Children & Parenting

مَالُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

“About the case of a man who dies as an apostate and has children, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘His legacy belongs to his Muslim children.”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَفَرَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ‌[1] وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنْهُ فَلْيُقْسَمْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about an apostate (one who turns away from Islam). He (the Imam) said, ‘If one turns away from Islam and rejects what Allah has revealed to Muhammad (SAW), after his being a Muslim, his repentance has no effect. (After judicial due process) executing him is obligatory, his wife becomes

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِيَ ع- عَنْ دَارٍ كَانَتْ لِامْرَأَةٍ وَ كَانَ لَهَا ابْنٌ وَ ابْنَةٌ فَغَابَ الِابْنُ بِالْبَحْرِ وَ مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَادَّعَتِ ابْنَتُهَا أَنَّ أُمَّهَا كَانَتْ صَيَّرَتْ هَذِهِ الدَّارَ لَهَا وَ بَاعَتْ أَشْقَاصاً[2] مِنْهَا وَ بَقِيَتْ فِي الدَّارِ قِطْعَةٌ إِلَى جَنْبِ دَارِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا وَ هُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا لِغَيْبَةِ الِابْنِ وَ مَا يَتَخَوَّفُ مِنْ

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a house that belongs to a woman who had a son and a daughter. Her son disappeared in the ocean, the woman died and the daughter claimed that her mother had given the house to her and she sold certain parts of it. One portion was left next to the house of a man of our p

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَغَابَ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ وَ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِمِيرَاثِ الْغَائِبِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ يُعْزَلُ حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ قُلْتُ فُقِدَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمْ يَجِئْ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وَرَثَةُ الرَّجُلِ مِلَاءً بِمَالِهِ‌[3] اقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِذَا جَاءَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who had several sons, of whom one disappeared and he did not know where he was. The man died. What must be done with the share of the legacy for the son who has disappeared? He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be kept aside until he comes? I then said, ‘The man is l

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَغَابَ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ وَ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ يُصْنَعُ بِمِيرَاثِ الرَّجُلِ الْغَائِبِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ يُعْزَلُ حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ قُلْتُ فَعَلَى مَالِهِ زَكَاةٌ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا جَاءَ يُزَكِّيهِ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ فِي يَدِهِ فَقُلْتُ فُقِدَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمْ يَجِئْ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وَرَثَة

“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), about the case of a man who has several sons, of whom one disappeared and he did not know where he was. The man died. What must be done with his share of legacy from his father? He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be kept aside until he comes? I then asked if there is Zakat on his

ع‌ الْمَفْقُودُ يَحْبِسُ مَالَهُ الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُطْلَبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ بَيْنَ الْوَرَثَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ حُبِسَ الْمَالُ وَ أُنْفِقَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The heirs must keep the assets of one who is lost for the duration of four years’ searching. If he is not found, his assets are distributed among the heirs. If he has children, the assets must be withheld and the expenses of his children must be provided during the four years?”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ فِي الْمَنْفُوسِ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ وَرِثَ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ.

“I once heard abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), saying about newborn, ‘If he moves, he inherits; perhaps he is speechless.”’

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي السِّقْطِ إِذَا سَقَطَ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فَتَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ‌[1].

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If a miscarried child falls off the womb of his mother and moves with clear movement, he inherits and is inherited; perhaps he is speechless so that he did not cry.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ فَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ غُلَاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْغُلَامُ بَعْدَ مَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَشَهِدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْهَا أَنَّهُ اسْتَهَلَّ وَ صَاحَ حِينَ وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجِيزَ شَهَادَتَهَا فِي رُبُعِ مِيرَاثِ الْغُلَامِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a woman who is pregnant. She gives birth after his death and the boy dies after falling on the ground. The female nurse saw and heard him crying when falling on the ground but then died. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is up to the Imam to app

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْقَابِلَةِ فِي الْمَوْلُودِ إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَ صَاحَ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَ يُوَرَّثُ الرُّبُعَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِقَدْرِ شَهَادَةِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا امْرَأَتَيْنِ قَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا فِي النِّصْفِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ.

The testimony of a female nurse about the crying of a newborn at the time of birth is effective for one-fourth of the legacy proportionate to the testimony of one woman.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are two women?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is effective for one-half of the legacy.’”

لَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَصِيحَ وَ يُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ.

“About the case of inheritance of a newborn from a wergild, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He cannot inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at birth and his crying is heard.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ الْمَنْفُوسَ لَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَسْتَهِلَّ وَ يُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ.

“I once heard him (the Imam) (a.s.), saying, ‘A newborn does not inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at the time of birth and his voice is heard.’”

سُئِلَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ وَ لَهُ قُبُلٌ وَ ذَكَرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرِهِ فَلَهُ مِيرَاثُ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبُولُ مِنَ الْقُبُلِ فَلَهُ مِيرَاثُ الْأُنْثَى.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female and about his inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘If urine comes from the male organ its inheritance is that which is for a male, and if urine comes from the female organ then her share is like the s

قُلْتُ لَهُ الْمَوْلُودُ يُولَدُ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ يُوَرَّثُ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَبَقَ بَوْلُهُ‌[1] فَإِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمَا سَوَاءً فَمِنْ حَيْثُ يَنْبَعِثُ فَإِنْ كَانَا سَوَاءً وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female. He (the Imam) said, ‘Such person inherits according to the reproductive organ from which urine comes first. If it comes from both at the same time then it is according to whichever sends with more p

يُوَرَّثُ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَبُولُ إِنْ بَالَ مِنَ الذَّكَرِ وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ بَالَ مِنْ مَوْضِعِ الْأُنْثَى وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الْأُنْثَى وَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَا لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ إِلَّا ثَقْبٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْبَوْلُ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ إِذَا بَالَ نَحَّى بِبَوْلِهِ وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُنَحِّي بِبَوْلِهِ

About the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Such person inherits according to the case of the organ from which the urine comes. If he urinates from the male organ he inherits the share of a male p

سُئِلَ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ وَ لَيْسَ بِذَكَرٍ وَ لَا أُنْثَى وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا دُبُرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْلِسُ مَعَهُ نَاسٌ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ وَ يُجِيلُ السِّهَامَ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثِ الذَّكَرِ أَوْ مِيرَاثِ الْأُنْثَى فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ وَرَّثَهُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَيُّ قَضِيَّةٍ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ قَضِيَّةٍ

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was with him, about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female but there is only the anus and how to deal with the inheritance of such person. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam and people come in a gathering, pray to Allah then arrange a raffle to see the name of which

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَا لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ يُقْرِعُ الْإِمَامُ أَوِ الْمُقْرِعُ بِهِ يَكْتُبُ عَلَى سَهْمٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى سَهْمٍ آخَرَ أَمَةَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ الْإِمَامُ أَوِ الْمُقْرِعُ- اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ‌ عالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبادِكَ فِي ما كانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ‌

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a newborn who does not have the male or female organ. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam or one who casts raffle settles it by means of casting a raffle. On one token, he writes ‘male servant of Allah’, on the other he writes ‘female servant of Allah’. Then the Imam or

سُئِلَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ بِذَكَرٍ وَ لَا أُنْثَى لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا دُبُرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْلِسُ عِنْدَهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ تُجَالُ السِّهَامُ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرِّثُهُ أَ مِيرَاثِ الذَّكَرِ أَوْ مِيرَاثِ الْأُنْثَى فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ وَرَّثَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَيُّ قَضِيَّةٍ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ قَضِيَّةٍ تُجَالُ عَل

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female except that the child has an anus and about the inheritance of such child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam with Muslim people sits in a gathering and prays to Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, then mixes the arrows (tokens)

وَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْخُنْثَى وَ قَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيهِ يُوَرَّثُ الْخُنْثَى مِنَ الْمَبَالِ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا بَالَ وَ شَهَادَةُ الْجَارِّ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ لَا تُقْبَلُ مَعَ أَنَّهُ عَسَى أَنْ تَكُونَ امْرَأَةً وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ أَوْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ وَ هَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ فَأَجَابَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثُ ع عَنْهَا أَم

“Yahya ibn Aktham asked him (the Imam) questions; among the questions that he asked one was about hermaphrodite and the words of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin that a hermaphrodite inherits according to the manner of urinating and that who must look at the child (the person) when urinating and that the testimony of one who is unfa

قَالَ وُلِدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ وَ صَدْرَانِ فِي حَقْوٍ[3] وَاحِدٍ فَسُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثَ اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ يُتْرَكُ حَتَّى يَنَامَ ثُمَّ يُصَاحُ بِهِ فَإِنِ انْتَبَهَا جَمِيعاً مَعاً كَانَ لَهُ مِيرَاثُ وَاحِدٍ وَ إِنِ انْتَبَهَ وَاحِدٌ وَ بَقِيَ الْآخَرُ نَائِماً يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثَ اثْنَيْنِ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin a child was bom with two heads and two chests on one groin. ’ Amir al-Mu’minin was asked about it; if the child receives inheritance for one or for two. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child must be allowed to sleep then called to wake up. If both wake up

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اللَّهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If a child whose parents have condemned each other dies, leaving behind brothers, his legacy is distributed among them according to the shares that Allah has ordained.’”

أَنَّ مِيرَاثَ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ لَيْسَتْ بِحَيَّةٍ فَلِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ إِلَى أُمِّهِ أَخْوَالِهِ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said the legacy of a child from parents who condemn each other belongs to his mother if she is living and if she is not living then it belongs to the people nearest to her, like maternal uncle.’” Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr fro

فِي الْمُلَاعِنِ إِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَبْلَ اللِّعَانِ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ ضُرِبَ الْحَدَّ وَ إِنْ أَبَى لَاعَنَ وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً وَ إِنْ قَذَفَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَلَدُهُ وَرِثَهُ أَخْوَالُهُ فَإِنِ ادَّعَاهُ أَبُوهُ لَحِقَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثَهُ الِابْنُ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ الْأَبُ.

“This is about the case of a man who decides to proceed with condemnation. He then calls himself as lying before the process of condemnation. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘His woman is returned to him, he is made to suffer the applicable penalty; but if he refuses and proceeds with condemnation process she will nev

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ أُمُّهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child of Mula‘anah and about who inherits such a child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The mother inherits the legacy of such child.’ I then asked, ‘Who inherits such child if the mother dies?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The maternal uncle inherits the legacy of such child.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ وَلَدَهَا وَلَدُهُ هَلْ تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ لَا تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أُمُّهُ فَقُلْتُ‌ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتِ الْأُمُّ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَا

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and rejects her child; then calls himself lying after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that her child is his child if she is returned to him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, and it is not honorable. She is not returned to him and i

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say if the child of Mula‘anah dies and has brothers the legacy is distributed among them according to the shares ordained by Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife when she is pregnant. When the child is born, he claims her child with confession and thinks that the child is his child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is returned to him but cannot inherit his legacy and he is not whipp

فِي رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَهُ هَلْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْ

“About the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and denies her child, then calls himself a liar after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that the child is his child; if the child can be returned to him, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The child is returned to him. The child is not called his child, he does

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ يَلْحَقُ الْوَلَدُ بِأُمِّهِ وَ يَرِثُهُ أَخْوَالُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ إِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ الْوَلَدُ.

‘The child is joined with his mother and his maternal uncle inherits his legacy but he cannot inherit them. I then asked, ‘What happens if he calls himself a liar?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is joined with him.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ إِذَا تَلَاعَنَا وَ تَفَرَّقَا وَ قَالَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَرُدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَّعِهِ أَبُوهُ فَإِنَّ أَخْوَالَهُ يَرِثُونَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَإِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ بِابْنِ الزَّانِيَةِ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ. قَالَ الْ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife, then they separate from each other. The husband thereafter says that the child is his child and he calls himself a liar. He (the Imam) said, ‘The woman cannot return to him but the child must be joined with him; he canno

ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ الْبَاقِي لِإِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ‌[1]. بَابٌ‌

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, The child involved in Mula‘anah (condemnation) of parents is inherited by his mother with a share of one-third and the rest of the legacy belongs to the Imam of the Muslims; the liability for his crime becomes a burden on the Imam.”’

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى وَلِيدَةِ قَوْمٍ حَرَاماً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا ثُمَّ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِ

“This is a pronouncement from abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.). He (the Imam) has said, Tf a man falls upon a slave-girl of a people unlawfully, then buys her and claims her child, he cannot inherit from such a child anything. It is because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of

كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا كِتَاباً إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ‌[1].

“Once certain persons of our people with me wrote to abu Ja’far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about a man who commits the indecent act with a woman, then marries her after she becomes pregnant and gives birth to a child who of all creatures is similar to him. He (the Imam) wrote back in his handwriting the answer that said

فَقَالَ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ.

“This is a pronouncement of abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who falls upon the slave-girl of a people in an unlawful manner. He then buys her and claims her child. He (the Imam) has said, ’He cannot inherit from such child because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his fa

كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: مِيرَاثُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا لِقَرَابَاتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ عَلَى نَحْوِ

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Ash‘ariy who has narrated the following: “Once certain persons of our people with me wrote to abu Ja’far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about a man who commits the indecent act with a woman; then marries her afte

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِنَصْرَانِيَّةٍ فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ غُلَاماً فَأَقَرَّ بِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَداً غَيْرَهُ أَ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who commits the indecent act with a Christian woman; and she gives birth to a boy and he claims him to be his child; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs except that boy; if he can inherit him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can inherit him.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ يَهُودِيَّةٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثاً قَالَ فَقَالَ يُسَلَّمُ لِوَلَدِهِ الْمِيرَاثُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا غُلَاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ لِابْنِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمَةِ[3].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who commits the indecent act with a Jewish woman who gives birth; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy must be kept safe from the Jewish woman for the child.’ I then asked about a Christian man who commits the ind

أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ [وَ مَالِهِ‌] قَالَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يَطَأُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبْعَثُهَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِ وَ إِنَّهُ اتَّهَمَهَا وَ حَبِلَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ لَيْسَتْ هَذِهِ مِثْلَ تِلْكَ‌[1].

“This is about the case of a man who goes to bed with his slave-girl and sends her to do certain works for him. She becomes pregnant; he [accuses] her and receives news of her misbehaving. He (the Imam) said, ‘When she gives birth he must keep the child and must not sell him but assign for him a share from his house [a

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ الْحَمِيلُ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هَذَا ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمْ قَالَ‌ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِمُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى وِلَادَتِهِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of ( al-Hamil ) a child who is carried along. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil (carried along)? 5 1 replied, ‘A woman is taken captive. With her, there is a small child. She says that he is her child. A man is taken as a captive. He meets his brother and says th

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ حَمِيلَيْنِ جِي‌ءَ بِهِمَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الشِّرْكِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْتَ أَخِي فَعُرِفَا بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا وَ مَكَثَا مُقِرَّيْنِ بِالْإِخَاءِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا مَاتَ فَقَالَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَخِ يُصَدَّقَانِ.

‘You are my brother. 5 They then recognize each other, then they are released and they continue confirming their relationship as brothers, then one of them dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to the brother and they must be considered truthful. 555

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ الْحَمِيلُ فَقُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَرْضِهَا وَ مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هُوَ ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ يَتَعَارَفَانِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمَا فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is al-Hamil (brought from other land). He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil ? I then replied, ‘A woman is taken captive from her land. With her is a small child and she says that he is her son. A man is taken as a captive, who meets his brother and says

دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمْتُ وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ إِلَّا أَخٌ لَهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْ لَبَنِنَا أَوْ أَرْضَعَ لَنَا وَلَداً فَنَحْنُ آبَاؤُهُ‌[1].

“I once visited abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.). I offered greeting of peace and asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. What do you say about the case of a man who dies and has no other heirs except a brother who is due to breastfeeding; can he inherit him? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, my

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى عَبْداً لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ قَالَ وَلَاءُ وُلْدِهِ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a slave who has children from a free woman who has set him free. He (the Imam) said, ‘The guardianship of his children rests with one who has bought his freedom.’”

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِحَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَى ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ فَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَوْلَى ابْنَةٌ كَمَا تَرْوِي الْعَامَّةُ وَ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ أَيْضاً تَرِثُ الْوَلَاءَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَرْوِي الْعَامَّةُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a mawla of Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib died, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, gave his legacy to the daughter of Hamzah.’” Al-Hassan has said that this proves that the mawla did not have any dau

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُهُ فَابْتَاعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ كَسْبِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ إِنَّ الْمُعْتَقَ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَالًا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهُ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الرَّقَبَةُ الَّتِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي ظِهَارٍ أَوْ شُكْرٍ أَوْ وَاجِبَةً عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ الْمُعْتَقَ‌

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed the freeing of a slave but he died before freeing a slave. His son then went to buy a man from his earnings and set him free on behalf of his father; the freed man earned an asset and then died; and about to whom belongs his legacy? He (the Imam) said, ‘

لَا يُحَدُّ الصَّبِيُّ إِذَا وَقَعَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ وَ يُحَدُّ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الصَّبِيَّةِ.

Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Aban, Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘The young boy would not be penalised (by the Penalty ( Hadd )) if he were to fall upon a woman, and the man would be penalised (by the Penalty ( Hadd )) when he falls upon the young child’.

أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مُجِحٌّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌[1] فَقَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي زَنَيْتُ فَطَهِّرْنِي طَهَّرَكَ اللَّهُ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا أَيْسَرُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْآخِرَةِ الَّذِي لَا يَنْقَطِعُ فَقَالَ لَهَا مِمَّا أُطَهِّرُكِ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي زَنَيْتُ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَ وَ ذَاتُ بَعْلٍ أَنْتِ أَمْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكِ فَقَالَتْ بَلْ ذَاتُ بَعْلٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَ فَحَاضِراً كَانَ بَعْلُكِ إِذْ فَعَل

Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, form Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer, from Imran Bin Maysam, or Salih Bin Maysam, from his father who said, ‘A woman came over to Amir Al-Momineen asws , so she said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen asws ! I have committed adultery, so purify me, may Allah azwj Purify you asws

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي ذَاتَ مَحْرَمٍ قَالَ يُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ. - قَالَ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنِي حَرِيزٌ عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ بِذَلِكَ.

Ibn Bukeyr said, ‘Hareyz narrated to me, from Bukeyr, with that’. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Salim, from one of our companions, from Al Hakam Bin Muskeyn, from Jameel who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah asws , ‘The man comes to a Mahram , where should he be struck with the sword?’ He asws said: ‘His throat’.

أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِرَجُلٍ وَ امْرَأَةٍ قَدْ لَاطَ زَوْجُهَا بِابْنِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَ ثَقَبَهُ وَ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ الشُّهُودُ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَضُرِبَ بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ وَ ضُرِبَ الْغُلَامُ دُونَ الْحَدِّ وَ قَالَ أَمَا لَوْ كُنْتَ مُدْرِكاً لَقَتَلْتُكَ لِإِمْكَانِكَ إِيَّاهُ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ بِثَقْبِكَ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Bakr Bin Salih, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy, Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘They came to Amir Al-Momineen asws with a man and a woman, her husband had sodomised her son who was from other than him and had penetrated him, and witnessed had test

بَيْنَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي مَلَإٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي قَدْ أَوْقَبْتُ عَلَى غُلَامٍ فَطَهِّرْنِي فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا هَذَا امْضِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِكَ لَعَلَّ مِرَاراً هَاجَ بِكَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ غَدٍ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي أَوْقَبْتُ عَلَى غُلَامٍ فَطَهِّرْنِي فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا هَذَا امْضِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِكَ لَعَلَّ م

ع َلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ بَيْنَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فِي مَلَإٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي قَدْ أَوْقَبْتُ عَلَى غُلَا