Establishing Testimony is on the Plaintiff and Oath is on the Defendant

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ‌ قَالَ يُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَفَا مِنْ جِرَاحٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَاتِّباعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ أَداءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسانٍ‌ قَالَ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ فَيَنْبَغِي لِلطَّالِبِ أَنْ ي

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic [5:45] but he who foregoes it, it shall be an ‘ كَفَّارَةٌ ’ expiation for him . He asws said: ‘It would expiate from him his

الرَّجُلُ يَعْفُو أَوْ يَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ ثُمَّ يَجْرَحُ صَاحِبَهُ أَوْ يَقْتُلُهُ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Abu Jameela, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic [2:178] so whoever exceeds the limit after this he shall have a painful Punishment . So he asws said

هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي لَهُ الْحَقُّ أَنْ يَتَّبِعَهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَ لَا يُعْسِرَهُ وَ أَمَرَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ إِذَا أَيْسَرَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنِ اعْتَدى‌ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ‌ قَالَ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ أَوْ يُصَالِحُ ثُمَّ يَجِي‌ءُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَيُمَثّ

Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Abdul Kareem, from Sama’at, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic [2:178] but if any remission is made to any one by his (aggrieved) brother then prosecution (for the blood wit) should be made according to usage, and pay

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مُسْلِماً عَمْداً فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَقْتُولِ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ يَدْفَعَ الْقَاتِلَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ

Muhammad Bin Yahya from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Wallad who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a Muslim man who killed a Muslim man deliberately. So there did not happen to be for the killed one any guardians from the Muslims except for guardians from the A

أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ قَتَلَ أَخَا رَجُلٍ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى رَأَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ قَتَلَهُ فَحُمِلَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَوَجَدُوا بِهِ رَمَقاً فَعَالَجُوهُ فَبَرَأَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ أَخَذَهُ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ قَاتِلُ أَخِي وَ لِي أَنْ أَقْتُلَكَ فَقَالَ قَدْ قَتَلْتَنِي مَرَّةً فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَمَرَهُ بِق

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from one of his companions, from Aban Bin Usman, from the one who informed him, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ) having said: ‘They came to Umar Bin Al-Khattab with a man who had killed a brother of a man, so he handed him over to him, and ordered hi

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ فَقَالَ هِيَ حَقٌّ وَ هِيَ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَنَا وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَقَتَلَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً ثُمَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ إِنَّمَا الْقَسَامَةُ نَجَاةٌ لِلنَّاسِ‌[1].

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby, (The narrator) says, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), how it was to be?’ So he asws said: ‘It is truth, and it is written with us asws . And had it not been for that, the people would have killed eac

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ هَلْ جَرَتْ فِيهَا سُنَّةٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ خَرَجَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُصِيبَانِ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ فَتَفَرَّقَا فَوُجِدَ أَحَدُهُمَا مَيِّتاً فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّمَا قَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا الْيَهُودُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص تُحَلَّفُ الْيَهُودُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نُحَلِّفُ الْيَهُودَ عَلَى أَخِينَا وَ هُمْ قَوْمٌ كُفّ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), did the Sunnah flow with regards to it?’ So he asws said: ‘Yes. Two men from the Helpers went out to collect fruits. So they separated, and one of the two was fou

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ هَلْ جَرَتْ فِيهَا سُنَّةٌ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ وَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ هِيَ حَقٌّ وَ هِيَ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَنَا.

From him, from Abdullah Bin Muskam, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), has the Sunnah flowed regarding it?’ He (the narrator) said, ‘So he asws mentioned a Hadeeth similar to the one of Ibn Sinan, and said in his asws Hadeeth: ‘It is the truth, and

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ فَقَالَ الْحُقُوقُ كُلُّهَا الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا فِي الدَّمِ خَاصَّةً فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص بَيْنَمَا هُوَ بِخَيْبَرَ إِذْ فَقَدَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ فَوَجَدُوهُ قَتِيلًا فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِنَّ فُلَانَ الْيَهُودِيِّ قَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِلطَّالِبِينَ أَقِيمُوا رَجُلَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ مِنْ

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ فَقَالَ هِيَ حَقٌّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وُجِدَ قَتِيلًا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ الْيَهُودِ فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا رَجُلًا مِنَّا قَتِيلًا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلُبِ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ ائْتُونِي بِشَاهِدَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لَنَا شَاهِدَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ

Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Aina, from Zurara who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), so he asws said: ‘It is truth. A man from the Helpers was found killed in a well from the wells of the Jews. So they came to Rasool-Allah saww , so they said, ‘O Rasool-Allah saww ! We found

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَكَمَ فِي دِمَائِكُمْ بِغَيْرِ مَا حَكَمَ بِهِ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ حَكَمَ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ وَ حَكَمَ فِي دِمَائِكُمْ أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَنِ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى لِكَيْلَا يَبْطُلَ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In the matters of your blood (lives), Allah has judged differently from His judging in matters of your assets. In matters of your assets and belongings, He has judged by means of placing the establishment of testimony (burden of proof) on the plaintiff and oath on the defendant. In ma

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ سَأَلَنِي ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ فِي الدَّمِ فَأَجَبْتُهُ بِمَا صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص لَمْ يَصْنَعْ هَكَذَا كَيْفَ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ فِيهِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَمَّا مَا صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ بِهِ وَ أَمَّا مَا لَمْ يَصْنَعْ فَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِهِ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazie, from hanan Bin Sudeyr who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said to me asws , ‘Ibn Shabrama asked me asws , ‘What are you asws saying regarding the compurgation (sworn endorsements) with regards to the blood?’ So I asws answered him: ‘With what the

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ أَيْنَ كَانَ بَدْؤُهَا قَالَ كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ تَخَلَّفَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَرَجَعُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ مُتَشَحِّطاً فِي دَمِهِ قَتِيلًا فَجَاءَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَتَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ لِيُقْسِمْ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ رَ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), ‘Where was its beginning?’ He asws said: ‘It was from before Rasool-Allah saww . When it was after the victory of Khyber, a man fr

عَرَضْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا أَفْتَى بِهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الدِّيَاتِ فَمِمَّا أَفْتَى بِهِ أَفْتَى فِي الْجَسَدِ وَ جَعَلَهُ سِتَّةَ فَرَائِضَ النَّفْسُ وَ الْبَصَرُ وَ السَّمْعُ وَ الْكَلَامُ وَ نَقْصُ الصَّوْتِ مِنَ الْغَنَنِ وَ الْبَحَحِ وَ الشَّلَلُ مِنَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مَعَ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ قَسَامَةً عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا بَلَغَتِ الدِّيَةُ وَ الْقَسَامَةَ

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا فِي الْعَمْدِ وَ فِي الْخَطَإِ خَمْسَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ رَجُلًا وَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said regarding the compurgation (sworn endorsements) being fifty men regarding the deliberate (killing), and regarding the erroneous, being twenty-five men, and upon them is that they should be swearing by Allah azw

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ مَنْ تَطَبَّبَ أَوْ تَبَيْطَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذِ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ وَلِيِّهِ وَ إِلَّا فَهُوَ لَهُ ضَامِنٌ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said; ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws said: ‘The one who treats people (doctor) or treats animals (vet), so let him take the waiver from his guardian, or else he would be held responsible for him’.

لَيْسَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مُعَاقَلَةٌ فِيمَا يَجْنُونَ مِنْ قَتْلٍ أَوْ جِرَاحَةٍ إِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مَالٌ رَجَعَتِ الْجِنَايَةُ عَلَى إِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ إِلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةَ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَبْدُ الضَّرِيبَةَ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ قَالَ وَ هُمْ مَمَالِيكُ الْإِمَامِ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, both together from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Wallad, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘There is no (payment of the wergild) by the blood relatives between the people under the responsibility ( Ahl Al-Zimma ), regard

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى وَ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنِ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ’Establishing testimony (the burden of proof) is on the plaintiff and oath is on the defendant.”’

إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَكَمَ فِي دِمَائِكُمْ بِغَيْرِ مَا حَكَمَ بِهِ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ حَكَمَ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ وَ حَكَمَ فِي دِمَائِكُمْ أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَنِ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى لِكَيْلَا يَبْطُلَ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ.

2. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from abu ‘Abd Allah, ibn Bukayr from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In the matters of your blood (lives), Allah has judged differently from His judging in matters of your