قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِابْنَتِهِ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ لِلْأُخْتِ فَرِيضَةً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْءٌ فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهَا فَقَدْ خَالَفَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ كَذَلِ
نَشَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صَحِيفَةً فَأَوَّلُ مَا تَلَقَّانِي فِيهَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ[2] فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ بِشَيْءٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), made a book available to the public. I found in it that the son of a brother and a grandfather share a legacy in equal shares. I said, ‘I pray to All
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ ابْنَ الْأَخِ[1] مَعَ الْجَدِّ مِيرَاثَ أَبِيهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), would make the son of a brother to inherit the share of his father with a grandfather.’”
أَنَّ ابْنَ الْأَخِ يُقَاسِمُ الْجَدَّ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that Jabir narrated to me from the Messenger of Allah (saww) and he [Jabir] did not lie, that the son of a brother distributes the legacy with a grandfather.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَ جَدٍّ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is half and half.’”
نَظَرْتُ إِلَى صَحِيفَةٍ يَنْظُرُ فِيهَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوباً ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ بِهَذَا الْقَضَاءِ وَ لَا يَجْعَلُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع مِنْ فِيهِ بِيَدِهِ.
“I once looked in a book in which abu Ja‘far (a.s.), was looking and I read therein that a son of a brother and grandfather share the legacy in equal ratios. I then said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘People around us do not judge with such judgment and they do not give to a son of a brother anything with a grandfather.’ Abu J
سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع أَوْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع[3] وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ يُجْعَلُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ.
“I once heard a man asking abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, when I was with him (the Imam), about the son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy is made half and half between the two of them.’”
فِي بَنَاتِ أُخْتٍ وَ جَدٍّ فَقَالَ لِبَنَاتِ الْأُخْتِ الثُّلُثُ[4] وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْجَدِّ فَأَقَامَ بَنَاتِ الْأُخْتِ مَقَامَ الْأُخْتِ وَ جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ.
“About the case of daughters of a sister and a grandfather, abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The daughter of a sister receives one-third and the rest is for the grandfather; the daughters of the sister take the place of the sister and have made the grandfather like a brother.”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مُمْلَكَةٍ[5] لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ أُمَّهَا وَ أَخَوَيْنِ لَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا وَ أُمِّهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا وَ زَوْجَهَا قَالَ يُعْطَى الزَّوْجُ النِّصْفَ وَ تُعْطَى الْأُمُّ الْبَاقِيَ وَ لَا يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ شَيْئاً لِأَنَّ ابْنَتَهُ حَجَبَتْهُ عَنِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ لَا يُعْطَى الْإِخْوَةُ شَيْئاً.
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from al-Hassan ibn Salih who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who is married, but before going to bed with her
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع[1] عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ عَمَّهُ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ حَجَبَ الْأَبُ الْجَدَّ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَمِّ وَ لَا لِلْجَدِّ شَيْءٌ.
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his father, his uncle and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The father bars
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا أَوْ جَدَّهَا أَوْ جَدَّتَهَا كَيْفَ يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَيْضاً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّ وَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ.
10. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith and Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah all from Ibrahim from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked that a woman has died leaving behind her husband, her parents or her grandfather or her grandmother; h
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother with one-sixth.’”
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأَبِ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنُهَا حَيٌّ وَ أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ.
Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother, mother of the father, one-sixth when his son was alive and provided for the grandmother, mother of the mother, one-sixth when her daug
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا شَيْئاً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother one-sixth but did not sanction anything for her.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ طُعْمَةً.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother one-sixth as food.’”
دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عِنْدَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي هَلَكَتْ وَ أُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانٌ لَيْسَ لِأُمِّكَ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَعْطِهَا السُّدُسَ.
“I once visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when Aban ibn Taghlib was with him (the Imam) and I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, my daughter has died and my mother is alive.’ Aban said, ‘There is nothing for your mother.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, give her one-sixth.’”
إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعُ جَدَّاتٍ ثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ وَ ثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ طُرِحَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ فَكَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْدَادٍ أُسْقِطَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ وَ كَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ. هَذَا قَدْ رُوِيَ وَ هِيَ أَخْبَارٌ صَحِيحَةٌ- إِلَّا أَنَّ إِجْمَاعَ الْعِصَابَةِ أَنّ
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ خَالَهُ وَ خَالَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ وَ عَمَّتَهُ وَ ابْنَهُ وَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَخَاهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ يَرِثُونَ[1] وَ يَحُوزُونَ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْعَمَّةُ وَ الْخَالَةُ فَلِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ.
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a maternal uncle, maternal aunt, paternal uncle, paternal aunt, his son, his daughter, his br
قَالَ: إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَ خَالَتَهُ فَلِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنْ تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ عَمَّيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ الْآخَرُ لِأَبٍ فَالْمَالُ لِلْعَمِّ الَّذِي لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَعْمَاماً وَ عَمَّاتٍ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَخْوَالًا وَ خَالاتٍ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمُ
كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَوْلًى لَكَ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ بِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُهُ يَقُولُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ لِي فَهُوَ لِمَوْلَايَ فَمَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهَا وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ أَمَّا إِحْدَاهُمَا فَبِبَغْدَادَ وَ لَا أَعْرِفُ لَهَا مَوْضِعاً السَّاعَةَ وَ الْأُخْرَى بِقُمَّ فَمَا الَّذِي تَأْمُرُنِي فِي هَذِهِ الْمِائَةِ
“Once Muhammad ibn Hamzah al-‘Alawiy wrote to abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), and asked, ‘One of your Mawla made a will to me about a hundred dirham and I heard him say, ‘Everything that belongs to me is for my Mawla.’ He died and left it but did not instruct to give anything from it. He has two women of whom one is in B
مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ تَرِكَةِ زَوْجِهَا مِنْ تُرْبَةِ دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ الطُّوبُ[3] وَ الْخَشَبُ قِيمَةً فَتُعْطَى رُبُعَهَا أَوْ ثُمُنَهَا إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ قِيمَةِ الطُّوبِ وَ الْجُذُوعِ وَ الْخَشَبِ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah, Bukayr, Fudayl, Burayd and Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, and certain ones of them has narrated from abu ‘ Abd Allah, and others have narrated who has narrated the following:
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ أَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ نَصِيبُهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لِهَذِهِ الثُّمُنُ وَ لِهَذِهِ الرُّبُعُ مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of women and their share of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can have their share from the value of bricks, building, wood and reeds, but they cannot inherit land and real property.’ I asked about clothes. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can inherit from clothes.’ I t
سَأَلَنِي هَلْ يَقْضِي ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى بِالْقَضَاءِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي مَتَاعِ الرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذْ مَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَادَّعَاهُ وَرَثَةُ الْحَيِّ وَ وَرَثَةُ الْمَيِّتِ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا الرَّجُلُ فَادَّعَاهُ الرَّجُلُ وَ ادَّعَتْهُ النِّسَاءُ بِأَرْبَعِ قَضِيَّاتٍ فَقَالَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ فَقُلْتُ أَمَّا أُولَيهُنَّ فَقَضَى فِيهِ بِقَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيّ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘Does ibn abu Layla 5 reverse his judgments? 5 I replied, ‘I have come to know that he issued a judgment about the assets of man and woman when one of them died and the living heirs claim it as well as the heirs of the dead, or when she is divorced then the men claim it as well as
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ أَرْبَعَ نِسْوَةٍ فِي عَقْدَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ مُهُورُهُنَّ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لَهُ وَ لَهُنَّ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ هُوَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْبُلْدَانِ فَطَلَّقَ وَاحِدَةً مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِ وَ أَشْهَدَ عَلَى طَلَاقِهَا قَوْماً مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ وَ هُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْمَرْأَةَ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who has married four women in one marriage contract or that he said in one session with different amounts of mahr (dower) for each one. He (the Imam) said, ’It is permissible for them.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he travels to a different town and divorces on
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ ابْناً لَهُ مُدْرِكاً مِنْ يَتِيمَةٍ فِي حَجْرِهِ قَالَ تَرِثُهُ إِنْ مَاتَ وَ لَا يَرِثُهَا لِأَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ وَ لَا خِيَارَ عَلَيْهَا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his mature son with an orphan girl in his custody. He (the Imam) said, ‘She will inherit him if he dies because she has the choice to approve or disapprove the marriage after she becomes mature and there is no choice against her.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يُزَوَّجُ الصَّبِيَّةَ هَلْ يَتَوَارَثَانِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا [هُمَا] اللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child who marries a female child; if they inherit each other. He (the Imam) said, ‘If their fathers are the ones who have arranged their marriage then they inherit.’ I then asked, ‘Is their divorce by father permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permis
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةَ أُخْتٍ لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ مَوَالِيَ وَ لَهُ عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهَا أَحَدٌ فَجَاءَتِ ابْنَةُ أُخْتِهِ فَرَهَنَتْ عِنْدِي مُصْحَفاً فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حِينَ قُلْتُ لَهُ عَلِمَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهَا قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً وَ لَا
“A man asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who dies leaving behind the daughter of his sister and slaves. He has left one thousand dirham with him about which no one knows anything. The daughter of his sister came and left a holy book with him as a security deposit. He gave her thirty dirham. I heard abu ‘Abd
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالْيَمَنِ فِي قَوْمٍ انْهَدَمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ دَارٌ لَهُمْ فَبَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا مَمْلُوكٌ وَ الْآخَرُ حُرٌّ فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا فَجَعَلَ الْمَالَ لَهُ وَ أَعْتَقَ الْآخَرَ.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that Amir al- Mu’minin issued a judgment in Yemen about a people on whom a house had collapsed and only two children were left, of whom one was owned and the other was free. He (the Imam) by means of raffle gave the assets to the one whos
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي بَيْتٍ سَقَطَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ وَ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا حُرٌّ وَ الْآخَرُ مَمْلُوكٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفِ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُقْرَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to abu Hanifah, ‘O abu Hanifah, what do you say about the case of a people who all die because of the fall of a house? Only two children remain, of whom one is free and the other is a slave of his companion but it is not known which is which’ Abu Hanifah said, ‘One-half of this and one
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح
“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th
لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَلَدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَكِنْ يَكُونُ الْمِيرَاثُ لِوَرَثَةِ الْقَاتِلِ.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘A man who kills his son or father cannot inherit from him, but the legacy is for the heirs of the killer.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجُهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ وَ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ عَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا لِأَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حِينَ طَرَحَتْهُ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً[1] تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who takes medicine when pregnant without informing her husband, and miscarries her child. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If the child had grown bones and flesh then the wergild is due on her which she must pay to the father; but if the mis
لَا يُقْتَلُ الرَّجُلُ بِوَلَدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ يُقْتَلُ الْوَلَدُ بِوَالِدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man is not executed because of killing his son but a son is executed because of killing his father; and a man cannot inherit from his father after killing him even if it is by mistake.’”
إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ أَبُوهُ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ بِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَ ابْنَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ فِي ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ تَأْدِيبَهُ فَقُتِلَ الِابْنُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الضَّرْبِ وَرِثَهُ الْأَبُ وَ لَمْ تَلْزَمْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ مَأْمُورٌ بِتَأْدِيبِ وَلَدِهِ لِأَنَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يُقِ
10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one kills his father, he is executed for him; but if his father kills him the father is not executed for his son’s murder, however he cannot
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ- النَّصْرَانِيُّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ ابْنٌ مُسْلِمٌ أَ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا عِزّاً فَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا.
“I once said to abu Ja’far, Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if a Christian man dies and has a Muslim son, can he inherit from him?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, through al-Islam has increased his honor, so we inherit from them but th
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ ابْنُ أُخْتٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوْلَادٌ وَ زَوْجَةٌ نَصَارَى قَالَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who has died. The son of his brother is a Muslim and a son of his sister is a Muslim. The Christian man has children and a Christian wife. He (the Imam) said, ’Two-thirds of his legacy must be given to the son of his brother. One-third must be give
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وُلْدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْل
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who has died and his mother is a Christian. He has a wife and Muslim children. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his mother becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed, she receives one-sixth.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he does not have a wife and childre
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذِمِّيّاً أَسْلَمَ وَ أَبُوهُ حَيٌّ وَ لِأَبِيهِ وَلَدٌ غَيْرُهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْأَبُ وَرِثَهُ الْمُسْلِمُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا امْرَأَتُهُ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِ شَيْئاً.
“’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ’If a Dhimmiy (taxpayer) becomes a Muslim when his father is living who has children besides him, then the father dies, the Muslim inherits all of his legacy and his other children and wife do not inherit anything with a Muslim.’”
فِي يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ مُسْلِمُونَ وَ أَوْلَادٌ غَيْرُ مُسْلِمِينَ[1] فَقَالَ هُمْ عَلَى مَوَارِيثِهِمْ[2].
“About the case of a Jew and a Christian who dies and has Muslim children and non-Muslim children, he (the Imam) said, ’The laws of inheritance apply to them.’” (Only Muslims inherit).
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرِّثُهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, about the case of a free man who dies leaving behind his mother who is owned by someone, has said that she is bought with money from the legacy of her son, then is set free and then she is made to inherit him.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ ابْنٌ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ يُشْتَرَى وَ يُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ مَا بَقِيَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘His son is bought, set free and the rest of the legacy is given to him.’”
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرِّثُهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a free man who dies and leaves behind his mother who is owned by someone, Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘She is bought with the legacy of her son, then is set free and made to inherit her son.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا كَثِيراً وَ تَرَكَ أُمّاً مَمْلُوكَةً وَ أُخْتاً مَمْلُوكَةً[1] قَالَ تُشْتَرَيَانِ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقَانِ وَ تُوَرَّثَانِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَبَى أَهْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ يُقَوَّمَانِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى مَا لَهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْقِيمَةِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمَا اشْتُرِيَا ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a large amount of assets, a mother and a sister who are owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are bought with the assets of the deceased, set free and made to inherit him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the people of the slave-g
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيٍّ ع فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ بِنْتَيْنِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَيْنِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ. : قَالَ الْفَضْلُ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَإِنْ أَبَى مَوْلَى الْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ وَ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يُجْبَرُ عَلَيْهِ قِيلَ نَعَمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ وَ هَذَا حُكْمٌ
يَرِثُهُ ابْنُ ابْنِهَا الْحُرُّ. بَابٌ
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Mehzam who has narrated the following: “About the case of a slave who is a Muslim and has a Christian mother and a free son, it was asked what happens if the mother of the slave dies leaving a certain amount of asse
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ انْطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَاشْتَرَى أُمَّهُ وَ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنِّي أَشْتَرِيكِ وَ أُعْتِقُكِ فَإِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُكِ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ فَوَرِثْتِهِ أَعْطِينِي نِصْفَ مَا تَرِثِينَ عَلَى أَنْ تُعْطِينِي بِذَلِكِ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَهْدَ رَسُولِهِ فَرَضِيَتْ بِذَلِكَ فَأَعْطَتْهُ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَهْد
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a mother who was owned by someone. When it was the time of his death a certain person of our people went and bought his mother. He set the condition that he buys her and sets her free; if after the death of her son so and so, son of so and so, when she wi
إِنْ كَانَ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ رَجَعَ ابْنُهُ مَمْلُوكاً وَ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ أَدَّى ابْنُهُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ وَرِثَ مَا بَقِيَ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby and Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding a contracted man who died and had paid off some of his contracted amount, and for him was a son from his slave girl. He asws said: ‘If there was a condition up
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُكَاتَبٍ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ مُكَاتَبَتَهُ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا وَ وَلَداً قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ سَيِّدُهُ حِينَ كَاتَبَهُ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَجْمٍ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ فِي الرِّقِّ وَ كَانَ قَدْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَجْمٍ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ وَ ابْنُهُ رَدٌّ فِي الرِّقِّ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ قَبْلَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ كَاتَبَهُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Malik Bin Atiyya who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws was asked about a contracted man who died and had not paid off his contractual amount, and left wealth and children. He asws said: ‘If his maste
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ يُؤَدِّي بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً لَهُ مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ صَارَ ابْنُهُ مَعَ أُمِّهِ مَمْلُوكَيْنِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ صَارَ ابْنُهُ حُرّاً وَ أَدَّى إِلَى الْمَوَالِي بَقِيَّةَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ وَ وَرِثَ ابْنُهُ مَا بَقِيَ.
Humeyd Bin ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Humran, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a contracted slave who had paid off some of his contractual amount, then died, and left a son of his from his slave girl. He asws said: ‘If ther
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقُولُ يُجْعَلُ مَالُهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Aban, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ) regarding a contracted slave who died and he had paid off something from his contracted amount, and left wealth, and for him were two free chil