Divorce & Separation

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ بِأُمِّهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَدْ فَعَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا فَلَمْ نَرَ بِهِ بَأْساً فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَفْخَرُ الشِّيعَةُ إِلَّا بِقَضَاءِ عَلِيٍّ ع فِي هَذِهِ الشَّمْخِيَّةِ الَّتِي أَفْتَاهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَتَ

“Once I was with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when a man came and asked about the case of a man who married a woman but she died before going to bed with her; if he could marry her mother. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘A man from us had done so, thus I do not see it as unlawful.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَكَثَ أَيَّاماً مَعَهَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُهَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى مِنْهَا مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ وَ قَدْ رَأَى مِنْ أُمِّهَا مَا قَدْ رَأَى‌[1].

“About the case of a man who marries a woman and lives with her for many days, unable to do anything except that he has seen from her what is unlawful for others to see; then he divorces her; if he can marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ’How can it be proper for him when he has seen of her mother what he has seen?

إِيَّاكُمْ وَ ذَوَاتِ الْأَزْوَاجِ الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ عَلَى غَيْرِ السُّنَّةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَرَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ لِي بِهَا حَاجَةٌ قَالَ فَتَلْقَاهُ بَعْدَ مَا طَلَّقَهَا[2] وَ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُ طَلَّقْتَ فُلَانَةَ فَإِذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَدْ صَارَ تَطْلِيقَةً عَلَى طُهْرٍ فَدَعْهَا مِنْ حِينَ طَلَّقَهَا تِلْكَ التَّطْلِيقَةَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must remain on your guard in the case of married women who are divorced against the Sunnah.’ I asked him (the Imam) that a man has divorced his wife and I am interested. He (the Imam) said, ‘Meet him after he divorces her and waiting period is complete with him then ask him, ‘Hav

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ مِنْ مَوَالِيكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ قَدْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً قَدْ وَافَقَتْهُ وَ أَعْجَبَهُ بَعْضُ شَأْنِهَا وَ قَدْ كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثاً عَلَى غَيْرِ السُّنَّةِ وَ قَدْ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُقْدِمَ عَلَى تَزْوِيجِهَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَكَ فَتَكُونَ أَنْتَ تَأْمُرُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هُوَ الْفَرْجُ وَ أَمْرُ الْفَرْجِ شَدِيدٌ وَ مِنْ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘One of your followers offers greetings of peace to you and he wants to marry a woman who has agreed and he likes her due to certain matters about her and she has a husband who has divorced her three times on non-Sunnah basis. He dislikes marrying her without your instruction so y

يَدَعُهَا حَتَّى تَحِيضَ وَ تَطْهُرَ- ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ وَ مَعَهُ رَجُلَانِ شَاهِدَانِ فَيَقُولُ أَ طَلَّقْتَ فُلَانَةَ فَإِذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ تَرَكَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا إِلَى نَفْسِهَا.

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife three times and then another man wants to marry her and about what he must do, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must wait until she experiences one cycle of menses; then he must go to the man who has divorced her and ask him in the presence of two people, ‘Have you div

إِيَّاكَ وَ الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَإِنَّهُنَّ ذَوَاتُ أَزْوَاجٍ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Beware of the case of a woman divorced three times in one meeting; they are married women.”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً ثُمَّ تَمَتَّعَ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ آخَرُ هَلْ تَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorced his wife three times; then another man formed Mut‘ah with her if thereafter she can become lawful for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it ( Mut‘ah ) is not enough.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلَاقاً لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ‌ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌ وَ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ مُتْعَةً أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا قَالَ لَا حَتَّى تَدْخُلَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife as such that thereafter he cannot marry her without her marriage with another man but a man marries her in the manner of Mut‘ah; if thereafter he can marry her. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until she enters into what

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلَاقاً لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ‌ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدٌ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا هَلْ يُهْدَمُ الطَّلَاقُ قَالَ نَعَمْ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ- حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌[1] وَ قَالَ هُوَ أَحَدُ الْأَزْوَاجِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife in such a way that he cannot remarry her before her marriage with another man, then a slave marries and divorces her; if divorce is destroyed (restriction due to three divorces). He (the Imam) said, ‘Ye

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ الطَّلَاقَ الَّذِي لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ‌ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ آخَرُ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا[2].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife in such a way for which he cannot remarry her without her marriage with another man, then another man marries her and does not go to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not enough until he tast

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ غَيْرُهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مَاتَ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا فَرَاجَعَهَا الْأَوَّلُ قَالَ هِيَ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ بَاقِيَتَيْنِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife once, then leaves her alone until waiting period is complete; then another man marries her, then the man dies or divorces her and the first husband comes back to her. He (the Imam) said, ‘She can live w

كَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ رَوَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ فَتَبِينُ مِنْهُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ فَتَزَوَّجُ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ فَيَمُوتُ عَنْهَا أَوْ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ أَنَّهَا تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ قَدْ مَضَتْ فَوَقَّعَ ع بِخَطِّهِ صَدَقُوا و

“‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad once wrote to abu al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, saying that certain persons of our people have narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife according to the book and Sunnah and she becomes stranger for him after the first divorce; then marries anoth

الْمُلَاعَنَةُ إِذَا لَاعَنَهَا زَوْجُهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً وَ الَّذِي يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً وَ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ الطَّلَاقَ الَّذِي لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ‌ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ تَزَوَّجَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً وَ الْمُحْرِمُ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَد

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman who because of al-Mula‘inah (condemnation) when it (condemnation) is from the husband becomes unlawful for marriage for him forever; a woman who is married during her waiting period knowing all about her condition becomes unlawful for him forever; a woman divorced three times

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا الزَّوْجُ الْأَوَّلُ هَكَذَا ثَلَاثاً لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah, and abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said, ‘If a man (1) divorces a woman then remarries her, then (2) he divorces and the same husband marries her, then (3) divorces her and another man marries her then this man divorces her and the first man marries her then the first husband divorces her in th

فِي رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةً وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ تَقْضِي عِدَّتَهَا فَإِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا[1] وَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ لَهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُ ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُ قَالَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ‌ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْ

“About the case of a man who marries a woman during her waiting period, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘They must separate from each other and she must complete her waiting period. If he has gone to bed with her he must pay mahr (dower) for his going to bed and they must separate from each other. If he has not gone t

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man divorces a woman, then she marries a man then he divorces her then she marries the first man then divorces her and she marries a man then divorces her then she marries the first man then he divorces her, she becomes unlawful for him forever.’”

إِذَا جَمَعَ الرَّجُلُ أَرْبَعاً فَطَلَّقَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ فَلَا يَتَزَوَّجِ الْخَامِسَةَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي طَلَّقَ وَ قَالَ لَا يَجْمَعِ الرَّجُلُ مَاءَهُ فِي خَمْسٍ‌[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man accumulates four wives then divorces one, he cannot marry the fifth before the end of waiting period of the woman whom he has divorced.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘A man cannot deposit his water in five.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ فَيُطَلِّقُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ مَكَانَهَا أُخْرَى قَالَ لَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who has four wives; if he can divorce one and marry in her place another one. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so until her waiting period is complete.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ فَطَلَّقَ وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ نَكَحَ أُخْرَى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ الْعِدَّةَ قَالَ فَلْيُلْحِقْهَا بِأَهْلِهَا حَتَّى تَسْتَكْمِلَ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ أَجَلَهَا وَ تَسْتَقْبِلُ الْأُخْرَى عِدَّةً أُخْرَى وَ لَهَا صَدَاقُهَا إِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهُ مَالُهُ وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ إِن

“About the case of a man who has four wives, who divorces one and marries another one in her place before the waiting period of the one just divorced is complete, I once heard abu Ja’far (a.s.), saying, ‘He must join her with her family until the one just divorced completes her waiting period and the other one must com

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي أُخْتَيْنِ نَكَحَ إِحْدَاهُمَا رَجُلٌ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى ثُمَّ خَطَبَ أُخْتَهَا فَجَمَعَهُمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضَعَ أُخْتُهَا الْمُطَلَّقَةُ وَلَدَهَا فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَ الْأَخِيرَةَ حَتَّى تَضَعَ أُخْتُهَا الْمُطَلَّقَةُ وَلَدَهَا ثُمَّ يَخْطُبُهَا وَ يُصْدِقُهَا صَدَاقاً مَرَّتَيْنِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment about the case of two sisters, of whom one had married a man who divorced her, and she was pregnant, then proposed marriage to her sister and married her before her divorced sister gave birth, he (the Imam) commanded them to separate from the

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ أُخْتَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا بَرِئَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا[1] وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ رَجْعَةٌ فَقَدْ حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ أُخْتَهَا قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ أُخْتَانِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَوَطِئَ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ إِذَا وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى تَم

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man whose wife divorces him in the manner of al-Khula‘ (payment for divorce); if it is permissible to propose marriage to her sister before her waiting period is complete. He (the Imam) said, ‘Since she has set herself free and there is

فَقَالَ إِذَا بَرِئَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ أُخْتَهَا قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أُخْتَانِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَوَطِئَ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ إِذَا وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ الْأُخْرَى قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ بَاعَهَا أَ تَحِلُّ لَهُ الْأُولَى قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبِيعُهَا لِحَاجَةٍ وَ لَا يَخْطُرُ عَلَى

About the case of a man who divorces his wife or she arranges for al-Khula (payment for divorce) or she becomes a stranger to him; if he can marry her sister. He (the Imam) said, ‘When she has freed herself from responsibility and he is not able to go back to her, it then is permissible for him to propose marriage to h

يُمْسِكُ أَرْبَعاً وَ يُطَلِّقُ ثَلَاثاً[3].

“About the case of a Zoroastrian man who became a Muslim and he had seven wives who also became Muslims, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He could keep four and divorce three of them/”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ وَ لَا وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ وَ لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ وَ لَا صَمْتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ لَا تَعَرُّبَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ‌ وَ لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ لِلْوَلَدِ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Breastfeeding after weaning is not effective, continuous fasting is not valid, one is not an orphan after experiencing wet-dream, vowing to remain silen

لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تُطَلَّقُ وَ لَا تَرِثُ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ مُسْتَأْجَرَةٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) is not of four because it has no divorce or inheritance; she is only hired.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ الْقَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ جُرَيْجٍ‌[1] فَسَلْهُ عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا عِلْماً فَلَقِيتُهُ فَأَمْلَى عَلَيَّ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً كَثِيراً فِي اسْتِحْلَالِهَا فَكَانَ فِيمَا رَوَى لِيَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ فِيهَا وَقْتٌ وَ لَا عَدَدٌ إِنَّمَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَاءِ يَتَزَوَّجُ مِنْهُنَّ كَمْ شَاءَ وَ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage). He (the Imam) said, ‘Meet ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Jurayh and ask him about it; he has information about it.’ I met him and he dictated a great deal of issues about its lawfulness. Among the matters that Ibn Jurayj narrated

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَارِفَةً قُلْنَا جُعِلْنَا فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ عَارِفَةً قَالَ فَاعْرِضْ عَلَيْهَا وَ قُلْ لَهَا فَإِنْ قَبِلَتْ فَتَزَوَّجْهَا وَ إِنْ أَبَتْ أَنْ تَرْضَى بِقَوْلِكَ فَدَعْهَا وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْكَوَاشِفَ وَ الدَّوَاعِيَ وَ الْبَغَايَا وَ ذَوَاتِ الْأَزْوَاجِ قُلْتُ مَا الْكَوَاشِفُ قَالَ اللَّوَاتِي يُكَاشِفْنَ وَ بُيُوتُهُنَّ مَعْ

"Yes, if she is knowledgeable." I said: "May I be sacrificed for you, and if she is not knowledgeable?" He said: "Then present the matter to her and say to her, if she accepts, then marry her; but if she refuses to accept your proposal, then leave her. Beware of the 'kawāshif', the 'dawāʿī', the 'baghayā', and the wome

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَيْفَ أَقُولُ لَهَا إِذَا خَلَوْتُ بِهَا قَالَ تَقُولُ أَتَزَوَّجُكِ مُتْعَةً عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص لَا وَارِثَةً وَ لَا مَوْرُوثَةً كَذَا وَ كَذَا يَوْماً وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا سَنَةً بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً وَ تُسَمِّي مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مَا تَرَاضَيْتُمَا عَلَيْهِ قَلِيلًا كَانَ أَمْ كَثِيراً فَإِذَا قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَقَدْ رَضِيَتْ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what I should say when I am with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Say I marry you in the manner of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) according to the book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family wort

قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمُتْعَةَ قَالَ تَقُولُ يَا أَمَةَ اللَّهِ أَتَزَوَّجُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا يَوْماً بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَإِذَا مَضَتْ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامُ كَانَ طَلَاقُهَا فِي شَرْطِهَا وَ لَا عِدَّةَ لَهَا عَلَيْكَ‌[1].

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about how al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) is formed?’ He (the Imam) said that you must say, ‘O female servant of Allah, I marry you for so and so many days for such and such amount of dirham as mahr (dower).’ When the days pass her divorce is her condition and she does not need wa

عِدَّةُ الْمُتْعَةِ خَمْسَةٌ وَ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع يَعْقِدُ بِيَدِهِ خَمْسَةً وَ أَرْبَعِينَ فَإِذَا جَازَ الْأَجَلُ كَانَتْ فُرْقَةٌ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘Waiting period of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) is forty five days. It is as if I see my father count it on his fingers as forty-five and when this time passes separation between them takes place without divorce.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ مُتْعَةً سَنَةً أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ شَيْئاً مَعْلُوماً إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ تَبِينُ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“In response to my question before al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries in the manner of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage) for one year or less or more, he (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible if it is a known matter for a known number of days.’ I then asked if it terminates without divorce. He (the Imam

سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَنْكِحُ جَارِيَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ فِي حِلٍّ فَتَأْبَى فَيَقُولُ إِذاً لَأُطَلِّقَنَّكِ وَ يَجْتَنِبُ فِرَاشَهَا فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي حِلٍّ فَقَالَ هَذَا غَاصِبٌ فَأَيْنَ هُوَ مِنَ اللُّطْفِ.

And by his chain, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Suleyman Bin Salih, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘He asws was asked about the man who marries a slave girl of his wife. Then he asks her if she (the wife) would make him to be in permissibility (with the slave girl), but she refuses. So he is saying,

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ عَبْدُهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوْلَاهُ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُمَا فَإِنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ مَا أَصْدَقَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ اعْتَدَى فَأَصْدَقَهَا صَدَاقاً كَثِيراً وَ إِنْ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُ فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الْأَوَّلِ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع

Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara, from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who got his slave married without his permission. So he slept with her, then notified his master upon that. So he asws said: ‘That is up to his master, if he so desires to, he effects s

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَقَالَ ذَاكَ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيَّ وَ أَصْحَابَهُمَا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ أَصْلَ النِّكَاحِ فَاسِدٌ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِجَازَةُ السَّيِّدِ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ إِنَّمَا عَصَى سَيِّدَهُ فَإِذَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Azina, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about an owned slave who got married without a permission of his master. So he asws said: ‘That is up to his master, if he so desires to he allows it, and if he s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً يَطَؤُهَا فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ لَهَا زَوْجاً قَالَ يَطَؤُهَا فَإِنَّ بَيْعَهَا طَلَاقُهَا وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمَا لَا يَقْدِرَانِ عَلَى شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمَا إِذَا بِيعَا[1].

Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, and Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, altogether from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Al Hassan Bin Ziyad who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a man who bought a slave girl. He slept with her, and (news) reached him that for her is a husband.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الْأَمَةِ تُبَاعُ وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَقَالَ صَفْقَتُهَا طَلَاقُهَا.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Abdullah who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the slave girl who is sold and for her is a husband. So he asws said: ‘Her take-over is her divorce’.

قَالا مَنِ اشْتَرَى مَمْلُوكَةً لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَإِنَّ بَيْعَهَا طَلَاقُهَا فَإِنْ شَاءَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا

Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina, from Bukeyr Bin Ayn, and Bureyd Bin Muawiya, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws and Abu Abdullah asws both having said: ‘The one who buys a slave girl who has a husband for her, so her sale is her divorce. So, if the buyer so desires to, he effects sepa

طَلَاقُ الْأَمَةِ بَيْعُهَا أَوْ بَيْعُ زَوْجِهَا وَ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ أَمَتَهُ رَجُلًا حُرّاً ثُمَّ يَبِيعُهَا قَالَ هُوَ فِرَاقُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُشْتَرِي أَنْ يَدَعَهُمَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al A'ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws having said: ‘A divorce of the slave girl is her sale, or sale of her husband’. And he asws said regarding the man who married his sl

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَمَةٌ فَزَوَّجَاهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا اشْتَرَى بَعْضَ السَّهْمَيْنِ قَالَ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِشِرَائِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بَيْعَهَا طَلَاقُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِهِمْ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Zurara, from Sama’at who said, ‘I asked him asws about two men who had a slave girl between them, so they got her married to a man. Then the man bought part of their shares. He asws said: ‘She is Prohibited unto him

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي سُرِّيَّةِ رَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَأَنْكَحَهَا عَبْدَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ سَيِّدُهَا وَ أَعْتَقَهَا فَوَرِثَ وَلَدُهَا زَوْجَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَدُهَا فَوَرِثَتْ زَوْجَهَا مِنْ وَلَدِهَا فَجَاءَا يَخْتَلِفَانِ يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتِي وَ لَا أُطَلِّقُهَا وَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَقُولُ عَبْدِي وَ لَا يُجَامِعْنِي فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَا أَم

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najra, from Aasim Bin Humeyr, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws judged regarding a concubine of a man who gave birth for her master. Then he isolated from her, so his slave married her. Then her master d

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَوْصَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ ع بِالْمَرْأَةِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي طَلَاقُهَا إِلَّا مِنْ فَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Jibril advised me about women (so much) that I began to think of divorce as an improper act unless it is because of openly proven indecency.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ وَ مَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتاهُ اللَّهُ‌[3] قَالَ إِذَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا مَا يُقِيمُ ظَهْرَهَا مَعَ كِسْوَةٍ وَ إِلَّا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا[4].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . one who suffers from constraint in his sustenance must spend from whatever Allah has granted him.’ (65:7) He (the Imam) said, ‘He must provide her with basic necessities and clothes, otherwise, j

ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ قُلْتُ لِجَمِيلٍ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ قَالَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ- عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ إِذَا كَسَاهَا مَا يُوَارِي عَوْرَتَهَا وَ يُطْعِمُهَا مَا يُقِيمُ صُلْبَهَا أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِلَّا طَلَّقَهَا.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘A man is not compelled, but for providing the expenses of his parents and children.’ He (the narrator) has said that Ibn Abi ‘Umayr has said, ‘I asked Jamil about the woman and he said that ‘Anbasah has narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who has said that if one provides clothes for

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ صَاحِبِ الْعَسْكَرِ ع أَنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ بِأَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ لَمْ أَسْأَلْ عَنْ أَسْمَائِهِنَّ ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ طَلَاقَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ وَ تَزْوِيجَ امْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى فَكَتَبَ انْظُرْ إِلَى عَلَامَةٍ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ فَتَقُولُ اشْهَدُوا أَنَّ فُلَانَةَ الَّتِي بِهَا عَلَامَةُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا هِيَ طَالِقٌ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجُ الْأُخْرَى إِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ.

31. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja’far from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Mutahhar who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan Sahib al-‘Askar saying, ‘I have married four women and have not asked for their names. I want to divorce one of them and marry another woman. He (the Imam) wrote

مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ يَجْتَمِعَانِ بِنِكَاحٍ حَلَالٍ حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ زَوَّجَ فُلَاناً فُلَانَةَ وَ قَالَ وَ لَا يَفْتَرِقُ زَوْجَانِ حَلَالًا حَتَّى يُنَادِيَ مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَذِنَ فِي فِرَاقِ فُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانَةَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When two believing people come together by means of lawful marriage a caller from the sky announces, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has given so and so in marriage to so and so, and when a wife and husband separate (divorce) in a lawful manner, a caller from the sky announces,

كُلُّ زِنًى سِفَاحٌ وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّ سِفَاحٍ زِنًى لِأَنَّ مَعْنَى الزِّنَى فِعْلُ حَرَامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْحَلَالِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا الْفِعْلُ بِكُلِّيَّتِهِ حَرَاماً مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ كَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْعِلَّةُ رَأْسَ كُلِّ فَاحِشَةٍ وَ رَأْسَ كُلِّ حَرَامٍ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْفُرُوجِ كُلِّهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ يَكُونُ فِعْلُ الزِّنَى عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنَ الْعِبَادِ وَ أَج

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- لا تُضَارَّ والِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِها وَ لا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ‌[1] فَقَالَ كَانَتِ الْمَرَاضِعُ مِمَّا يَدْفَعُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْجِمَاعَ تَقُولُ لَا أَدَعُكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ أَحْبَلَ فَأَقْتُلَ وَلَدِي هَذَا الَّذِي أُرْضِعُهُ وَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ تَدْعُوهُ الْمَرْأَةُ فَيَقُولُ أَخَافُ أَنْ أُجَامِعَكِ فَأَقْتُلَ وَلَدِي فَيَدَعُهَا وَ لَا يُجَ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . a mother must not be harmed because of her child nor must a father be harmed because of his child.’ (2:232) He (the Imam) said, ‘This is a reference to the case of breastfeeding woman when man persued her for going to be

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ أَحَقُّ بِوَلَدِهِ أَمِ الْمَرْأَةُ قَالَ لَا بَلِ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنْ قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا أَنَا أُرْضِعُ ابْنِي بِمِثْلِ مَا تَجِدُ مَنْ تُرْضِعُهُ- فَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), if a man has more right for the custody of a child or woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, the man has more right. If a divorced woman asks for breastfeeding her child for the same price as others, then she has more right for breastfeeding.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ نَكَحَتْ عَبْداً فَأَوْلَدَهَا أَوْلَاداً ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَمْ تُقِمْ مَعَ وُلْدِهَا وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدَ أَنَّهَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ وُلْدَهُ مِنْهَا وَ قَالَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهِمْ‌ مِنْكِ إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا وُلْدَهَا وَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَتْ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوُلْ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a free woman who has married a slave who has given birth to several children. She is then divorced and then does not stay with her children but marries another man. The slave then finds out about her marriage. He wants to take his children from her saying that he h

مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِرَجُلٍ فَقَالَ مَا فَعَلْتَ امْرَأَتَكَ قَالَ طَلَّقْتُهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَزَوَّجَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَالَ تَزَوَّجْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا فَعَلْتَ امْرَأَتَكَ قَالَ طَلَّقْتُهَا قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَزَوَّجَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ ال

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, passed by a man and asked, ’How is your wife doing?’ He said, ‘I have divorced her, O Messenger of Allah.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Did you do it witho