أَوْصَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ع أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ أُخْتِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهَا فَفَعَلَ[4].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, in her will had asked ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), to marry her sister’s daughter after her death and he followed her instruction.’”
كَانَ مَلِكٌ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ قَاضٍ وَ لِلْقَاضِي أَخٌ وَ كَانَ رَجُلَ صِدْقٍ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ قَدْ وَلَدَتْهَا الْأَنْبِيَاءُ فَأَرَادَ الْمَلِكُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَجُلًا فِي حَاجَةٍ فَقَالَ لِلْقَاضِي ابْغِنِي رَجُلًا ثِقَةً فَقَالَ مَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَداً أَوْثَقَ مِنْ أَخِي فَدَعَاهُ لِيَبْعَثَهُ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ وَ قَالَ لِأَخِيهِ إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُضَيِّعَ امْرَأَتِي فَعَزَمَ عَلَيْه
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In banu Israel there was a king who had a judge who had a brother who was truthful and had a wife who had given birth to prophets. The king decided to send a person for a certain task so he asked his judge to find for him a reliable person. The judge said, ‘I do not know anyone more t
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ أُخِذَ مَعَ امْرَأَةٍ فِي بَيْتٍ فَأَقَرَّ أَنَّهَا امْرَأَتُهُ وَ أَقَرَّتْ أَنَّهُ زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَأَجَزْتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَضَرَبْتُهُ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is found in a house with a woman who confirms that she is his wife and she confirms that he is her husband. He (the Imam) said, ‘In the case of a certain man I can consider it permissible and in the case of a certain man if I find
سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ أَخِي مَاتَ وَ تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَجَاءَ عَمِّي فَادَّعَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ تَزَوَّجَهَا سِرّاً فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْكَرَتْ أَشَدَّ الْإِنْكَارِ وَ قَالَتْ مَا كَانَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ شَيْءٌ قَطُّ فَقَالَ يَلْزَمُكَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَ يَلْزَمُهُ إِنْكَارُهَا.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, my brother died and I married his widow and my paternal uncle came saying that he had married her secretly. I asked her about it but she denied it vehemently saying, ‘There has never been such a thing between us.’ He (the
إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى بِامْرَأَتِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي هَذِهِ سَوْدَاءُ وَ أَنَا أَسْوَدُ وَ إِنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ غُلَاماً أَبْيَضَ فَقَالَ لِمَنْ بِحَضْرَتِهِ مَا تَرَوْنَ فَقَالُوا نَرَى أَنْ تَرْجُمَهَا فَإِنَّهَا سَوْدَاءُ وَ زَوْجُهَا أَسْوَدُ وَ وَلَدُهَا أَبْيَضُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ قَدْ وُجِّهَ بِهَا لِتُرْجَمَ فَقَالَ مَا حَالُكُمَا فَحَدَّثَاهُ فَقَالَ لِلْأَسْوَدِ أَ تَت
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Zakariya al-Mu’min’ from ibn Muskan from certain persons of our people who have said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man with his wife came to ‘Umar and said, ‘My wife, this one, is black and I am more bl
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَرَّ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ع بِقَبْرٍ يُعَذَّبُ صَاحِبُهُ ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ لَا يُعَذَّبُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَرَرْتُ بِهَذَا الْقَبْرِ عَامَ أَوَّلَ فَكَانَ يُعَذَّبُ وَ مَرَرْتُ بِهِ الْعَامَ فَإِذَا هُوَ لَيْسَ يُعَذَّبُ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ صَالِحٌ فَأَصْلَحَ طَرِيقاً وَ آوَى يَتِيماً فَلِهَذَا غَفَرْتُ لَهُ بِمَا فَعَلَ ابْنُهُ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said the following: ‘Jesus, son of Marry, once passed by a grave wherein its dweller suffered a great suffering. He passed by the same grave afterward but foun
إِنَّ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يَرْزُقَهُ ابْنَةً تَبْكِيهِ وَ تَنْدُبُهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ.
“Ibrahim (a.s.) asked his Lord to give him a daughter who will weep and mourn for him after his death.”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي بَنَاتٍ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ تَتَمَنَّى مَوْتَهُنَّ أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَمَنَّيْتَ مَوْتَهُنَّ فَمِتْنَ لَمْ تُؤْجَرْ وَ لَقِيتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ تَلْقَاهُ وَ أَنْتَ عَاصٍ.
“I once said to Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I have several daughters. He (the Imam) said, ‘Perhaps you wish that they die. You must take notice that if you wished that they die and they died, you will have no reward and will meet Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, as a disobedient person.’”
قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ النُّطْفَةَ تَكُونُ فِي الرَّحِمِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ تَصِيرُ عَلَقَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ تَصِيرُ مُضْغَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فَإِذَا كَمَلَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مَلَكَيْنِ خَلَّاقَيْنِ[1] فَيَقُولَانِ يَا رَبِّ مَا تَخْلُقُ ذَكَراً أَوْ أُنْثَى فَيُؤْمَرَانِ فَيَقُولَانِ يَا رَبِّ شَقِيّاً أَوْ سَعِيداً فَيُؤ
Abu Ja'far (al-Baqir) (as) said: "Sperm in the womb after forty days becomes a clot, and then after another forty days becomes a fetus. When four months pass by, Allah sends two creating angels and they ask, “Oh Lord, what do You want to create, male or female?". They are then commanded accordingly. Then they ask, "Oh
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الرَّجُلُ يَدْعُو لِلْحُبْلَى أَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا ذَكَراً سَوِيّاً قَالَ يَدْعُو مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنَّهُ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً نُطْفَةٌ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً عَلَقَةٌ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً مُضْغَةٌ فَذَلِكَ تَمَامُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَلَكَيْنِ خَلَّاقَيْنِ فَيَقُولَانِ يَا رَبِّ مَا نَخْلُقُ ذَكَراً
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can a pregnant woman pray to Allah to make the child inside her a well formed boy?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘She can do so from conception up to the fourth month. Up to forty nights it is sperm, for another forty nights it
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا وَقَعَتِ النُّطْفَةُ فِي الرَّحِمِ اسْتَقَرَّتْ فِيهَا أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ تَكُونُ عَلَقَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ تَكُونُ مُضْغَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَلَكَيْنِ خَلَّاقَيْنِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمَا اخْلُقَا كَمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ ذَكَراً أَوْ أُنْثَى صَوِّرَاهُ وَ اكْتُبَا أَجَلَهُ وَ رِزْقَهُ وَ مَنِيَّتَهُ[1] وَ شَقِيّاً أَوْ سَعِيداً وَ اكْتُبَا لِلَّه
“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘When the seed falls in the womb it settles there for forty days, remains as a clot for forty days and as an embryo for another forty days. Allah then sends two creative angels with instruction to create him, as Allah wants it to be. It can be a male or a female. They shape him
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص دَعَا بِصَحِيفَةٍ حِينَ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْهَى عَنْ أَسْمَاءٍ يُتَسَمَّى بِهَا فَقُبِضَ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّهَا مِنْهَا الْحَكَمُ وَ حَكِيمٌ وَ خَالِدٌ وَ مَالِكٌ وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهَا سِتَّةٌ أَوْ سَبْعَةٌ مِمَّا لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُتَسَمَّى بِهَا.
Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah asked for a sahifah (a book) and he (the Messenger of Allah) wanted to prohibit the use of certain names to use. He (the Messenger of Allah) passed away but he (the Messenger of Allah) did not mention them. Of such names are al- Hakam and Hakim, Khalid and Mal
حَنِّكُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ بِمَاءِ الْفُرَاتِ وَ بِتُرْبَةِ قَبْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَبِمَاءِ السَّمَاءِ.
4. In another Hadith it is said: ‘You should drop water from the Euphrates and soil from the grave of al-Husayn (a.s.) in the mouth of your children, and if it is not possible, then water from the sky (rain).’
إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَذْبَحَ الْعَقِيقَةَ قُلْتَ- يا قَوْمِ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ ما أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَ نُسُكِي وَ مَحْيايَ وَ مَماتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ بِذلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَ أَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَ لَكَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ ال
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when you decide to slaughter the animal for ‘Aqiqah say, ‘O my people I denounce what you consider partners (of Allah). I turn my face to the One who has invented the skies and earth, purely in obedience to Him and I am not a pagan. My Salat (prayer), acts of worship, life and deat
فِي الْعَقِيقَةِ إِذَا ذَبَحْتَ تَقُولُ- وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ ما أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِنَّ صَلاتِي وَ نُسُكِي وَ مَحْيايَ وَ مَماتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَ لَكَ اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا عَنْ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ.
I turn my face to the One who has invented the skies and earth, purely in obedience to Him and I am not a pagan. My Salat (prayer), acts of worship, life and death are all in obedience to Allah, Cherisher of the worlds who has no partner. O Lord, it is from You and for You. O Lord, this is from so and so son of so and
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ صَبِيّاً فَاسْتُرْضِعَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَجْرُ رَضَاعِ الصَّبِيِّ مِمَّا يَرِثُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment about the case of a man who had died, had left behind a child and they had found someone to breastfeed him. He (the Imam) said that the wages for breastfeeding must be paid from what the child has inherited from his father and mother.’”
لَهَا أَجْرُ مِثْلِهَا وَ لَيْسَ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ حَجْرِهَا حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ وَ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a woman with a child from the deceased and she gives the child to her servant for breastfeeding. She then asks the executor of the will to pay for the breastfeeding wages. He (the Imam) said, ‘She deserves an equivalent wages and t
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ غَايَةِ الْحَمْلِ بِالْوَلَدِ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ كَمْ هُوَ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ رُبَّمَا بَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِهَا سِنِينَ فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا أَقْصَى حَدِّ الْحَمْلِ تِسْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ لَا يَزِيدُ لَحْظَةً وَ لَوْ زَادَ سَاعَةً لَقَتَلَ أُمَّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about how long a child can remain in the mother’s womb because people say that a child may remain in mother’s womb for many years. He (the Imam) said, ‘They speak a lie. The ultimate time is nine months and it is no more even for a while because if the child remains for more than a sa‘a
كَانَ لِيَ ابْنٌ وَ كَانَ تُصِيبُهُ الْحَصَاةُ فَقِيلَ لِي لَيْسَ لَهُ عِلَاجٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَبُطَّهُ فَبَطَطْتُهُ[1] فَمَاتَ فَقَالَتِ الشِّيعَةُ شَرِكْتَ فِي دَمِ ابْنِكَ قَالَ فَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع فَوَقَّعَ ع يَا أَحْمَدُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ شَيْءٌ إِنَّمَا الْتَمَسْتَ الدَّوَاءَ وَ كَانَ أَجَلُهُ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ.
‘O Ahmad, you are not responsible for what you have done. You tried to cure him and his death (the appointed time) was in what you did.”’
سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ شَابَّةٌ وَ هِيَ تَحِيضُ كُلَّ شَهْرَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ حَيْضَةً وَاحِدَةً كَيْفَ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ أَمْرُهَا شَدِيدٌ تُطَلَّقُ طَلَاقَ السُّنَّةِ تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ بِشُهُودٍ ثُمَّ تُتْرَكُ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ مَتَى حَاضَتْ فَإِذَا حَاضَتْ ثَلَاثاً فَقَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا قِيلَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ مَضَتْ سَنَةٌ وَ
“Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who has a young wife who experiences Hayd (menses) every two or three months after once and about how he can divorce her. He (the Imam) said, ’Her case is difficult. He can divorce her according to Sunnah once in a Hayd (menses)-free period in the presence
تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَبْلُغُهَا وَفَاتُهُ.
“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a widow and he is absent, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘She must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from the day she receives the news of his death.’”
فِي الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا بَلَغَهَا نَعْيُ زَوْجِهَا قَالَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَبْلُغُهَا أَنَّهَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُحِدَّ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a woman receives the news of the death of her husband, she must begin counting her waiting period and mourning for him.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ مَتَى تَعْتَدُّ فَقَالَ يَوْمَ يَبْلُغُهَا وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ إِنَّ إِحْدَاكُنَّ كَانَتْ تَمْكُثُ الْحَوْلَ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ زَوْجُهَا وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ ثُمَّ تَرْمِي بِبَعْرَةٍ وَرَاءَهَا.
“One of you would wait for one year, when her husband died and he was absent, hold back her carnal desires and throw it behind her.’””
إِنْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا يَعْنِي وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَقَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ فَعِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمِ يَأْتِيهَا الْخَبَرُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً لِأَنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَوْتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَتُمْسِكَ عَنِ الْكُحْلِ وَ الطِّيبِ وَ الْأَصْبَاغِ.
‘When a woman’s husband who is absent dies and evidence is established about it, then her waiting period is counted from the day the news reaches her up to four months and ten days. She must begin mourning for him for four months and ten days, thus, she must stay away from musk, kohl, perfumes and dyes.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَقَالَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ فَلِاسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is it that waiting period for a woman divorced three times, is three cycles of Hayd (menses) or three months, and the waiting period of a widow is four months and ten days? He (the Imam) said, ‘Waiting pe
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَ تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِهَا أَوْ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ قَالَ بَلْ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عُمَرُ أَتَى أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهَا إِلَى بَيْتِهِ.
’It is wherever she wants; Ali (a.s.), brought ’Umm Kulthum to his home when ‘Umar died.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ زَوْجُهَا أَيْنَ تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا تَعْتَدُّ أَوْ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ قَالَ بَلَى حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا مَاتَ عُمَرُ أَتَى أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهَا فَانْطَلَقَ بِهَا إِلَى بَيْتِهِ.
who said: “I once asked Abu 'Abdillah (a.s.) about a woman whose husband has passed away: where should she observe her waiting period, in her husband's house or wherever she wishes? He said: "Yes, wherever she wishes." Then he said: "When Umar died, Ali (as) came to Umm Kulthum, took her hand, and led her to his house.
جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع تَسْتَفْتِيهِ فِي الْمَبِيتِ فِي غَيْرِ بَيْتِهَا وَ قَدْ مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَ إِذَا مَاتَ زَوْجُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَحَدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْراً فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّداً ص رَحِمَ ضَعْفَهُنَّ فَجَعَلَ عِدَّتَهُنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً وَ أَنْتُنَّ لَا تَصْبِرْنَ عَلَى هَذَا.
“A woman came to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), to ask for a fatwa about spending the night in another house; her husband had died. He (the Imam) said, ‘In the time of ignorance widows had to sit in mourning for twelve months. When Muhammad (SAW), was sent he felt sympathy for their weakness and reduced it (mourning) to four m
الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَطَيَّبَ وَ لَا تَزَيَّنَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A widow whose husband has died must not use perfumes and beautify herself until her ‘Iddah (waiting period) of four months and ten days is complete.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ تَكُونُ فِي عِدَّتِهَا أَ تَخْرُجُ فِي حَقٍّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ص سَأَلَتْهُ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ فُلَانَةَ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَتَخْرُجُ فِي حَقٍّ يَنُوبُهَا[1] فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُفٍّ لَكُنَّ قَدْ كُنْتُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ أُبْعَثَ فِيكُنَّ وَ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْكُنَّ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَخَذَتْ بَع
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman whose husband dies; if she during her waiting period can go out for a right. He (the Imam) said, ‘Certain ones of the wives of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, asked saying, ‘Hu
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا قَالَ لَا تَنْكِحُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا.
8. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from Muhammad ibn Ziyad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment about one whose husband had died before going to bed with her, that said, ’She must not marry until her waiting period
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا وَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ صَاحِبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ وَ زَادَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ وَ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ وَ هَذَا الْكَلَ
3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from Muhammad ibn Ziyad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has stated this Hadith. ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment in the case of a man who divorced his wife; then died; when she counted her waiting period, that
الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ.
“About the case of a woman whose husband has died, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that her maintenance must be paid from her husband’s assets.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَفْقُودِ فَقَالَ إِنْ عَلِمَتْ أَنَّهُ فِي أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ مُنْتَظِرَةٌ لَهُ أَبَداً حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهَا مَوْتُهُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهَا طَلَاقُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَيْنَ هُوَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا وَ لَمْ يَأْتِهَا مِنْهُ كِتَابٌ وَ لَا خَبَرٌ فَإِنَّهَا تَأْتِي الْإِمَامَ فَيَأْمُرُهَا أَنْ تَنْتَظِرَ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ فَيُطْلَبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ أَثَرٌ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ الْأَرْ
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who is absent and missing. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is known that he is in a certain location she waits for ever until the news of his death comes or her divorce. If it is not known where he is and no letter comes from him or any news, she then comes to the
إِذَا نُعِيَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ خَبَّرُوهَا أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ الْأَوَّلَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ هَذَا الْآخَرِ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَهَا مِنَ الْأَخِيرِ الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا قَالَ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْآخَرِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَبَداً. - أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الرَّزَّازُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُ
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a woman receives news of the death of her husband or she is informed about her being divorced by her husband and she counts her waitin
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ غَائِبٍ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الزَّوْجَ الْغَائِبَ قَدِمَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْهَا وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ أَحَدُ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَا سَبِيلَ لِلْأَخِيرِ عَلَيْهَا وَ يُؤْخَذُ الصَّدَاقُ[1] مِنَ الَّذِي شَهِدَ فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى الْأَخِيرِ وَ الْأَوَّلُ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الْأَخِ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman before whom two men testify that her absent husband has divorced her and she counts waiting period then marries; then the absent husband comes. He says that he has not divorced her and one of the two testifying people says that he has lied. He (the Imam) said,
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَسِبَ أَهْلُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ فَنَكَحَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ سُرِّيَّتُهُ فَوَلَدَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ وَ مَوْلَى السُّرِّيَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَأْخُذُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَ يَأْخُذُ سُرِّيَّتَهُ وَ وَلَدَهَا أَوْ يَأْخُذُ عِوَضاً مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ[1].
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man whose wife thinks that he has died or is killed; thus she marries as well as his slave-girl and both give birth to their husband; then the first husband comes and the master of the slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘He takes back his wife because he has the right t
فِي شَاهِدَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ بِأَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا أَوْ مَاتَ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ يُضْرَبَانِ الْحَدَّ وَ يُضَمَّنَانِ الصَّدَاقَ لِلزَّوْجِ بِمَا غَرَّاهُ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ وَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ[2].
“About the case of two witnesses who testify that a woman’s husband has divorced her or that he has died, thus, she marries, then the husband comes, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘They are whipped for their crime. They are held responsible for the mahr (dower) to be paid to the husband for deceit; then
إِذَا نُعِيَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ خَبَّرُوهَا أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman receives news of the death of her husband or she is informed about her being divorced by her husband and she counts her waiting period and thereafter marries, then her previous husband comes. The first one is more rightful than the second one, regardless, he (the second) has go
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ نُعِيَ إِلَيْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ فَفَارَقَهَا وَ فَارَقَهَا الْآخَرُ كَمْ تَعْتَدُّ لِلنَّاسِ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَبْرَأُ رَحِمُهَا بِثَلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ تُحِلُّهَا لِلنَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ قَالَ زُرَارَةُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أُنَاساً قَالُوا تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّتَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ عِدَّةً فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو جَعْف
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who receives news of the death of her husband and she counts her waiting period; then marries. Then her first husband comes. She then separates from him and he from her and about how long is her waiting period. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is three Hayd (menses)-fre
فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ عِدَّتَيْنِ فَحَمَلَهَا زُرَارَةُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.
“About the case of a woman who receives news of the death of her husband, then she marries; then her first husband comes who divorces her and also the second husband divorces. Ibrahim al-Nakha‘iy has said that she must count two waiting periods. Zurarah then took the question to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), who said that she has
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنِ الْأَمَةِ يَمُوتُ سَيِّدُهَا قَالَ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ يُفَارِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا نِكَاحاً جَدِيداً بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا قُلْتُ فَأَيْنَ مَا بَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِيكَ فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً قَالَ هَذَا جَاهِ
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said, ‘I asked Abu Ibrahim asws about the slave girl, her master died. He asws said: ‘She would observe the waiting period of the one widowed from her husband’. I said, ‘Supposing if a man were to marry her before she fulfils her
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ تَكُونُ تَحْتَهُ السُّرِّيَّةُ فَيُعْتِقُهَا فَقَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهَا أَنْ تَنْكِحَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا مَوْلَاهَا فَعِدَّتُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I said to him asws , ‘The man happens to have a concubine under him, so he frees her’. So he said, ‘It is not correct for her that she married until she fulfills her waiting period of
فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ أُمَّ وَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ تَعْتَدُّ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ حُبْلَى اعْتَدَّتْ بِأَبْعَدِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ[3].
Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel Bin Darraj, from one of his companions, ‘He asws said regarding a man who emancipated a mother of his children, then died from her before she had fulfilled her waiting period. He asws said: ‘She would observe the waiting period of four months and ten (days), and if
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ وَلِيدَتَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ وَلِيدَتَهُ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ وَ قَدْ كَانَ يَطَؤُهَا فَقَالَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who emancipated a mother of his child during the death. So he asws said: ‘Her waiting period is a waiting period of the free wo
فِي الْمُدَبَّرَةِ إِذَا مَاتَ مَوْلَاهَا أَنَّ عِدَّتَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَمُوتُ سَيِّدُهَا إِذَا كَانَ سَيِّدُهَا يَطَؤُهَا قِيلَ لَهُ فَالرَّجُلُ يُعْتِقُ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِسَاعَةٍ أَوْ بِيَوْمٍ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ قَالَ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ تَعْتَدُّ بِثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَعْتَقَهَا سَيِّدُهَا[4].
Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Dawood Al Raqy, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the Al-Mudabbira (promised freedom upon the death of her master), when her master dies, that her waiting period is of four months and ten (days) from the day of the death of her master, if her master had
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ السُّرِّيَّةُ لَهُ وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ وَ قَدْ مَاتَ وَلَدُهَا ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُهَا قَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.
Ibn Mahboub, from Sa’dan Bin Muslim, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah asws , ‘The man happens to have a concubine of his with him, and she had given birth from him, and her child had died. Then he emancipated her’. He asws said: ‘It is not Permissible for her that he marries until she fulfills her wait
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا غُلَاماً ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مَاتَ فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَى سَيِّدِهَا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا قَالَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ بِغَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ.
Ibn Mahboub, from Wahab Bin Abd Rabbihi, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who had a mother of his child for him, so he married her to a man, so she gave birth to a boy. Then the man died. So she returned to her master. Is it for him that he copulates with her?’ He asws
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ مَا عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Yaqoub Al Sarraj who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a Christian woman whose husband died from her, and he was a Christian, what is her waiting period?’ He asws said: ‘A waiting period of the free Muslim woman, four months and ten (days)’.
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ جَارِيَتَهُ وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَخْدُمَهُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ فَأَبَقَتْ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَهَا وَرَثَتُهُ أَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَخْدِمُوهَا قَالَ لَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, or said, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan, from Yaqoub Bin Shuayb who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a man who emancipated his slave girl and stipulated a condition upon her that ‘if she were to serve him for five years’. So she remained, then the man died. S