Prayer

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَفْضَلُ قَضَاءِ النَّوَافِلِ قَضَاءُ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ صَلَاةِ النَّهَارِ بِالنَّهَارِ قُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ وَتْرَانِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أُوتِرَ وَتْرَيْنِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ فَقَالَ ع أَحَدُهُمَا قَضَاءٌ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘The best compensatory prayer for a Salah (prayer) missed is the compensatory prayer during the night for what is missed during the night and what is missed during the day is made during the day.’ I then said, ’So there will be two al-Witr in one night.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, there will

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ النَّهَارِ مَتَى يَقْضِيهَا قَالَ مَتَى مَا شَاءَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ[2].

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), once was asked about a man who has missed performing Salah (prayer) during the day. When is he required to perform the compensatory prayer for such Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ‘He can do whenever he wants. He can perform them after al-Maghrib or after al-‘Isha.”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَفُوتُهُ صَلَاةُ النَّهَارِ[3] قَالَ يُصَلِّيهَا إِنْ شَاءَ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who misses Salah (prayer) to be performed during the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can perform them whenever he wants. He can perform them after al-Maghrib or after al-‘Isha’.’”

مَرَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص بِرَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي الضُّحَى فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ فَغَمَزَ جَنْبَهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ وَ قَالَ نَحَرْتَ صَلَاةَ الْأَوَّابِينَ نَحَرَكَ اللَّهُ قَالَ فَأَتْرُكُهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ‌ أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى‌. عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى‌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ كَفَى بِإِنْكَارِ عَلِيٍّ ع نَهْياً.[4]

“’Amir al-Mu’minin once passed by a man who was performing al-Duha’ (optional Salah (prayer) at noontime before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) in Masjid of al-Kufah. He (’Amir al-Mu’minin) poked his side with his whip (handle) and said, ‘You cut the throat of the Salah (prayer) of repenting pe

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: صَلَاةُ الضُّحَى بِدْعَةٌ.

the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Salah (prayer) of al-Duha’ (optional Salah (prayer) at noontime before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) is heresy.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَضَاءِ الْوَتْرِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَقَالَ اقْضِهِ وَتْراً أَبَداً كَمَا فَاتَكَ قُلْتُ وَتْرَانِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَ لَيْسَ إِنَّمَا أَحَدُهُمَا قَضَاءٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) al-Witr after al-Dhuhr. He (the Imam) said, ‘Perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) al-Witr all the time just as it is missed.’ I then asked, ‘Can there be two al-Witr in one night?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, is not one of them a Qada’ (compens

كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقْضِي عِشْرِينَ وَتْراً فِي لَيْلَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Abu Ja‘far would perform the Qada’ (compensatory prayer) twenty al-Witr in one night.’”

إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْكَ وَتْرَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَاقْضِ ذَلِكَ كَمَا فَاتَكَ تَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ وَتْرَيْنِ بِصَلَاةٍ لِأَنَّ الْوَتْرَ الْآخِرُ لَا تُقَدِّمَنَّ شَيْئاً قَبْلَ أَوَّلِهِ الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ تَبْدَأُ إِذَا أَنْتَ قَضَيْتَ صَلَاةَ لَيْلَتِكَ ثُمَّ الْوَتْرَ قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَا يَكُونُ وَتْرَانِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ إِلَّا وَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَضَاءٌ وَ قَالَ إِنْ أَ

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘If there, upon you, is Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) two al-Witr or more, perform them as they were missed with an interval of a Salah (prayer) between each two al-Witr. It is because al-Witr is the last. You cannot perform something before its beginning. The first is what commences fir

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ النَّوَافِلِ مَا لَا يَدْرِي مَا هُوَ مِنْ كَثْرَتِهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ فَلْيُصَلِّ حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِيَ كَمْ صَلَّى مِنْ كَثْرَتِهِ فَيَكُونَ قَدْ قَضَى بِقَدْرِ عِلْمِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ شُغُلِهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ شُغُلُهُ فِي طَلَبِ مَعِيشَةٍ لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا أَوْ حَاجَةٍ لِأَخٍ مُؤْمِنٍ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man on whom there is Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) optional Salah (prayer), so much that he does not know how many because of its great number. What is he required to do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs so many that cannot say how many is performed. In this way he has pe

قَالَ: اعْلَمْ أَنَّ النَّافِلَةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْهَدِيَّةِ مَتَى مَا أُتِيَ بِهَا قُبِلَتْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Optional Salah (prayer) is like present; whenever given is accepted.’”

أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلَ ع كَانَ إِذَا اهْتَمَّ تَرَكَ النَّافِلَةَ.

“Abu al-Hassan, the first (a.s.), whenever distressed would not perform optional Salah (prayer).”

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ إِنَّ لِلْقُلُوبِ إِقْبَالًا وَ إِدْبَاراً فَإِذَا أَقْبَلَتْ فَتَنَفَّلُوا وَ إِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ.

16. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by ibn Ma’bad or someone other than him who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that the Holy prophet has said, ‘Hearts work with interest or with abhorrence. When they are interested, perform optional Salah (prayer) but

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع يَكُونُ عَلَيَّ الصَّلَاةُ النَّافِلَةُ مَتَى أَقْضِيهَا فَكَتَبَ ع أَيَّةَ سَاعَةٍ شِئْتَ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ.

‘You can perform them whenever you like, during the day or night.’”

سَأَلَ أَبُو كَهْمَسٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ نَوَافِلَهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ أَوْ يُفَرِّقُهَا فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ يُفَرِّقُهَا هَاهُنَا وَ هَاهُنَا فَإِنَّهَا تَشْهَدُ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.

“Once, abu Kahmas asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Should a man perform his optional Salah (prayer) in one or in different places?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, one should perform them here and there because they testify in one’s favor on the Day of Judgment.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع رَجُلٌ يَقْضِي شَيْئاً مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ الْخَمْسِينَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَوْ فِي مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ ص أَوْ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ أَ تُحْسَبُ لَهُ الرَّكْعَةُ عَلَى تَضَاعُفِ مَا جَاءَ عَنْ آبَائِكَ ع فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسَاجِدِ حَتَّى يُجْزِئَهُ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ رَكْعَةٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ مِائَةَ رَكْعَةٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ حَالُهُ فَوَ

“I once, wrote to abu Ja’far (a.s.), and asked about a man who performs Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) certain Salah (prayer). It is of the fifty Rak‘at and he performs it in Masjid al-Haram or Masjid of the Messenger of Allah or Masjid of al-Kufah. Are such Salah (prayer) counted in multiples as is narrated from your

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْتَعْجِلِ مَا الَّذِي يُجْزِئُهُ فِي النَّافِلَةِ قَالَ ثَلَاثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ وَ تَسْبِيحَةٌ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَ تَسْبِيحَةٌ فِي السُّجُودِ[2].

‘Three Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) for recitation, one for Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), and one for Sujud (prostrations).”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ يَقُومُ الْإِمَامُ وَ تَجِي‌ءُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَيَقُومُونَ خَلْفَهُ وَ طَائِفَةٌ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ يَقُومُ وَ يَقُومُونَ مَعَهُ‌ فَيَمْثُلُ قَائِماً[1] وَ يُصَلُّونَ هُمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ فِي مَقَامِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ وَ يَ

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about performing Salah (prayer) in fearful conditions. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam stands up and one group of his people comes and stands up behind him. The other group faces the enemy. The Imam performs one Rak‘at, then stands up and they also stand up. He remains standing but th

صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِأَصْحَابِهِ فِي غَزْوَةِ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ‌[2] صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِرْقَتَيْنِ أَقَامَ فِرْقَةً بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ وَ فِرْقَةً خَلْفَهُ فَكَبَّرَ وَ كَبَّرُوا فَقَرَأَ وَ أَنْصَتُوا وَ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعُوا وَ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ اسْتَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَائِماً[3] وَ صَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا إِلَى أَصْح

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah performed Salah (prayer) with his followers during the armed expedition at Dhat al-Riqa‘ in a fearful condition. The Messenger of Allah divided his companions in two groups. One group was made to stand up facing the enemy and the other group behind him for Sa

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنْ كُنْتَ فِي أَرْضِ مَخَافَةٍ فَخَشِيتَ لِصّاً أَوْ سَبُعاً فَصَلِّ عَلَى دَابَّتِكَ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘If you are in a land where you are afraid of thieves or beasts, perform Salah (prayer) on your stumper.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنِ الْأَسِيرِ يَأْسِرُهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَتَحْضُرُهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ الَّذِي أَسَرَهُ مِنْهَا قَالَ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is a captive of the pagans. It becomes time for Salah (prayer) and they do not allow him to perform Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘He makes gestures as gestures are made.”’

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] قُلْتُ أَكُونُ فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ فَنَنْزِلُ لِلصَّلَاةِ فِي مَوَاضِعَ فِيهَا الْأَعْرَابُ أَ نُصَلِّي الْمَكْتُوبَةَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَنَقْرَأُ أُمَّ الْكِتَابِ وَحْدَهَا أَمْ نُصَلِّي عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ فَنَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّورَةَ فَقَالَ إِذَا خِفْتَ فَصَلِّ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَ غَيْرَهَا وَ إِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْحَمْدَ وَ سُورَةً أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ وَ لَا أَرَى بِالَّذِي

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about my traveling between Makkah and al-Madinah and in the time of Salah (prayer), we disembark where Arabs are found. Can we perform the obligatory Salah (prayer) on the ground and recite just al-Fatihah, or perform it when riding and recite al-Fatihah al-Kitab and Surah (chapter)

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجالًا أَوْ رُكْباناً[3] كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي وَ مَا يَقُولُ إِذَا خَافَ مِنْ سَبُعٍ أَوْ لِصٍّ كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي قَالَ يُكَبِّرُ وَ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً بِرَأْسِهِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . if you are afraid then it is on foot or riding. . . .’(2:240), ‘How is this Salah (prayer) performed and what do you say if one is afraid of beasts or thieves?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He says Takbir (Allah is great beyond

إِذَا جَالَتِ الْخَيْلُ تَضْطَرِبُ السُّيُوفُ أَجْزَأَهُ تَكْبِيرَتَانِ فَهَذَا تَقْصِيرٌ آخَرُ[5].

‘When horses roam and swords shake, two Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) are sufficient for him and this is another reduction.”’

فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ عِنْدَ الْمُطَارَدَةِ وَ الْمُنَاوَشَةِ[6] يُصَلِّي كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ بِالْإِيمَاءِ حَيْثُ كَانَ وَجْهُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُسَايَفَةُ وَ الْمُعَانَقَةُ وَ تَلَاحُمُ الْقِتَالِ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص صَلَّى لَيْلَةَ صِفِّينَ وَ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ الْهَرِيرِ[1] لَمْ تَكُنْ صَلَاتُهُمُ الظُّهْرُ وَ الْعَصْرُ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْعِشَاءُ عِنْدَ وَقْتِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا التَّكْبِيرَ

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah and Fudayl and Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about performing Salah (prayer) in frightening conditions during pursuits and the skirmishes, has said, ‘Every one of them per

سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ أَقَلَّ مَا يُجْزِئُ فِي حَدِّ الْمُسَايَفَةِ مِنَ التَّكْبِيرِ تَكْبِيرَتَانِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّ لَهَا ثَلَاثاً.

“I have heard from certain persons of our people saying that the minimum recitation when swords are at work is two Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) for every Salah (prayer) except that there are three Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) for al-Maghrib.”

فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ تُنْقَصُ مِنْهُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ.

“About the word of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘It is permissible for you to reduce of Salah (prayer) if you fear that the unbelievers may create mischief for you,’ (4:101), abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Two Rak‘at becomes one Rak‘at.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[4] عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْقِتَالِ فَقَالَ إِذَا الْتَقَوْا فَاقْتَتَلُوا فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ حِينَئِذٍ التَّكْبِيرُ وَ إِنْ كَانُوا وُقُوفاً[5] لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى الْجَمَاعَةِ فَالصَّلَاةُ إِيمَاءٌ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about Salah (prayer) during fighting. He (the Imam) said, ‘If they meet (the armies) and kill each other, then Salah (prayer) in such time is Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), but if they are standing and are not able to overpower the group, then it is in the form of gestu

قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْمُوَاقِفُ‌[1] عَلَى وُضُوءٍ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى النُّزُولِ قَالَ يَتَيَمَّمُ مِنْ لِبْدِهِ أَوْ سَرْجِهِ أَوْ مَعْرَفَةِ دَابَّتِهِ‌[2] فَإِنَّ فِيهَا غُبَاراً وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يَجْعَلُ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ وَ لَا يَدُورُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَ لَكِنْ أَيْنَمَا دَارَتْ دَابَّتُهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ بِأَوَّلِ تَكْبِيرَةٍ حِين

6. Muhammad has narrated from Ahmad from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Once, I asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a soldier who does not have Wudu’ and what is he required to do when he is not able to dismount? He (the Imam) said, ‘He can make Tayammum on his pad, saddle or mane of

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَلْقَى السَّبُعَ وَ قَدْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْمَشْيَ مَخَافَةَ السَّبُعِ فَإِنْ قَامَ يُصَلِّي خَافَ فِي رُكُوعِهِ وَ سُجُودِهِ السَّبُعَ وَ السَّبُعُ أَمَامَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَإِنْ تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ خَافَ أَنْ يَثِبَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَسَدُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ الْأَسَدَ وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يُومِئُ بِرَأْسِهِ إِيمَاءً وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ وَ

“I once asked my brother, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about one who faces a beast and it is time for Salah (prayer). He is not able to walk, because of fear from the beast. If he stands up he fears to perform Ruku’ (bowing down on one’s knees) or Sujud (prostrations) with the beast in front of him in a direction other than t

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ لَيْسَ فِي يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَ الْأَضْحَى أَذَانٌ وَ لَا إِقَامَةٌ أَذَانُهُمَا طُلُوعُ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ خَرَجُوا وَ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لَا بَعْدَهُمَا صَلَاةٌ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ مَعَ إِمَامٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ‌[3] وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ.

‘There Adhan or ‘Iqamah is not for the day of al-Fitr and al- Adha’. Adhan for it is sunrise. When it is sunrise, they go out. There is not any Salah (prayer) before or after it. If one does not perform Salah (prayer) with an Imam in congregation, there is not any Salah (prayer) for him and performing Qada’ (compensato

لَا صَلَاةَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَ الْأَضْحَى إِلَّا مَعَ إِمَامٍ‌[4].

‘There is not any Salah (prayer) on the day of al-Fitr or al- Adha’ except with Imam.”’

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَكْعَتَانِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لَا بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ لَيْسَ فِيهِمَا أَذَانٌ وَ لَا إِقَامَةٌ يُكَبِّرُ فِيهِمَا اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ تَكْبِيرَةً يَبْدَأُ فَيُكَبِّرُ وَ يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ وَ الشَّمْسِ‌ وَ ضُحاها ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ وَ يَرْكَعُ فَيَكُونُ يَرْكَعُ بِالسَّابِعَةِ

3. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Salah (prayer) of both ‘Id. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a two Rak‘at and there is not anything before or after them. Adhan or ‘Iqamah is not required. There

قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ يَوْمَ أَضْحًى لَوْ صَلَّيْتَ فِي مَسْجِدِكَ‌[4] فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ أَبْرُزَ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ.

‘I love to come out for the horizons of the sky.’”

يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ خَمْساً وَ يَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ السَّابِعَةَ وَ يَرْكَعُ بِهَا ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَيَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعاً فَيَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ وَ يَرْكَعُ بِهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Salah (prayer) of both ‘Id commences with Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). There is then the recitation, then five Takbir, and there is Qunut (supplication) between each two Takbir. Then is the seventh Takbir, then Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), then Sajdah (prostra

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ع أَنْ يُخْرَجَ السِّلَاحُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عَدُوٌّ حَاضِرٌ.

“Ja‘far has narrated from his father (a.s.), who has said that the Messenger of Allah prohibited taking out arms on both days of ‘Id unless enemy was present.’”

أُتِيَ أَبِي بِالْخُمْرَةِ[1] يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ فَأَمَرَ بِرَدِّهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا يَوْمٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ وَ يَضَعَ وَجْهَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘On the day of al-Fitr al-Khumrah (mat) was brought for my father but he commanded to return it and then said, “This is a day on which the Messenger of Allah loved to look at the horizons of the sky and place his face on earth.’””

اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا يَوْمٌ اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ عِيدَانِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ مَعَنَا فَلْيَفْعَلْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّ لَهُ رُخْصَةً يَعْنِي مَنْ كَانَ مُتَنَحِّياً[3].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘During the time of ’Amir al-Mu’minin two ‘Id happened on one day. ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), delivered a sermon and said, “This is a day in which two ‘Id have taken place. Those who love can join us and those who do not want to join us, they have permission to do so”, meaning those who

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[4] عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ قَالَ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يُكَبِّرُ[5].

‘He must complete Salah (prayer) and say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description).”’

السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ أَنْ يَبْرُزُوا مِنْ أَمْصَارِهِمْ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلَّا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ.

‘It is of Sunnah for the people of the cities to go out in the open on both ‘Id days except people of Makkah; they perform Salah (prayer) in Masjid al-Haram.’”

رَكْعَتَانِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ لَيْسَ تُصَلَّيَانِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ إِلَّا بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ يُصَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْعِيدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِالْمَدِينَةِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَعَلَهُ.

‘There are two Rak‘at Salah (prayer) which are of Sunnah but they are not performed anywhere else except in a certain place of al-Madinah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is performed in Masjid of the Messenger of Allah on ‘Id before going out to the place for Salah (prayer). It is not done anywhere else except al-Madinah; th

صَاحَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ فِي الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ فَقَالَ لِيَ انْطَلِقْ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَسَلْهُ مَا رَأْيُكَ فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ قَدْ صَاحُوا إِلَيَّ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ لِي قُلْ لَهُ فَلْيَخْرُجْ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَتَى يَخْرُجُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يُخْرِجُ الْمِنْبَرَ ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ يَمْشِي كَمَا يَمْشِي يَوْمَ الْعِي

“People of al-Madinah cried before Muhammad ibn Khalid about Salah (prayer) for rain. He said to me, ’Go to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and ask him what is his opinion. These people cry before me.’ I went to him (the Imam) and conveyed to him (the Imam) the message. He (the Imam) told me to tell him (Muhammad ibn Khalid) to

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ فَقَالَ مِثْلُ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ يَقْرَأُ فِيهَا وَ يُكَبِّرُ فِيهَا كَمَا يَقْرَأُ وَ يُكَبِّرُ فِيهَا يَخْرُجُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَبْرُزُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ نَظِيفٍ فِي سَكِينَةٍ وَ وَقَارٍ وَ خُشُوعٍ وَ مَسْكَنَةٍ وَ يَبْرُزُ مَعَهُ النَّاسُ فَيَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ وَ يُمَجِّدُهُ وَ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَ يَجْتَهِدُ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَ يُكْثِرُ مِنَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَ التَّهْلِيلِ وَ التَّكْبِ

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn af-Hakam who has said the following: “I asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Salah (prayer) for rain. The Imam said, ‘It is like Salah (prayer) of ‘Idayn (Salah (prayer) for two ‘Sa’id) in which there is Takbir (saying Allah is

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ تَحْوِيلِ النَّبِيِّ ص رِدَاءَهُ إِذَا اسْتَسْقَى فَقَالَ عَلَامَةٌ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ يُحَوَّلُ الْجَدْبُ خِصْباً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about how the Holy prophet turned his gown upside down when pleading before Allah for rain. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘It is a sign between him and his companions that turns aridity to fertility.’”

يُكَبِّرُ فِي صَلَاةِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ كَمَا يُكَبِّرُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ فِي الْأُولَى سَبْعاً وَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ خَمْساً وَ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ وَ يَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ وَ يَسْتَسْقِي وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ.

4. It is in the narration of ibn al-Mughirah: that Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in Salah (prayer) for rain is said in the same way as on the day of ‘Id, seven times in the first Rak‘at and five times in the second Rak‘at. He (the Imam) performs Salah (prayer) before the sermon; recites aloud and pleads fo

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّهُ لَمَّا قُبِضَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص جَرَتْ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ سُنَنٍ أَمَّا وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا مَاتَ انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِفَقْدِ ابْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَصَعِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَا

‘When Ibrahim son of the Messenger of Allah passed away three traditions were established. One tradition is that on that day a sun eclipse took place and people said that it is because of the death of the son of the Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah went on the pulpit, praised Allah and glorified Him, then sai

عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَرْبَعُ سَجَدَاتٍ تَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ بِتَكْبِيرَةٍ وَ تَرْكَعُ بِتَكْبِيرَةٍ وَ تَرْفَعُ رَأْسَكَ بِتَكْبِيرَةٍ إِلَّا فِي الْخَامِسَةِ الَّتِي تَسْجُدُ فِيهَا وَ تَقُولُ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ وَ تَقْنُتُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ وَ تُطِيلُ الْقُنُوتَ وَ الرُّكُوعَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَ الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ[1] فَإِنْ فَرَغْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْجَلِيَ فَاقْعُدْ

“We once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about Salah (prayer) because of eclipse. How many Rak‘at has it and how we perform it? He (the Imam) said, ‘It has ten Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) and four Sajadat (prostrations). Salah (prayer) commences with Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), Ruku‘ is performed with T

كُلُّ أَخَاوِيفِ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ ظُلْمَةٍ أَوْ رِيحٍ أَوْ فَزَعٍ فَصَلِّ لَهُ صَلَاةَ الْكُسُوفِ حَتَّى يَسْكُنَ.

“We once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the wind and darkness that at certain times come, is there any Salah (prayer) because of it? He (the Imam) said, ‘When anything frightening from the sky in the form of darkness, wind or noise takes place, perform Salah (prayer) like that of eclipse until it clears out.’”

قَالَ: وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ فِي السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي تَنْكَسِفُ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هِيَ فَرِيضَةٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the time of Salah (prayer) because of eclipse at sunrise and sunset if it can be performed at such time. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘It is obligatory.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ فِي وَقْتِ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَقَالَ ابْدَأْ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ صَلِّ صَلَاةَ الْكُسُوفِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about performing Salah (prayer) because of eclipse at the time of obligatory Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘Begin with obligatory Salah (prayer).’ He (the Imam) was asked, ‘Can it be performed in the time of nightly optional Salah (prayer)?’ He (the Imam) said

إِذَا انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ كُلُّهَا وَ احْتَرَقَتْ وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ ثُمَّ عَلِمْتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْكَ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَحْتَرِقْ كُلُّهَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاءٌ. - وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى‌ إِذَا عَلِمَ بِالْكُسُوفِ وَ نَسِيَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا إِذَا لَمْ يَحْتَرِقْ كُلُّهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a total sun eclipse takes place but you do not notice it and come to know about it later, you must perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer for) such Salah (prayer), but if it is not a total eclipse, you are not required to perform anything.’”