لَا بَأْسَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَ لَسْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِالسَّمْنِ.
“About the case of a man who owns sheep and gives them to be maintained and paid for their maintenance from their ghee a certain amount or a known amount of dirham for every sheep, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Dirham is not unlawful but I do not like giving ghee.’”
يُعْطَى الرَّاعِي الْغَنَمَ بِالْجَبَلِ يَرْعَاهَا وَ لَهُ أَصْوَافُهَا وَ أَلْبَانُهَا وَ يُعْطِينَا لِكُلِّ شَاةٍ دَرَاهِمَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ[1] يَقُولُونَ لَا يَجُوزُ لِأَنَّ مِنْهَا مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ صُوفٌ وَ لَا لَبَنٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ هَلْ يُطَيِّبُهُ إِلَّا ذَاكَ يَذْهَبُ بَعْضُهُ وَ يَبْقَى بَعْضٌ[2].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a shepherd of sheep in the mountains to whom sheep were given to maintain them and use their milk and wool, in addition to a certain amount of dirham for every sheep. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then said that people of Masj
لَا بَأْسَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَ كَرِهَ السَّمْنَ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had sheep and gave them for their maintenance in exchange for their wool or Ghee or dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ He disliked ghee.”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ غَنَمَهُ بِسَمْنٍ وَ دَرَاهِمَ مَعْلُومَةٍ لِكُلِّ شَاةٍ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَأَمَّا السَّمْنُ فَمَا أُحِبُّ ذَاكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ حَوَالِبَ فَلَا بَأْسَ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave his sheep to a man for maintenance in exchange for Ghee and a certain amount of dirham for every sheep every month. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful in exchange for dirham, however, for ghee, I do not like unless they
اللَّقِيطُ لَا يُشْتَرَى وَ لَا يُبَاعُ[3].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One cannot buy or sell an abandoned child that is found.’”
الْمَنْبُوذُ[4] حُرٌّ فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُوَالِيَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي رَبَّاهُ وَالاهُ فَإِنْ طَلَبَ مِنْهُ الَّذِي رَبَّاهُ النَّفَقَةَ وَ كَانَ مُوسِراً رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِراً كَانَ مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A discarded child who is found is free, if he likes to have a guardian other than the one who has brought him up, he can do so. If the one who has brought him up asks for his expenses, if he is affluent he must pay him back and if he is not affluent then whatever is spent is counted a
الْمَنْبُوذُ حُرٌّ فَإِذَا كَبِرَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ تَوَلَّى إِلَى الَّذِي الْتَقَطَهُ وَ إِلَّا فَلْيَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّفَقَةَ وَ لْيَذْهَبْ فَلْيُوَالِ مَنْ شَاءَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah has narrated from his father (a.s.), who has said, ‘A discarded child is free. When he grows up, he can accept the one who picked him up as his guardian; otherwise, he must pay back what he has spent for him and he then can go to find a guardian of his choice.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ اللَّقِيطَةِ قَالَ لَا تُبَاعُ وَ لَا تُشْتَرَى وَ لَكِنِ اسْتَخْدِمْهَا بِمَا أَنْفَقْتَ عَلَيْهَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a discarded child. He (the Imam) said, ‘You cannot sell or buy him, but you can use his service to compensate for what you have spent for him.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ اللَّقِيطِ فَقَالَ حُرٌّ لَا يُبَاعُ وَ لَا يُوهَبُ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a discarded child. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is free but cannot be sold or given away as a gift.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَطِيبُ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا وَ لَا يَطِيبُ ثَمَنُهُ أَبَداً وَ الْمِمْرَازُ لَا يَطِيبُ إِلَى سَبْعَةِ آبَاءٍ وَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْمِمْرَازُ فَقَالَ[2] الرَّجُلُ يَكْتَسِبُ مَالًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ فَيَتَزَوَّجُ بِهِ[3] أَوْ يَتَسَرَّى بِهِ فَيُولَدُ لَهُ فَذَاكَ الْوَلَدُ هُوَ الْمِمْرَازُ.
‘One born out of fornication does not recover as well as his price. Al-Mumraz does not recover for seven generations. It was asked, ‘What is al- Mumraz?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One earns through unlawful ways and with such funds gets married or enjoys it, and a child is born for him. That child is al-Mumraz.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا أَشْتَرِيهِ أَوْ أَبِيعُهُ أَوْ أَسْتَخْدِمُهُ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِهِ وَ اسْتَرِقَّهُ وَ اسْتَخْدِمْهُ وَ بِعْهُ فَأَمَّا اللَّقِيطُ فَلَا تَشْتَرِهِ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Can I buy, sell or use services of one born out of wedlock? He (the Imam) said, ‘You can buy, sell, enslave or use his services but do not buy a discarded child that is found.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ تَكُونُ لِيَ الْمَمْلُوكَةُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَحُجُّ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا وَ أَتَزَوَّجُ فَقَالَ لَا تَحُجَّ وَ لَا تَتَزَوَّجْ مِنْهُ[1].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘I have a slave born out of wedlock; if I can perform al-Hajj with his price or spend it for my marriage/ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not perform al-Hajj with it and do not spend it for your marriage.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ عِظَامِ الْفِيلِ يَحِلُّ بَيْعُهُ أَوْ شِرَاؤُهُ الَّذِي يُجْعَلُ مِنْهُ الْأَمْشَاطُ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَدْ كَانَ لِأَبِي مِنْهُ مُشْطٌ أَوْ أَمْشَاطٌ.
‘It is not unlawful. My father (a.s.), had such a comb or combs.”’
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ خَشَبٌ فَبَاعَهُ مِمَّنْ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْهُ بَرَابِطَ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ وَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ خَشَبٌ فَبَاعَهُ مِمَّنْ يَتَّخِذُهُ صُلْبَانَ قَالَ لَا[2].
“I once wrote to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and asked about a man who had a piece of wood and sold it to those who make barbat (musical tool) out of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’
لَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِ الْعَذِرَةِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Selling animal dung is not unlawful.’”
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْفُهُودِ وَ سِبَاعِ الطَّيْرِ هَلْ يُلْتَمَسُ التِّجَارَةُ فِيهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Cheetah and predator birds; if business could be sought with them. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is possible.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ التُّوتِ[2] أَبِيعُهُ يُصْنَعْ بِهِ الصَّلِيبُ وَ الصَّنَمُ قَالَ لَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about my selling mulberry wood from which they made crosses and idols. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’”
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُؤَاجِرُ سَفِينَتَهُ وَ دَابَّتَهُ مِمَّنْ يَحْمِلْ فِيهَا أَوْ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ وَ الْخَنَازِيرَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
“I once wrote to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and asked about the case of a man who rented his ship or stumper to those who carried wine and pigs on them. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ الْقِرْدِ أَنْ تُشْتَرَى أَوْ تُبَاعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited buying and selling of monkeys.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُؤَاجِرُ بَيْتَهُ يُبَاعُ فِيهَا الْخَمْرُ قَالَ حَرَامٌ أُجْرَتُهُ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who rented his house to those who used it for selling wine. He (the Imam) said, ‘Its rent is unlawful.’”
كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مُعَتِّبٌ فَقَالَ رَجُلَانِ بِالْبَابِ فَقَالَ أَدْخِلْهُمَا فَدَخَلَا فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا إِنِّي رَجُلٌ سَرَّاجٌ أَبِيعُ جُلُودَ النَّمِرِ فَقَالَ مَدْبُوغَةٌ هِيَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ.
There are two people at the door.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Bring them inside.’ They came inside and one of them said, ‘I am a saddle maker and I sell skins of tigers.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Are they (skins) tanned?’ He replied, ‘Yes, they are tanned.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَوَائِمُ السُّيُوفِ الَّتِي تُسَمَّى السَّفَنَ[4] أَتَّخِذُهَا مِنْ جُلُودِ السَّمَكِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ الْعَمَلُ لَهَا وَ لَسْنَا نَأْكُلُ لُحُومَهَا فَكَتَبَ ع لَا بَأْسَ[5].
“I once wrote to him (the Imam) (a.s.), and asked, ‘There is a certain sheathing of swords called al-Safan (sandpaper) which is from skin of fish; if it is permissible to work with and we do not eat its meat.’ He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ع- عَنْ شِرَاءِ الْخِيَانَةِ وَ السَّرِقَةِ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اخْتَلَطَ مَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ فَأَمَّا السَّرِقَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا فَلَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْ مَتَاعِ السُّلْطَانِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ[1].
“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about buying goods from cheating and stealing. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not lawful unless it is mixed with other goods. The very substance of stolen goods cannot be purchased unless it is of the properties of the sultan in which
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَّا يَشْتَرِي مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ غَنَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا الْإِبِلُ وَ الْغَنَمُ إِلَّا مِثْلَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ حَتَّى تَعْرِفَ الْحَرَامَ بِعَيْنِهِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَمَا تَرَى فِي مُصَدِّقٍ يَجِيئُنَا فَيَأْخُذُ صَدَق
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of one of our men who bought from the sultan of the camels of charity and sheep of charity and he knew that they took more than what is rightly due on them. He (the Imam) said, ‘Camels and sheep are just like wheat and barley and other goods. It is not unlawful unless he
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الْعَامِلِ وَ هُوَ يَظْلِمُ قَالَ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ ظَلَمَ فِيهِ أَحَداً.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who bought from a charity collector who committed injustice. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can buy from him unless he learns that he has done injustice in collecting those goods.’”
لَا يَصْلُحُ شِرَاءُ السَّرِقَةِ وَ الْخِيَانَةِ إِذَا عُرِفَتْ.
‘Buying and selling of goods obtained by cheating and stealing are not valid and not lawful.’”
أَرَادُوا بَيْعَ تَمْرِ عَيْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ[1] فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ حَتَّى أَسْتَأْمِرَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَمَرْتُ مُعَاذاً فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ قُلْ لَهُ يَشْتَرِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِهِ اشْتَرَاهُ غَيْرُهُ.
“They wanted to sell the dates of ‘ Ayn of abu Ziyad (name of a place with farms that belonged to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.)), and I wanted to buy it but then I decided to ask permission from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), so I asked Mu‘adh and he asked him (the Imam) about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘He can buy it because if he do
مَنِ اشْتَرَى سَرِقَةً وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَقَدْ شَرِكَ فِي عَارِهَا وَ إِثْمِهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever buys stolen goods when he knows it, he shares its shame and sin.’”
هُوَ غَارِمٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَأْتِ عَلَى بَائِعِهَا بِشُهُودٍ[2].
“About the case of a man with whom stolen goods were found, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He is held responsible unless he presents testimony against the seller such as witnesses.”’
مَنِ اشْتَرَى طَعَامَ قَوْمٍ وَ هُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ قُصَّ لَهُمْ مِنْ لَحْمِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one buys the foodstuff of a people who dislike such purchase, on the Day of Judgment it will be recovered for them from his flesh.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى زِقَّ زَيْتٍ فَوَجَدَ فِيهِ دُرْدِيّاً قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الزَّيْتِ لَمْ يَرُدَّهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الزَّيْتِ رَدَّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ.
“This is concerning my question before Abu‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who bought a skin sack of oil and found residue in it. He (the Imam) said, If he knew that the oil had such things in it, he cannot return; but if he did not know that the oil had such things in it he can return it to the owner.”’
دَخَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع سُوقَ التَّمَّارِينَ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ قَائِمَةٌ تَبْكِي وَ هِيَ تُخَاصِمُ رَجُلًا تَمَّاراً فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا لَكِ قَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْ هَذَا تَمْراً بِدِرْهَمٍ فَخَرَجَ أَسْفَلُهُ رَدِيّاً لَيْسَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيْهَا فَأَبَى حَتَّى قَالَهَا ثَلَاثاً فَأَبَى فَعَلَاهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ حَتَّى رَدَّ عَلَيْهَا وَ كَانَ عَلِ
“Once ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), entered the market of the date sellers and saw a standing woman who was crying and disputing with a man who sold dates. He (the Imam) asked her, ‘What is the matter with you?’ She replied, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, I bought dates from this man for one dirham and underneath it is of bad quali
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعَصِيرِ فَيَصِيرُ خَمْراً قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْبَضَ الثَّمَنُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَوْ بَاعَ ثَمَرَتَهُ مِمَّنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَجْعَلُهُ حَرَاماً لَمْ يَكُنْ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ عَصِيراً فَلَا يُبَاعُ إِلَّا بِالنَّقْدِ[2].
’If he sells fruits to one about whom the seller knows that he turns it into something unlawful, selling is not unlawful. If it is juice then it cannot be sold except for cash.’”
لَا يَصْلُحُ ثَمَنُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص رَاوِيَتَيْنِ مِنْ خَمْرٍ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَأُهَرِيقَتَا وَ قَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ شُرْبَهَا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ خِصَالِ هَذِهِ الَّتِي بَاعَهَا الْغُلَامُ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا[3].
“About the case of a man who has a slave whom he has left at a vineyard to sell grapes or juice, but the slave goes and squeezes wine and sells it, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’The price received is not useable.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Once a man from Thaqif presented to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَصِيرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْلِيَ لِمَنْ يَبْتَاعُهُ لِيَطْبُخَهُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَهُ خَمْراً قَالَ إِذَا بِعْتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَمْراً وَ هُوَ حَلَالٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the price of juice before it boiled for one who wanted to buy it so he could cook or make wine out of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘If you sell before it is wine and it is lawful, then selling is not unlawful.’”
كَرِهَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَيْعَ الْعَصِيرِ بِتَأْخِيرٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), disliked selling juice for deferred payment.”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ أَسْلَمَ وَ عِنْدَهُ خَمْرٌ وَ خَنَازِيرُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ هَلْ يَبِيعُ خَمْرَهُ وَ خَنَازِيرَهُ فَيَقْضِيَ دَيْنَهُ فَقَالَ لَا.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who had become a Muslim and he, in his possession, had wine and pigs and he owed debts; if he could sell the wine and pigs to pay off his debts. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ بَيْعِ عَصِيرِ الْعِنَبِ مِمَّنْ يَجْعَلُهُ حَرَاماً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ تَبِيعُهُ حَلَالًا فَيَجْعَلُهُ [ذَاكَ] حَرَاماً فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ وَ أَسْحَقَهُ[2].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about selling grape juice to one who turned it into something unlawful. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful if you sell when it is lawful then he turns it into unlawful; may Allah keep him away and remotely distanced.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ أَمَرَ غُلَامَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ كَرْمَهُ عَصِيراً فَبَاعَهُ خَمْراً ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ بِثَمَنِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَشْيَاءِ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهِ.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A man asks his slave to sell his grapes as grape juice but he sells it as wine; then brings the price to him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The most beloved thing to me in this case is to give it (price) as charity.’”
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ كَرْمٌ أَ يَبِيعُ الْعِنَبَ وَ التَّمْرَ مِمَّنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَجْعَلُهُ خَمْراً أَوْ سَكَراً فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَاعَهُ حَلَالًا فِي الْإِبَّانِ الَّذِي يَحِلُّ شُرْبُهُ أَوْ أَكْلُهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهِ[3].
“I once wrote to ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and asked about the case of a man who had a vineyard; if he could sell grapes and dates to someone who made wine or sugar out of them. He (the Imam) said, ‘He has sold it as lawful when drinking, eating was lawful, thus it is not unlawful.’”
لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ أَمَّا لِلْمُقْتَضِي فَحَلَالٌ وَ أَمَّا لِلْبَائِعِ فَحَرَامٌ.
“About the case of a man to whom another man owes a certain amount of dirham who sells wine or pig when he (the creditor) is looking, then pays him from such funds. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful. For the creditor it is lawful and for the seller it is unlawful.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ ذِمِّيٍّ دَرَاهِمُ فَيَبِيعُ الْخَمْرَ وَ الْخِنْزِيرَ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَيَحِلُّ لِي أَخْذُهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا لَكَ عَلَيْهِ دَرَاهِمُ فَقَضَاكَ دَرَاهِمَكَ.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A non-Muslim taxpayer owes to me a certain amount of dirham. He sells wine and pig when I am present; if it is lawful for me to take it. He (the Imam) said, ‘All he owes you are dirhams, and he has paid you dirhams.’”
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَيَبِيعُ بِهَا خَمْراً وَ خِنْزِيراً ثُمَّ يَقْضِي عَنْهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَوْ قَالَ خُذْهَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed me a certain amount of dirham with which he sold wine and pigs and with such business he paid me back. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful’ or that he (the Imam) said, ‘You can take it.’”
سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْعَصِيرِ فَقَالَ لِي كَرْمٌ وَ أَنَا أَعْصِرُهُ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَ أَجْعَلُهُ فِي الدِّنَانِ وَ أَبِيعُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْلِيَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ فَإِنْ غَلَى فَلَا يَحِلُّ بَيْعُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ هُوَ ذَا نَحْنُ نَبِيعُ تَمْرَنَا مِمَّنْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَصْنَعُهُ خَمْراً.
“A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about juice saying, ‘I have a vineyard. ‘Every year I squeeze juice and keep it in a large container, then sell it before it boils. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful but if it boils then selling is not lawful.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘We sell our dates knowing that they m
لَهُ دَرَاهِمُهُ وَ قَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ رَجُلٌ وَ لَهُ خَمْرٌ وَ خَنَازِيرُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ هِيَ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ يَبِيعُ دُيَّانُهُ أَوْ وَلِيٌّ لَهُ غَيْرُ مُسْلِمٍ خَمْرَهُ وَ خَنَازِيرَهُ وَ يَقْضِي دَيْنَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ وَ لَا يُمْسِكَهُ[2].
“About the case of a of Zoroastrian man who sold wine or pigs for an appointed time, then became a Muslim before due time for payment, he (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘He can have his dirhams.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If one becomes a Muslim and owns wine and pigs, then dies while they are in his possession, and he owes a
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ أَسْلَمَ وَ عِنْدَهُ خَمْرٌ وَ خَنَازِيرُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ هَلْ يَبِيعُ خَمْرَهُ وَ خَنَازِيرَهُ وَ يَقْضِي دَيْنَهُ قَالَ لَا.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who became a Muslim and had wine and pigs and owed debts; if he could sell his wine and pigs to pay off his debts. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’”
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص يَقُولُ لَا يَجُوزُ الْعَرَبُونُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ نَقْداً مِنَ الثَّمَنِ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘Deposit or down payment is not permissible unless it is the cash portion of the price of the goods purchased.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّهْنِ وَ الْكَفِيلِ فِي بَيْعِ النَّسِيئَةِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
’It is not unlawful.”’
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَبِيعُ بِالنَّسِيئَةِ وَ يَرْتَهِنُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who bought something on credit with al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ أَوِ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَرْتَهِنُ الرَّهْنَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ تَسْتَوْثِقُ مِنْ مَالِكَ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who contracted for purchasing an animal or foodstuff in the form of advance payment with al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful to secure your asset.’”