Wealth & Money

بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ وُلْدُ الْوَلَدِ أَبَداً يَقُومُونَ مَقَامَ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدُ الصُّلْبِ [وَ] لَا يَرِثُ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ا

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side keep the place of their mother if the deceased does not leave behind other daughters and there is no other heir besides them. Daughters of one’s son take the place of their father if the deceased does not leave behind a son and no one else inheri

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ قَالَ يَا شَيْخُ تُرِيدُ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْأَخُ لَا يَرِثُ شَيْئاً قَالَ قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his mother and brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘O Shaykh, do you want the answer according to the book?’ He (the narrator) has said that I said, ‘Yes, I want it according to the book.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali (a.s.), would give the legacy to th

أَقْرَأَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع صَحِيفَةَ كِتَابِ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي هِيَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع بِيَدِهِ فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُمَّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ سَهْماً فَهُوَ لِلْأُمِّ قَالَ وَ قَرَأْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَ

“Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), made me read the page of the book of ordained shares. It was according to the dictation of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and with the handwriting of Ali (a.s.). I found in it this, ’If a deceased leaves beh

وَجَدْتُ فِي صَحِيفَةِ الْفَرَائِضِ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ فَلِلِابْنَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ جُزْءَيْنِ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ.

“I found in the book of ordained shares that if a deceased leaves behind his daughter and both parents, the share of the daughter are three shares and the parents each receives one share. The legacy is made in five parts of which three are for the daughter and two for the parents, one share each.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ مَا أَجِدُ أَحَداً قَالَ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِرَأْيِهِ إِلَّا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا قَالَ فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ غَداً فَالْقَنِي حَتَّى أُقْرِئَكَهُ فِي كِتَابٍ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ حَدِّثْنِي فَإِنَّ حَدِيثَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تُقْرِئَنِيهِ فِي كِتَابٍ فَقَالَ لِيَ الثَّانِيَةَ اسْمَعْ مَا أَقُولُ لَ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not find anyone who has spoken about it but that they have spoken out of their opinion except ’ Amir al- Mu’minin (a.s.). I then asked, T pray to Allah to keep you well, what has ’ Amir al- Mu’minin said about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘To

هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ. " قَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا لِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ‌ مَا بَقِيَ وَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ ه

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband, her mother and father, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is distributed from six shares, one-half, three shares for the husband, one-third, two shares for the mother and one-sixth is for the father.’ “Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan in this issue has said, ‘Of the proof

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنَّا قَدِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَى هَذَا وَ الْمَيِّتُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّاسِ وَ أُخْتُهُ مُؤْمِنَةٌ عَارِفَةٌ قَالَ فَخُذِ النِّصْفَ لَهَا خُذُوا مِنْهُمْ كَمَا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْكُمْ‌[2] فِي سُنَّتِهِمْ وَ قَضَايَاهُمْ قَالَ اب

“Zurarah has said that al-‘Ammah (non-Shi‘ah) in their rules, decisions and ordained shares say something on consensus which is authoritative and binding upon them. In the case of a deceased who leaves behind his daughter or two daughters and his brother from his father and mother or his sister from his father and moth

سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ أُخْتَيْنِ وَ زَوْجٍ فَقَالَ النِّصْفُ وَ النِّصْفُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ قَدْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ لَهُمَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا لَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي أَخٍ وَ زَوْجٍ فَقَالَ النِّصْفُ وَ النِّصْفُ فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ الْمَالَ فَقَالَ‌ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَها وَلَدٌ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُس

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ بُكَيْراً حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ لِأَنَّهُنَّ لَا يَكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ نَصِيباً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ لَوْ كَانُوا مَكَانَهُنَ‌[2] لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها

“I once said to Zurarah that ibn Bukayr has narrated to me from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that the shares of brothers from the father and sisters from father and mother increase and decrease. It is because their shares are not greater than the share of brothers and sisters from father and mother if they were in their place. A

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِابْنَتِهِ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ لِلْأُخْتِ فَرِيضَةً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ‌ فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهَا فَقَدْ خَالَفَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ كَذَلِ

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ يَصِيرُ مِثْلَ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَلَغُوا قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَوْ قُلْتُ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ فَلَهُ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَ

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘ Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘The grandfather with brothers from the father’s side become like one of the brothers regardless of how many they are.’ He (the narrator) has said that I asked, ‘A man has left his brother from his mother and father and his grandfather’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَ لَوْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةً كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مَا يُصِيبُ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَهُ فَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَلِلْجَدِّ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ النِّصْفُ قَالَ وَ إ

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his father and mother

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a brother from a father and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is distributed in equal shares.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ قَالَ يُعْطَى الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ الْبَاقِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَخُ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his mother. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not left other heirs besides him the legacy belongs to him.’ I then asked about a brother from a mother with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘One-sixth must be given to the broth

نَشَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صَحِيفَةً فَأَوَّلُ مَا تَلَقَّانِي فِيهَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[2] فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), made a book available to the public. I found in it that the son of a brother and a grandfather share a legacy in equal shares. I said, ‘I pray to All

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَ جَدٍّ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is half and half.’”

نَظَرْتُ إِلَى صَحِيفَةٍ يَنْظُرُ فِيهَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوباً ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ بِهَذَا الْقَضَاءِ وَ لَا يَجْعَلُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع مِنْ فِيهِ بِيَدِهِ.

“I once looked in a book in which abu Ja‘far (a.s.), was looking and I read therein that a son of a brother and grandfather share the legacy in equal ratios. I then said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘People around us do not judge with such judgment and they do not give to a son of a brother anything with a grandfather.’ Abu J

سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع أَوْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌[3] وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ يُجْعَلُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ.

“I once heard a man asking abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, when I was with him (the Imam), about the son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy is made half and half between the two of them.’”

إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعُ جَدَّاتٍ ثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ وَ ثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ طُرِحَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ فَكَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْدَادٍ أُسْقِطَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ وَ كَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ. هَذَا قَدْ رُوِيَ وَ هِيَ أَخْبَارٌ صَحِيحَةٌ- إِلَّا أَنَّ إِجْمَاعَ الْعِصَابَةِ أَنّ

أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ‌ الْمَالُ بَيْنَ الْخَالَتَيْنِ

“About the case of a man who dies leaving behind his two maternal aunts and relatives, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Relatives have priorities over each other. The legacy belongs to the two maternal aunts.”’

قَالَ: إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَ خَالَتَهُ فَلِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنْ تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ عَمَّيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ الْآخَرُ لِأَبٍ فَالْمَالُ لِلْعَمِّ الَّذِي لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَعْمَاماً وَ عَمَّاتٍ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَخْوَالًا وَ خَالاتٍ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمُ

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَدَعَا بِالْجَامِعَةِ فَنَظَرْنَا فِيهَا فَإِذَا فِيهَا امْرَأَةٌ هَلَكَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا لَا وَارِثَ لَهَا غَيْرُهُ لَهُ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ.

“I once was with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he (the Imam) asked for al-Jami‘ah (the renown book of Ali (a.s.) ). We looked in it and found this case: ‘If a woman dies leaving behind just her husband and no other heirs, the entire legacy belongs to him (the husband).”’

الْمَالُ لِلزَّوْجِ يَعْنِي إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُ. - عَنْهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.

“About the case of a woman who dies leaving behind just her husband, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The entire legacy belongs to him (the husband) if no other heirs exist.’” It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir a similar Hadith.

الْمَالُ لِلزَّوْجِ يَعْنِي إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُ.

“About the case of a woman who dies leaving behind just her husband, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The entire legacy belongs to him (the husband) if no other heirs exist.’”

قُلْتُ امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا قَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قَالَ مَعْنَاهُ لَا وَارِثَ لَهَا غَيْرُهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who dies and leaves behind just her husband. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to him.’ He said, ‘It means that there are no other heirs besides the husband.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ هَلَكَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا قَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلزَّوْجِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who dies leaving behind her husband. He (the Imam) said, ‘All of her asset belongs to her husband.’”

قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي الْفَرَائِضِ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا قَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلزَّوْجِ وَ رَجُلٌ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْإِمَامِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once read for me (from the book) on the issue of ordained shares of inheritance the following: ‘A woman dies and leaves behind her husband,’ he (the Imam) said, ‘The entire legacy belongs to him. If a man dies and leaves behind his wife, he (the Imam) said that one- fourth belongs to her and the res

النِّسَاءُ لَا يَرِثْنَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَا مِنَ الْعَقَارِ شَيْئاً[2].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Women do not inherit from land and real property anything.’”

‌ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ زَوْجُهَا مِنَ الْقُرَى وَ الدُّورِ وَ السِّلَاحِ وَ الدَّوَابِّ شَيْئاً-[3] وَ تَرِثُ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَ الْفُرُشِ وَ الثِّيَابِ وَ مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَ يُقَوَّمُ النِّقْضُ‌[1] وَ الْأَبْوَابُ وَ الْجُذُوعُ وَ الْقَصَبُ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ‌[2].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman does not inherit anything of the towns, houses, arms and stumper that her husband leaves behind; but she inherits from assets, furnishings, clothes, household items which he has left and the broken homes, doors, branches and reeds must be appraised to pay her right thereof.’”

مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ تَرِكَةِ زَوْجِهَا مِنْ تُرْبَةِ دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ الطُّوبُ‌[3] وَ الْخَشَبُ قِيمَةً فَتُعْطَى رُبُعَهَا أَوْ ثُمُنَهَا إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ قِيمَةِ الطُّوبِ وَ الْجُذُوعِ وَ الْخَشَبِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah, Bukayr, Fudayl, Burayd and Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, and certain ones of them has narrated from abu ‘ Abd Allah, and others have narrated who has narrated the following:

لَا تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ عَقَارِ الْأَرْضِ شَيْئاً.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Women do not inherit from the real property or land anything.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ تَرِثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الطُّوبِ وَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنَ الرِّبَاعِ شَيْئاً قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ تَرِثُ مِنَ الْفَرْعِ وَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ لِي لَيْسَ لَهَا مِنْهُمْ نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِيلٌ عَلَيْهِمْ فَتَرِثُ مِنَ الْفَرْعِ وَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ دَاخِلٌ بِسَبَبِهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman inherits from bricks but does not inherit from residence anything.’ I then asked, ‘How is it that she inherits from branches but not from the roots?’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘She does not have lineage because of which she can inherit. She is an addition to them thus she inhe

لَا تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ عَقَارِ الدُّورِ شَيْئاً وَ لَكِنْ يُقَوَّمُ الْبِنَاءُ وَ الطُّوبُ وَ تُعْطَى ثُمُنَهَا أَوْ رُبُعَهَا قَالَ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ لِئَلَّا يَتَزَوَّجْنَ النِّسَاءُ فَيُفْسِدْنَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Women do not inherit from real property or houses anything but the building and bricks must be appraised to give one-eighth or one-fourth thereof to her.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is because women may get married and thus spoil the legacy for the heirs.’”

إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ الْخَشَبِ وَ الطُّوبِ كَيْلَا يَتَزَوَّجْنَ فَيَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الْمَوَارِيثِ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ‌[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The women’s share of legacy is sanctioned to be from the value of wood and brick of the house only, so that she after getting married will not spoil the legacy of the heirs.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ النِّسَاءِ هَلْ يَرِثْنَ الْأَرْضَ فَقَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يَرِثْنَ قِيمَةَ الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ لَا يَرْضَوْنَ بِذَا فَقَالَ إِذَا وُلِّينَا فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ بِالسَّوْطِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقِيمُوا ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of women if they inherit from land. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, but they inherit from the value of the building.’ I then said, ‘People do not agree with it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When we become in authority, if they did not agree, we will whip them and if they did not be

لَيْسَ لِلنِّسَاءِ مِنَ الدُّورِ وَ الْعَقَارِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Women do not receive anything from houses and real property.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ لَا يَرِثْنَ مِنْ رِبَاعِ الْأَرْضِ‌ شَيْئاً وَ لَكِنْ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْخَشَبِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ لَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِهَذَا فَقَالَ إِذَا وُلِّينَاهُمْ ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ بِالسَّوْطِ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا وَ إِلَّا ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Women do not inherit from the land or the house anything, however, they can have their share from the value of bricks and wood.’ He (the narrator) has said that I said to him (the Imam), ‘People do not follow it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When we become in authority, we will whip t

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ أَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ نَصِيبُهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لِهَذِهِ الثُّمُنُ وَ لِهَذِهِ الرُّبُعُ مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of women and their share of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can have their share from the value of bricks, building, wood and reeds, but they cannot inherit land and real property.’ I asked about clothes. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can inherit from clothes.’ I t

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ مَوْلَاهُ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He asked to ascertain if he has left any relatives. It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the legacy of his slave who had died, then gave them the rest of the legacy.”’

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“A slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He said, ‘You must look if you can find his heirs.’ It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the assets of the deceased and gave the rest of legacy to them.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْتٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مُجْتَمِعِينَ فَلَا يُدْرَى أَيُّهُمْ مَاتَ قَبْلُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً قَالَ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَ قُلْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا مَوْلَايَ وَ الْآخَرُ مَوْلًى لِرَجُلٍ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ الْآخَرُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَغَرِقَا فَلَمْ يُدْرَ أَي

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about a people on whom a house falls and they all die. It is not known who has died first. He (the Imam) said, ‘They all inherit each other.’ I then said, ‘Abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced?’ I said, ‘Two men who were

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ امْرَأَةٌ سَقَطَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْبَيْتُ فَمَاتَا قَالَ يُوَرَّثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَدْ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي هَذَا شَيْئاً قَالَ وَ أَيَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُلْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ أَعْجَمِيَّيْنِ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا وَارِثٌ إِلَّا مَوَالِيهِمَا أَحَدُهُمَا لَهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ وَ الْآخَرُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man and a woman on whom a wall falls and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘The man inherits from the woman and the woman inherits from the man.’ I then said that abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced in i

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالْيَمَنِ فِي قَوْمٍ انْهَدَمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ دَارٌ لَهُمْ فَبَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا مَمْلُوكٌ وَ الْآخَرُ حُرٌّ فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا فَجَعَلَ الْمَالَ لَهُ وَ أَعْتَقَ الْآخَرَ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that Amir al- Mu’minin issued a judgment in Yemen about a people on whom a house had collapsed and only two children were left, of whom one was owned and the other was free. He (the Imam) by means of raffle gave the assets to the one whos

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي بَيْتٍ سَقَطَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ وَ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا حُرٌّ وَ الْآخَرُ مَمْلُوكٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفِ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُقْرَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to abu Hanifah, ‘O abu Hanifah, what do you say about the case of a people who all die because of the fall of a house? Only two children remain, of whom one is free and the other is a slave of his companion but it is not known which is which’ Abu Hanifah said, ‘One-half of this and one

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح

“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ وَ يَتْرُكُ دَيْناً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَيَأْخُذُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ الدِّيَةَ أَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئاً قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا أَخَذُوا دِيَتَهُ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is killed, leaving behind a debt and has left no assets but his heirs receive the wergild; if they must pay his debt. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they must do so.’ I then asked, ‘Even if he does not leave anything they must pay his debts?’ He (the Imam) sa

إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ أَبُوهُ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ بِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَ ابْنَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ فِي ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ تَأْدِيبَهُ فَقُتِلَ الِابْنُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الضَّرْبِ وَرِثَهُ الْأَبُ وَ لَمْ تَلْزَمْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ مَأْمُورٌ بِتَأْدِيبِ وَلَدِهِ لِأَنَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يُقِ

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one kills his father, he is executed for him; but if his father kills him the father is not executed for his son’s murder, however he cannot

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فِيمَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ تَرَكَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُسِمَ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ الرِّجَالِ حُظُوظَهُمْ مِنْهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from abu Hamzah who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), once issued a judgment.

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ مَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِنَّ لِلنِّسَاءِ حُظُوظَهُنَّ مِنْهُ‌[1]. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَ الْمَجُوسَ يَرِثُونَ وَ يُورَثُونَ مِيرَاثَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ الَّتِي تَجُوزُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ يَبْطُلُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ و

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), issued judgment. It was in the case of those who became Muslims and the pagans of the legacy of pagans, which was not distributed before his becoming a Muslim. It gave such men and women their shares according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunn

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرِّثُهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, about the case of a free man who dies leaving behind his mother who is owned by someone, has said that she is bought with money from the legacy of her son, then is set free and then she is made to inherit him.’”