Chapter on the Rights of the scholars

1. Ali ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abdallah has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Sulayman ibn Ja’far al-Ja’fari from a person he mentioned from Abu ‘Abdillah (al-Sadiq) (as) that Amir al-Mu'minin (as) used to say, "Among the rights of a scholar is that one must not overburden him with many questions nor should one pull on his garment (question excessively). When one would enter in his presence while other people are there one should offer general salutation to all of them and a special greeting directed towards the scholar only. One must sit before him and not behind him. One must not wink with his eyes nor make signal with one's hands and one must not excessively cite others by saying, "So-and-so said this" and "So-and-so said that" in contradiction to his words. One must not become impatient with the length of his companionship. For the scholar is like a date palm-you must wait patiently until something falls from it for you. And the scholar has a greater reward than one who fasts, prays, and fights in the way of Allah."

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) once asked, ‘Can you tell if a misfortune is of a lengthy duration or a shorter one?’ We said, ‘No, we do not know.’ The Imam said, ‘Whenever any of you is inspired to pray then you should know that the misfortune is of a shorter duration.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Isma‘il ibn Marrar and others from Yunus from those whom he has mentioned, has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a woman who experiences her blood discharge to have stopped but does not know if she is Hayd-free or not. He (the Imam) said, ’She must stand up with her belly leaned against a wall, place a piece of white cotton in her urethra and raise her right leg. Thereafter she examines the piece of cotton. If there is thick dark color blood, even of the size of the head of a fly, on the tip of the piece of cotton, her Hayd (menses) has not stopped; and if there is no blood on the tip of cotton, she must take Ghusl (bath) and perform Salah (prayer).’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the crescents (mentioned in the holy Quran). He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is a reference to the new moon of the months. When you see the new moon, begin fasting; when you see the new moon discontinue fasting.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘ Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad from Ziyad al-Qandiy from Al-Husayn al-Sahhaf from Sadir who said: “I asked abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.), ‘What should a man do for work to make a living?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If you open your door and spread your merchandise, you then have done what you should have been doing.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il ibn Bazi‘ from Mansur ibn Yunus from Hamzah ibn Humran from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman from his father Sulayman who has said the following: “Once I was in the Masjid when Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, came in but I could not recognize him properly; so I asked about him and I was told about his name so others and I stood up for him, we surrounded him (the Imam) and offered him (the Imam) greeting of peace. A man then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is your view about a man who mentions a woman exactly and on the day of his marriage says three times that she is divorced then he decides to marry her: if he can do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ’Divorce is only after marriage.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Muhammad ibn Muslim and al-Fudayl ibn Yasar and Burayd al-‘Ijliy and Zurarah ibn ‘A‘yan who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, The ordained shares do not face deficiency and they are not more than six.’” It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah a similar Hadith.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad who has said the following: “Once abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.) said, ‘Whenever a misfortune is about to arrive upon a believing servant (of Allah), if Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, inspires him to pray and plead before Allah for help, the diversion of misfortune from him will take place very shortly. Whenever a misfortune is to arrive upon a believing servant (of Allah) and he is held back from praying, that misfortune will be upon him for a lengthier period of time. Whenever a misfortune befalls you, you must pray and plead before Allah for help and appeal to Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, to move it away.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. Tf a woman wants Ghusl (bath), she should place a piece of cotton in her urethra. If blood is found on it, she cannot take Ghusl (bath); but if blood is not found on it, she must take Ghusl (bath) and if thereafter she finds yellowish discharge she must take Wudu’ to perform Salah (prayer).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Hammad has narrated from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), would say, ‘I do not accept a testimony about seeing the crescent if it is from less than two just witnesses.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from the one whom he has mentioned from al- Tayyar who has said the following: ‘Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What do you manage? What do you make?’ I replied, ‘I am not in anything.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Find a house, (a facility) broom its yards, sprinkle water around, spread the merchandise on it. In doing this you have done what should have been done.’ I (the narrator) followed his instruction and found sustenance.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that on the day I will get married to so and so she is divorced. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until he has a binding marriage.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Musa ibn Bakr from Ali ibn Sa‘id who has narrated the following: “I once said to Zurarah that Bukayr ibn ’A’yan has narrated to me from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that the shares do not face deficiency and they are not more than six. He said, ‘This is of things in which there are no differences among our people from abu ‘Abd Allah, and abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhim al- Salam.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab, from Ali ibn al-Hassan al-Tatariy, from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah, from ibn Muskan, from Shurahbil al-Kindiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about how a woman experiencing Hayd (menses) can find out if her Hayd (menses) has ended. He (the Imam), said, ‘She can find out by leaning against a wall on her left leg and place a piece of cotton in her urethra with her right hand. If there is blood even of the size of fly’s head on the tip of the piece of cotton (it has not ended).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad al-Husayn from Ali ibn al-Hakam from fro al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘Testimony by women is not admissible in the case of seeing the crescent.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Shu’ayb ibn Ya‘qub who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Those who were before us would say, ‘Setting free of a slave or divorce does not have any valid effect until a man has an ownership and marriage.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares do not face deficiency.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “Once it was mentioned before Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that women, during the night, asked for a lantern to examine if blood discharge has stopped or not; and it was considered laughable. He (the Imam) said, ‘When did women do this?”’ (Meaning the proper test is with a piece of cotton)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘Testimony of women about the crescent is not admissible, only the testimony of two just witnesses is accepted.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Razzaz has narrated from Ayyub ibn Nuh and Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Hariz from Hamzah ibn Humran from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman from his father who has said the following: “Once I was in the Masjid when Ali ibn al-Husayn, Alayhi al-Salam, came and I could not recognize him. He (the Imam) had a black turban and he had allowed both ends of the turban to hang down between his two shoulders. I then asked a man sitting near me, ‘Who is this Shaykh?’ He asked, ‘Why did you not ask me about people other than this shaykh coming in the Masjid?’ I replied, ‘Because I did not see anyone else entering the Masjid look as good as this Shaykh and his condition in my eyes, thus I asked you.’ He then said, ‘This is Ali ibn al-Husayn, Alayhi al-Salam .’ The man, others and I stood up. We surrounded him (the Imam) and offered greetings of peace. A man then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is your view about a man who mentions a woman exactly and on the day of his marriage says three times that she is divorced but then he decides to marry her: if he can do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Divorce is only after marriage.’ ‘Abd Allah has said that my father and I visited abu ‘Abd Allah, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, Alayhim al-Salam, and my father narrated this Hadith to him (the Imam). Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, asked, ‘Will you testify that this is a Hadith of Ali ibn al-Husayn, Alayhi al-Salam ?’ He replied, ‘Yes I will do so.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Fladid from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far, commanded abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, to make me read the booklet on ordained shares and I saw most of them were up to four shares.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Tha’labah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), would prohibit women to examine themselves at night during their Hayd (menses), saying that it can be a discharge of a yellowish color fluid or some kind of dirt.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah formal- Fadl ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘People of al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) must see the crescent. The Muslims must see the crescent.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Hamid from Muhammad ibn Qays who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who says, ‘If I marry so and so woman she is divorced; if I buy so and so slave, he is free and if I buy this cloth it is for the destitute. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect; he cannot divorce until he is married and owns. He cannot give charity except what he owns.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares are not more than six.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from certain persons of our people from Muhammad ibn Ali al-Basri who said: "I once said to abu al-Hassan al-Akheer (a.s.) that the daughter of Shihaab menstruates for many days, and when she performs ghusl, she sees drops (of blood) after drops." He said, "Order her to stand against the base of the wall as a dog stands, then command a woman to make a strong gesture with her legs spread apart, for indeed it is something that remains in the womb, called 'irāqah. It will all come out." Then he said, "Do not inform them of this and its like, leave them and their filthy impurity." He said, "So I did with the woman what he said, then the bleeding stopped and did not return until she died."

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ahmad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘When you see the crescent, then fast and when you see the crescent (again), then discontinue fasting. It is not by opinions and conjectures. If out of ten people only one says that there is the crescent but the rest cannot see, it is not seeing. If one can see a thousand can also see.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I read before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), the ordained shares (from the book of) according to Ali (a.s.). Many of them were from one-fifth or one-fourth and most of them were from one-sixth.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn from al-Salt al-Khazzaz who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent disappears before al-Shafaq (redness), then it is its first night but if it disappears after al-Shafaq (redness) then it is its second night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Khudhaymah ibn Yaqtin from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj from Bukayr who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The roots of ordained shares are six. They do not increase or face deficiency and thereafter the legacy is for those whose shares are mentioned in the book (of Allah).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Hamzah ibn abu Ya‘liy from Muhammad ibn al- Hassan ibn abu Khalid in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent of the month of Rajab is established, then count fifty nine days and fast the sixtieth day.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Bakr and Muhammad ibn abu Suhban from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy from ‘Umar (‘Amr) ibn Salim and Muhammad ibn Ziyad ibn ‘Isa from Harun ibn Kharijah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Count of the month of al-Sha‘ban twenty nine days; if it is cloudy then fast, but if it is clear and you looked but did not see anything, you can remain without fasting.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If they can see the crescent before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime), then it is of the last night but if they see it after Zawal, then it is of the coming night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. Ahmad ibn Idris Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn Murazim from his father who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if the crescent forms a crown around it, then it is two nights old and if you can see the shadow of your head it is three nights old.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Isma‘il ibn al-Hurr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent disappears before al-Shafaq (redness) it is of the first night, but if disappears after al-Shafaq it is of the second night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.