Children & Parenting

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ فِي ابْنَةِ الْأَخِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ لَا آمُرُ بِهِ أَحَداً وَ لَا أَنْهَى عَنْهُ وَ إِنَّمَا أَنْهَى عَنْهُ نَفْسِي وَ وُلْدِي وَ قَالَ عُرِضَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ قَالَ هِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘In the case of a daughter of a brother because of breastfeeding I do not command anyone or prohibit. I only refrain myself and my sons.’ He (’Amir al-Mu’minin) said, ‘The daughter of Hamzah was proposed to the Messenger of Allah for marriage and

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ لَبَنِ الْفَحْلِ قَالَ هُوَ مَا أَرْضَعَتِ امْرَأَتُكَ مِنْ لَبَنِكَ وَ لَبَنِ وَلَدِكَ وَلَدَ امْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ‌[1].

‘It is the milk from your wife from your milk and the milk of your children given to the child of another woman and that child is unlawful (for marriage).”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ فَوَلَدَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا غُلَاماً فَانْطَلَقَتْ إِحْدَى امْرَأَتَيْهِ فَأَرْضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً مِنْ عُرْضِ النَّاسِ أَ يَنْبَغِي لِابْنِهِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِهَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةِ[2] قَالَ لَا لِأَنَّهَا أُرْضِعَتْ بِلَبَنِ الشَّيْخِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has two women, each of whom gives birth; and he divorces one of the two who has breastfed a girl of the people; if the son of this man can marry that girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because she has given milk from the milk of the s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ لَبَنِ الْفَحْلِ قَالَ مَا أَرْضَعَتِ امْرَأَتُكَ مِنْ لَبَنِ وَلَدِكَ وَلَدَ امْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ.

‘It is the milk from your wife from your milk and the milk of your children given to the child of another woman and that child is unlawful (for marriage).”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً وَ لِزَوْجِهَا ابْنٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا أَ يَحِلُّ لِلْغُلَامِ ابْنِ زَوْجِهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي أَرْضَعَتْ فَقَالَ اللَّبَنُ لِلْفَحْلِ‌[3].

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a woman who breastfeeds a girl and her husband has a son from another woman if it is lawful for this boy, the son of her husband to marry the girl she has breastfed. He (the Imam) said, ‘The milk is from ‘impregnating agent’ her husband.’”

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ جَارِيَةً ثُمَّ مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَتَزَوَّجَ أُخْرَى فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَداً ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتْ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا غُلَاماً أَ يَحِلُّ لِذَلِكَ الْغُلَامِ الَّذِي أَرْضَعَتْهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحْتَ الرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ فَقَالَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ فَحْلٍ قَدْ رَضَعَ مِنْ لَبَنِهِ‌[1].

“About the case of a man who marries a woman who gives birth from him to a girl, then the woman dies and he marries another woman who gives birth to a boy, then she breastfeeds a boy; if this boy can marry the daughter of the woman who was the wife of the man before this woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like for hi

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أُمُّ وَلَدِ رَجُلٍ أَرْضَعَتْ صَبِيّاً وَ لَهُ ابْنَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا أَ يَحِلُّ لِذَلِكَ الصَّبِيِّ هَذِهِ الِابْنَةُ فَقَالَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ رَضَعْتَ مِنْ لَبَنِ وَلَدِهِ‌[2].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the mother of the child of a man who has breastfed a child and he had a daughter from another woman; if the girl is lawful for that child. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like the marriage of the daughter of a man to one who is breastfed from the milk of

قَالَ الرِّضَا ع مَا يَقُولُ أَصْحَابُكَ فِي الرَّضَاعِ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ اللَّبَنُ لِلْفَحْلِ حَتَّى جَاءَتْهُمُ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْكَ أَنَّهُ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى قَوْلِكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ‌[3] سَأَلَنِي عَنْهَا الْبَارِحَةَ فَقَالَ لِي اشْرَحْ لِيَ اللَّبَنُ لِلْفَحْلِ وَ أَنَا أَكْرَهُ الْكَلَامَ فَقَالَ لِي كَمَا أَ

“Al-Rida’ (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What do your people say about breastfeeding?’ I replied, They called it the milk of the ‘impregnating agent’ (husband) until a Hadith from you came to them that said, “Because of breastfeeding whoever is unlawful for marriage, as being a relative, becomes unlawful” then they returned t

سَأَلَ عِيسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عِيسَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِيَ ع أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَرْضَعَتْ لِي صَبِيّاً فَهَلْ يَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ زَوْجِهَا فَقَالَ لِي مَا أَجْوَدَ مَا سَأَلْتَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا يُؤْتَى أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ لَبَنِ الْفَحْلِ هَذَا هُوَ لَبَنُ الْفَحْلِ لَا غَيْرُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ [إِنَ‌] الْجَارِيَةَ لَيْسَتِ ابْنَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي أَرْ

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), about a woman who breastfeeds a child for me: if it is lawful for me to marry a daughter of her husband. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a very good question. It is because of this that people say, ‘His wife has become unlawful because of the milk of ‘impr

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ مِنَ الْماءِ بَشَراً فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَ صِهْراً[1] فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ آدَمَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَ خَلَقَ زَوْجَتَهُ مِنْ سِنْخِهِ فَبَرَأَهَا[2] مِنْ أَسْفَلِ أَضْلَاعِهِ فَجَرَى بِذَلِكَ الضِّلْعِ سَبَبٌ وَ نَسَبٌ ثُمَّ زَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَجَرَى بِسَبَبِ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمَا صِهْرٌ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘He is the one who has created human beings from water, then made him into lineage and in-law relationship.’ (25:54) He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah, most High, created Adam from sweet water and He created his spouse of his kind and car

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْضِعُ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَ هُوَ غُلَامٌ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أُخْتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَتَانِ رَضَعَتَا مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلٍ وَاحِدٍ فَلَا يَحِلُّ فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَتَانِ رَضَعَتَا مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلَيْنِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is breastfed when a child by a woman; if it is lawful for him to marry her sister because of breastfeeding from her mother’s side. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the two women are breastfed by one woman from the milk of one “impregnating

الرَّضَاعُ قَبْلَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطَمَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Breastfeeding is effective before completion of two years of a child before weaning him.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ وَ لَا وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ وَ لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ وَ لَا صَمْتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ لَا تَعَرُّبَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ‌ وَ لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ لِلْوَلَدِ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Breastfeeding after weaning is not effective, continuous fasting is not valid, one is not an orphan after experiencing wet-dream, vowing to remain silen

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ جَارِيَةً صَغِيرَةً فَأَرْضَعَتْهَا امْرَأَتُهُ أَوْ أُمُّ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ.

“About the case of a man who marries a small girl and his wife breastfeeds her or the mother of his children, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She becomes unlawful for him.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ ابْنِي وَ ابْنَةَ أَخِي فِي حَجْرِي وَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُزَوِّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِي إِنَّا قَدْ أَرْضَعْنَاهُمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ كَمْ قُلْتُ مَا أَدْرِي قَالَ فَأَدْرَانِي عَلَى أَنْ أُوَقِّتَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَدْرِي قَالَ فَقَالَ زَوِّجْهُ.

“I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), that my son and the daughter of my brother are in my care and I want to arrange marriage between them but certain ones of my family has said that she has breastfed both of them. He (the Imam) asked, ’How much breastfeeding has taken place?’ I replied, ’I do not know.’ He (the Ima

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَ لَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا وَ لَا عَلَى أُخْتِهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع ذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا ابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ عَمُّهُ حَمْزَةُ ع قَدْ رَضَعَا مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘You must not marry a woman as a second wife, the first being her paternal aunt, maternal aunt of breastfeeding or her sister of breastfeeding. He (the Imam) said that Ali ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that daughter of Hamzah was mentioned before the Messenger of Allah, O Allah

قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ بِجَارِيَةٍ صَغِيرَةٍ فَأَرْضَعَتْهَا امْرَأَتُهُ ثُمَّ أَرْضَعَتْهَا امْرَأَةٌ لَهُ أُخْرَى فَقَالَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ امْرَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَخْطَأَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ امْرَأَتُهُ الَّتِي أَرْضَعَتْهَا أَوَّلًا فَأَمَّا الْأَخِيرَةُ فَلَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ كَأَنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتِ ابْنَتَهَا[2].

“Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who married a small girl, then his wife breastfed her, then his other woman breastfed her. Ibn Shubramah has said that the girl and both of his wives become unlawful for him. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Ibn Shubramah has made a mistake. The girl and his wife

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ انْهَوْا نِسَاءَكُمْ أَنْ يُرْضِعْنَ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَنْسَيْنَ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ’Prohibit your wives from breastfeeding many children, left and right, because they forget.’”

سُئِلَ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ- عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ غُلَاماً مَمْلُوكاً لَهَا مِنْ لَبَنِهَا حَتَّى فَطَمَتْهُ هَلْ لَهَا أَنْ تَبِيعَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا هُوَ ابْنُهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهَا بَيْعُهُ وَ أَكْلُ ثَمَنِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَيْسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ.

“This is concerning a question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, when I was present, about the case of a woman who has breastfed her own slave boy from her milk until weaning; if she can sell him. He (the narrator) has said, that he (the Imam) said, ‘No, because he is her son of breastfeeding. Selling him and con

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع- عَنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِي صَدُوقٍ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا أَرْضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً لِي أُصَدِّقُهَا قَالَ لَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu al-Hassan, Musa, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of mother of my child who is truthful and who alleges that she has breastfed my slave-girl: if I must accept her word. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, do not accept her word.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع امْرَأَةٌ أَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَ الرَّجُلِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ هَذِهِ الْمُرْضِعَةِ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ.

18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja’far who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Muhammad, Alayhi al-Salam, and asked, ‘A woman has breastfed the son of a man; if the man can marry the daughter of breastfeeding woman. He (the Imam) signed the answer, ‘No, he cannot marry because it is not

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ قَابِلَتَهُ قَالَ لَا وَ لَا ابْنَتَهَا[3].

if one can marry his al- Qabilah (special nurse who helps one’s mother during her giving birth and thereafter). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, and not her daughter also.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ الْقَابِلَةِ أَ يَحِلُّ لِلْمَوْلُودِ أَنْ‌ يَنْكِحَهَا فَقَالَ لَا وَ لَا ابْنَتَهَا هِيَ بَعْضُ أُمَّهَاتِهِ. وَ - فِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قَالَ إِنْ قَبِلَتْ وَ مَرَّتْ فَالْقَوَابِلُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ قَبِلَتْ وَ رَبَّتْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about al-Qabilah (special nurse who helps one’s mother during her giving birth and thereafter); if the child can marry her. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, not her daughter also, because she is one of his mothers.’ Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar has narrated the following: “Abu

إِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَ الصَّبِيُّ الْقَابِلَةَ بِوَجْهِهِ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَدُهَا[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the child feels compassion toward al-Qabilah (special nurse who helps one’s mother during her giving birth and thereafter) she becomes unlawful to him for marriage as well as her children.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ الْقَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ جُرَيْجٍ‌[1] فَسَلْهُ عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا عِلْماً فَلَقِيتُهُ فَأَمْلَى عَلَيَّ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً كَثِيراً فِي اسْتِحْلَالِهَا فَكَانَ فِيمَا رَوَى لِيَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ فِيهَا وَقْتٌ وَ لَا عَدَدٌ إِنَّمَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَاءِ يَتَزَوَّجُ مِنْهُنَّ كَمْ شَاءَ وَ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage). He (the Imam) said, ‘Meet ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Jurayh and ask him about it; he has information about it.’ I met him and he dictated a great deal of issues about its lawfulness. Among the matters that Ibn Jurayj narrated

سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ امْرَأَةً مُتْعَةً وَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ لَا يَطْلُبَ وَلَدَهَا فَتَأْتِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِوَلَدٍ فَشَدَّدَ فِي إِنْكَارِ الْوَلَدِ وَ قَالَ أَ يَجْحَدُهُ إِعْظَاماً لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنِ اتَّهَمَهَا فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةً أَوْ مُسْلِمَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- ا

“A man once asked al-Rida’, Alayhi al-Salam, when I was listening, about the case of a man who married a woman in the manner of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) with the condition that he was not to support her child. She thereafter brought a child to him and he strongly denied the child. He (the Imam) said, ‘Does he

قُلْتُ الْجَارِيَةُ ابْنَةُ كَمْ لَا تُسْتَصْبَى ابْنَةُ سِتٍّ أَوْ سَبْعٍ فَقَالَ لَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ لَا تُسْتَصْبَى وَ أَجْمَعُوا كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَةَ تِسْعٍ لَا تُسْتَصْبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي عَقْلِهَا ضَعْفٌ وَ إِلَّا فَهِيَ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ تِسْعاً فَقَدْ بَلَغَتْ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘When is a girl not considered a child? Is it a girl who is six or seven years old?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, a nine-year-old girl is not considered a child and all of them are unanimous that a girl who is nine years old is not considered a child unless there is weakness in her reas

قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ حَبِلَتْ قَالَ هُوَ وَلَدُهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A woman gives birth because of marriage in the form of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is his child.’”

الْمَاءُ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ إِذَا جَاءَ وَلَدٌ لَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ وَ شَدَّدَ فِي إِنْكَارِ الْوَلَدِ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘The water (seed) belongs to man, he can place it (lawfully) wherever he wants, except that when the child comes he cannot deny him,’ and he (the Imam) placed great stress against denying the child.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع- عَنِ الشُّرُوطِ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ الشَّرْطُ فِيهَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا إِلَى كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَإِنْ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَذَاكَ لَهُ جَائِزٌ وَ لَا تَقُولُ كَمَا أُنْهِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ يَقُولُونَ الْمَاءُ مَائِي وَ الْأَرْضُ لَكِ وَ لَسْتُ أَسْقِي أَرْضَكِ الْمَاءَ وَ إِنْ نَبَتَ هُنَاكِ نَبْتٌ فَهُوَ لِصَاحِبِ الْأَرْضِ فَإِنَّ شَرْطَيْنِ‌[2] فِي شَرْطٍ فَاسِدٌ فَإ

“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the conditions of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage). He (the Imam) said, ‘Of the conditions in it is setting up an appointed time and the amount of mahr (dower), if she agreed it then is lawful. You must not say as it is reported to me that people of Iraq say, “Water

بَعَثَتْ إِلَيَّ ابْنَةُ عَمٍّ لِي كَانَ لَهَا مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ قَدْ عَرَفْتَ كَثْرَةَ مَنْ يَخْطُبُنِي مِنَ الرِّجَالِ فَلَمْ أُزَوِّجْهُمْ نَفْسِي وَ مَا بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً فِي الرِّجَالِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ أَحَلَّهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ بَيَّنَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سُنَّتِهِ فَحَرَّمَهَا زُفَرُ[1] فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُطِيعَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَوْقَ عَرْشِهِ وَ أُطِيعَ

“Once a daughter of my uncle, who was quite wealthy, sent me a message saying, ‘As you know, many men propose marriage to me, but I do not give myself in marriage to anyone and my message to you is not because of my desire for men except it has come to my notice that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made it law

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَحَلَّتْ لِابْنِهَا فَرْجَ جَارِيَتِهَا قَالَ هُوَ لَهُ حَلَالٌ قُلْتُ أَ فَيَحِلُّ لَهُ ثَمَنُهَا قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ مَا أَحَلَّتْهُ لَهُ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a woman who permitted the private part of her slave girl to her son. He asws sai

لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَوْلَدَهَا قَالَ يَضُمُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدَهُ وَ يَرُدُّ الْجَارِيَةَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَلَّلَهُ مِنْهَا فَهُوَ لَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ‌[1].

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Suleym Al Far’a, from Hareyz, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the man who permitted the private part of his slave girl for his brother. So he asws said: ‘There is no problem with that’. I said, ‘Supposing he makes her give birth?’ He asws

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع الرَّجُلُ يُحِلُّ جَارِيَتَهُ لِأَخِيهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهَا جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ قَالَ يَضُمُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدَهُ وَ يَرُدُّ الْجَارِيَةَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ وَ هُوَ لَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ.

Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Suleym, from Hareyz, from Zurara who said, ‘I said to Abu Ja’far asws , ‘The man permits his slave girl to his brother. So he asws said: ‘There is no problem’. So I said, ‘(supposing) she were to come with a child?’ He asws said: ‘His child would be entrusted to him and th

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ تَكُونُ لِبَعْضِ وُلْدِهِ جَارِيَةٌ وَ وُلْدُهُ صِغَارٌ فَقَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا حَتَّى يُقَوِّمَهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذَهَا وَ يَكُونُ لِوَلَدِهِ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Abu Nasr, from Dawood Bin Sirhan who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah asws , a man, there happens to be a slave girl for one of his son, and his son is young. So he asws said: ‘It is not correct that he sleeps with her until he evaluates her with a just price, then

يُقَوِّمُهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهَا وَ يَكُونُ لِوَلَدِهِ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Numan, from Abu Al Sabbah, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the man, there happens to be a slave girl for one of his young sons. Is it correct for him that he sleeps with her?’ So he asws said: ‘He would evaluate her with a just price,

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ تَكُونُ لِابْنِهِ جَارِيَةٌ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا فَقَالَ يُقَوِّمُهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ قِيمَةً وَ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِثَمَنِهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umer, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj, (It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa asws , said, ‘I said to him asws , ‘The man, there happens to be a slave girl for his son, it is for him that he sleeps with her?’ So he asws said: ‘He would evaluate her upon himself wit

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فِي جَارِيَةٍ لِابْنٍ لِي صَغِيرٍ أَ يَجُوزُ لِي أَنْ أَطَأَهَا فَكَتَبَ لَا حَتَّى تُخَلِّصَهَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail who said, ‘I wrote to Abu Al-Hassan asws regarding a slave girl of a young son of mine, it is allowed for me that I sleep with her?’ So he asws wrote: ‘No, until you free her’.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع إِنِّي كُنْتُ وَهَبْتُ لِابْنَتِي جَارِيَةً حَيْثُ زَوَّجْتُهَا فَلَمْ تَزَلْ عِنْدَهَا فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيَّ هِيَ وَ الْجَارِيَةُ أَ فَيَحِلُّ لِيَ الْجَارِيَةُ أَنْ أَطَأَهَا فَقَالَ قَوِّمْهَا بِقِيمَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ وَ أَشْهِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَطَأْهَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza asws , ‘I had gifted a slave girl to my daughter when I got her married. So she did not stay with her in the house of husband until her husband died. So she returned to me, her and her slave girl. Is the slave girl Pe

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا رَوَى أَنَّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ جَارِيَةَ ابْنِهِ وَ جَارِيَةَ ابْنَتِهِ وَ لِيَ ابْنَةٌ وَ ابْنٌ وَ لِابْنَتِي جَارِيَةٌ اشْتَرَيْتُهَا لَهَا مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا أَ فَيَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أَطَأَهَا فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهَا قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ جَاءَ أَنَّ هَذَا جَائِزٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ ذَاكَ إِذَا كَانَ هُوَ سَبَبَهُ ثُمَّ الْتَفَت

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Musa Bin Ja’far, from Amro Bin Saeed, from Al Hassan Bin Sadaqa who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws , so I said, ‘One of our companions reported that for the man is that he marries a slave girl of his son, and a slave girl of his daughter, and for me there is a da

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِأُمَّهَاتٍ الْأَوْلَادِ فَإِنَّ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Ibn Al Qaddah, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah saww said: ‘It is up to you with the mothers of the children, for in their wombs is the Blessings’.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ اطْلُبُوا الْأَوْلَادَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ فَإِنَّ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ.

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from one of his companion, from Abu Hamza, (It has been narrated) from Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah saww said: ‘Seek the children from the mothers, for in their wombs is the Blessing’.

فِي الْوَلِيدَةِ يَشْتَرِيهَا الرَّجُلُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى قَالَ لَا يَقْرَبْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ وَلَدَهَا.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said regarding the mother whom the man bought and she was pregnant’. He asws said: ‘He should not go

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ يَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكَ قَائِدٌ يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ فَأَعْطَانِي ثَلَاثِينَ دِينَاراً فَقَالَ اشْتَرِ خَادِماً كَسُومِيّاً فَاشْتَرَاهُ فَلَمَّا أَنْ حَجَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ قَائِدَكَ يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ فَقَالَ خَيْراً فَأَعْطَاهُ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ دِينَاراً فَقَالَ لَهُ اشْتَرِ جَارِيَةً شَبَانِيَّةً فَإِ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abu Is’haq Al Khannaf, from Muhammad Bin Abu Zayd, from Abu Haroun Al Makfouf who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said to me: ‘Would it cheer you up if there happened to be a (travel) guide for you, O Abu Haroun! I said, ‘Yes, may I be sacrificed for you asws ! So he asws gave me thirty

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي سُرِّيَّةِ رَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَأَنْكَحَهَا عَبْدَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ سَيِّدُهَا وَ أَعْتَقَهَا فَوَرِثَ وَلَدُهَا زَوْجَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَدُهَا فَوَرِثَتْ زَوْجَهَا مِنْ وَلَدِهَا فَجَاءَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتِي وَ لَا أُطَلِّقُهَا وَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَقُولُ عَبْدِي وَ لَا يُجَامِعْنِي فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَا أَم

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najra, from Aasim Bin Humeyr, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws judged regarding a concubine of a man who gave birth for her master. Then he isolated from her, so his slave married her. Then her master d

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ مَمْلُوكَهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَرِثَهُ ابْنُهُ فَصَارَ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ فِي زَوْجِ أُمِّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ‌ الْوَلَدُ أَ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا وَرِثَتْهُ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ وَ هُوَ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ تُفَارِقُهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا سَبِيلٌ وَ هُوَ عَبْدُهَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying regarding a man who married a mother of a child of a slave of his. Then the man died, so his son inherited her. So there came to

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً حَامِلًا وَ قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا فَوَطِئَهَا قَالَ بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ قَالَ أَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا أَمْ لَا قُلْتُ أَجِبْنِي فِي الْوَجْهَيْنِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعُودُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَعْزِلْ عَنْهَا فَلَا يَبِيعُ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يُورِثُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْتِقُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ شَي

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Say Bin Ameyra, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about a man who bought a pregnant slave girl and her pregnancy had manifested, so he slept with her. He asws said: ‘Evil is what he has done’. I said, ‘So what are you asw

مَنْ جَامَعَ أَمَةً حُبْلَى مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ وَلَدَهَا وَ لَا يَسْتَرِقَّ لِأَنَّهُ شَارَكَ فِيهِ الْمَاءُ تَمَامَ الْوَلَدِ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Giyas Bin Ibrahim, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘The one who sleeps with a slave girl pregnant from someone else, so upon him is that he should emancipated her child, and he should not enslave, because the water par

إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنِّي قَدِ ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنِّي وَقَعْتُ عَلَى جَارِيَتِي ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ فِي بَعْضِ حَوَائِجِي فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ فَأَصَبْتُ غُلَامِي بَيْنَ رِجْلَيِ الْجَارِيَةِ فَاعْتَزَلْتُهَا فَحَبِلَتْ ثُمَّ وَضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً لِعِدَّةِ تِسْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع احْبِسِ الْجَارِيَةَ لَا تَبِعْهَا وَ أَنْفِقْ عَلَي

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Fazzal, from Muhammad Bin Ajlan who said that, ‘A man from the Helpers came over to Abu Ja’far asws , so he said to him asws , ‘I am afflicted with a grievous matter. I fell upon my slave girl, then I went out regarding one of my needs, and I turn

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ تَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ يُطِيفُ بِهَا وَ هِيَ تَخْرُجُ فَتَعْلَقُ‌[1] قَالَ يَتَّهِمُهَا الرَّجُلُ أَوْ يَتَّهِمُهَا أَهْلُهُ قُلْتُ أَمَّا ظَاهِرَةً فَلَا قَالَ إِذاً لَزِمَهُ الْوَلَدُ.

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, altogether, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Saeed Bin Yasaar who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about the slave girl who happened to be for the man who wandered around and she brought forth (a child), so she attached (it to him)