Family & Kinship

لَمَّا خَطَبَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّهَا صَبِيَّةٌ قَالَ فَلَقِيَ الْعَبَّاسَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا لِي أَ بِي بَأْسٌ قَالَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ قَالَ خَطَبْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَخِيكَ فَرَدَّنِي أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ لَأُعَوِّرَنَّ زَمْزَمَ‌[4] وَ لَا أَدَعُ لَكُمْ مَكْرُمَةً إِلَّا هَدَمْتُهَا وَ لَأُقِيمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ شَاهِدَيْنِ بِأَنَّهُ سَرَقَ وَ لَأَقْطَعَنَّ يَمِينَهُ فَأَتَاهُ الْعَبَّاسُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَ سَ

‘When he (Umar) proposed marriage with ‘Umm Kulthum, ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), said, ‘She is yet just a child.’ He (Umar) has said that he saw al-‘Abbas and asked, ‘What is wrong with me, is there something wrong with me?’ He (al-‘Abbas) asked, ‘What is the matter?’ He replied saying, ‘I proposed marriage before the so

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ زَوَّجَ كَرِيمَتَهُ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ فَقَدْ قَطَعَ رَحِمَهَا[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one gives his daughter in marriage to a man who drinks wine, he has cut off the relation that relatives are commanded to maintain.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ لَا يُزَوَّجُ إِذَا خَطَبَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If one who drinks wine proposes for marriage, it must not be accepted.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ بَعْدَ مَا حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِي فَلَيْسَ بِأَهْلٍ أَنْ يُزَوَّجَ إِذَا خَطَبَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If one who after knowing that Allah has, through my words, made wine unlawful, drinks wine, his proposal for marriage must not be accepted.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِامْرَأَتِي أُخْتاً عَارِفَةً عَلَى رَأْيِنَا وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى رَأْيِنَا بِالْبَصْرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ فَأُزَوِّجُهَا مِمَّنْ لَا يَرَى رَأْيَهَا قَالَ لَا وَ لَا نِعْمَةَ [وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ] إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ‌ فَلا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَ‌[1].

"I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (al-Sadiq) (as), about the case of the sister of my wife who is of the same belief as we are; but in Basra very few people believe as we do; if we can give her in marriage to those who do not believe as we do?". He (the Imam) said: "No, it is not a bounty or honor. Allah, most Majestic, most Glor

كَانَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِهِ يُرِيدُ التَّزْوِيجَ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ امْرَأَةً مُسْلِمَةً مُوَافِقَةً فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنَ الْبُلْهِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ شَيْئاً.

“Someone in my family wanted to get married but could not find a suitable Muslimah and I mentioned it to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘Why does he not find simple-minded women who do not know anything.’”

قُلْتُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي مُنَاكَحَةِ النَّاسِ فَإِنِّي قَدْ بَلَغْتُ مَا تَرَى وَ مَا تَزَوَّجْتُ قَطُّ قَالَ وَ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ مَا يَمْنَعُنِي إِلَّا أَنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ يَحِلُّ لِي مُنَاكَحَتُهُمْ فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي قَالَ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ وَ أَنْتَ شَابٌّ أَ تَصْبِرُ قُلْتُ أَتَّخِذُ الْجَوَارِيَ قَالَ فَهَاتِ الْآنَ فَبِمَ تَسْتَحِلُّ الْجَوَارِيَ أَخْبِرْنِي فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ الْأَمَةَ لَي

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the marriage of people. ‘I, as you can see, of this age have not married yet.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What holds you back from getting married?’ I replied, ‘The only thing that holds me back is that I am afraid marrying them is not lawful and I wish to see

هُمْ رِجَالٌ وَ نِسَاءٌ كَانُوا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مَشْهُورِينَ بِالزِّنَا فَنَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ أُولَئِكَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ النَّاسُ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ شَهَرَ شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ فَلَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ حَتَّى تُعْرَفَ تَوْبَتُهُ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the word of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘A prostitute man cannot marry but a prostitute woman or a pagan,’ (24:4) has said, ‘During the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, there were well-known

سَأَلْتُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا يَهُودِيَّةً فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ ذَلِكَ مُوَسَّعٌ مِنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ خَاصَّةً فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ‌ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَزَوَّجُ أَمَةً قَالَ لَا لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ثَلَاثَ إِمَاءٍ فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهِمَا حُرَّةً مُسْلِمَةً وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ لَهُ امْرَأَةً نَصْرَانِيَّة

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a Christian wife; if he can marry a Jewish woman as a second wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘People of the book are under the domain of the Imam and there is permission from us for you especially, so it is not unlawful to marry.’ I then asked, ‘Can he marry a

إِنْ شَاءَتِ الْحُرَّةُ أَنْ تُقِيمَ مَعَ الْأَمَةِ أَقَامَتْ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَرْضَ بِذَلِكَ وَ ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا أَ فَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا سَبِيلٌ إِذَا لَمْ تَرْضَ بِالْمَقَامِ قَالَ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا لَمْ تَرْضَ حِينَ تَعْلَمُ قُلْتُ فَذَهَابُهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا هُوَ طَلَاقُهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ اعْتَدَّتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أ

“About the case of a man who marries a free woman and he has a wife who is a slave-girl and the free woman does not know that he has a slave-girl wife, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the free woman wants to live with his slave-girl wife, she can do so and if she wants she can go to her family.’ I then asked, ‘If

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا جَلَبَ وَ لَا جَنَبَ وَ لَا شِغَارَ[1] فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الشِّغَارُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ ابْنَتَهُ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ يَتَزَوَّجَ هُوَ ابْنَةَ الْمُتَزَوِّجِ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ لَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا مَهْرٌ غَيْرُ تَزْوِيجِ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا وَ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘In Islam al-Jalb, al-Janb and Shighar are not permissible. Shighar is one man’s giving in marriage his daughter or sister to another man to m

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ نِكَاحِ الشِّغَارِ وَ هِيَ الْمُمَانَحَةُ[2] وَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ حَتَّى أُزَوِّجَكَ ابْنَتِي عَلَى أَنْ لَا مَهْرَ بَيْنَهُمَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited marriage in the manner of Shighar which is giving away and it is done by one man’s saying to the other man, ‘Give your daughter in marriage to me so tha

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص حِينَ تَزَوَّجَ- مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ أَوْلَمَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَطْعَمَ النَّاسَ الْحَيْسَ‌[1].

when the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, married Maymunah, daughter of al-Harith, he served food to people and it was mashed dates with the stones removed, with ghee.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ الْوَلِيمَةُ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ حَقٌّ وَ الثَّانِيَ مَعْرُوفٌ وَ مَا زَادَ رِيَاءٌ وَ سُمْعَةٌ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Serving food in a wedding ceremo

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَدْ زَوَّجْنَاكَ عَلَى شَرْطِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِذَا حَمِدَ اللَّهَ فَقَدْ خَطَبَ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Ash’ariy from ‘Abd Allah ibn Maymun al- Qaddah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when solemnizing a marriage at the table of food would say no more than

إِنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي إِمَارَةِ عُثْمَانَ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ وَ هُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجُوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ هَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْ نُخْجِلَ عَلِيّاً السَّاعَةَ نَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ بِنَا وَ نَتَكَلَّمُ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْجَلُ وَ يَعْيَا بِالْكَلَامِ‌[1] فَأَقْبَلُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that one day a group of banu ‘Umayyah during the time of the government of ‘Uthman came together in Masjid of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah,

زَوَّجَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَ كَانَ يَلِي أَمْرَهَا فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْجَبَّارِ الْحَلِيمِ الْغَفَّارِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ الْكَبِيرِ الْمُتَعَالِ‌ سَواءٌ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ أَسَرَّ الْقَوْلَ وَ مَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَ مَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ سارِبٌ‌ بِالنَّهارِ[2] أَحْمَدُهُ وَ أَسْتَعِينُهُ وَ أُومِنُ بِهِ وَ أَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْهِ‌ وَ كَفى‌ بِ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin once gave a woman from banu ‘ Abd al-Muttalib in marriage, solemnized her marriage and said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, most Majestic, most Powerful, the Forbearing, the Forgiving, the one Dominant, the most Great, most High - no matter whatever anyone of you says

خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِهَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةِ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ أَحْمَدُهُ وَ أَسْتَعِينُهُ وَ أَسْتَغْفِرُهُ وَ أَسْتَهْدِيهِ وَ أُومِنُ بِهِ وَ أَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً ص عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ‌ بِالْهُدى‌ وَ دِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ* دَلِيلًا عَلَيْهِ وَ دَاعِياً إِلَيْهِ

3. Ahmad ibn ‘Isma’il ibn Mehran has said that narrated to us ‘Abd al-Malik ibn abu al-Harith from Jabir who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once addressed with the following speech: ‘All praise belongs to Allah, I praise Him, beg assistance from

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ قَالَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ أَحْمَدُهُ وَ أَسْتَعِينُهُ وَ أُومِنُ بِهِ وَ أَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ‌ بِالْهُدى‌ وَ دِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَ لَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ* وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آل

4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn al-‘Arzamiy from his father who has said the following: “When ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wanted to solemnize a marriage he would say, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, I praise Him, beg assistance from Him, believe in Him and place my trust with Him and I testify that n

أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ عَبْدٌ لَمْ يَعْبُدْ أَحَداً غَيْرَهُ اصْطَفَاهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَ أَمِيناً عَلَى وَحْيِهِ وَ رَسُولًا إِلَى خَلْقِهِ فَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَقَدْ سَمِعْنَا مَقَالَتَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمُ الْأَحْيَاءُ الْأَقْرَبُونَ نَرْغَبُ فِي مُصَاهَرَتِكُمْ وَ نُسْعِفُكُمْ بِحَاجَتِكُمْ وَ نَضَنُّ بِإِخَائ

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), as response in Khutbah for marriage has said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah who chooses praise especially for Himself, glorified is thereby His mention and facilitated thereby is His command. We praise Him without any doubt in it; we see what we prepare in the hope for success and as key to its

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع يَخْطُبُ بِهَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الْعَالِمِ بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَدِينَ لَهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ دَائِنٌ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مُؤَلِّفِ الْأَسْبَابِ بِمَا جَرَتْ بِهِ الْأَقْلَامُ وَ مَضَتْ بِهِ الْأَحْتَامُ مِنْ سَابِقِ عِلْمِهِ وَ مُقَدَّرِ حُكْمِهِ أَحْمَدُهُ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِهِ مِنْ نِقَمِهِ وَ أَسْتَهْدِي اللَّهَ الْهُدَى وَ أَعُوذُ بِ

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I heard abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, give the following as Khutbah (sermon) when solemnizing a marriage: ‘All praise belongs to Allah who knows what is to come into being be

خَطَبَ الرِّضَا ع هَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي حَمِدَ فِي الْكِتَابِ نَفْسَهُ وَ افْتَتَحَ بِالْحَمْدِ كِتَابَهُ وَ جَعَلَ الْحَمْدَ أَوَّلَ جَزَاءِ مَحَلِّ نِعْمَتِهِ وَ آخِرَ دَعْوَى أَهْلِ جَنَّتِهِ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ شَهَادَةً أُخْلِصُهَا لَهُ وَ أَدَّخِرُهَا عِنْدَهُ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خَاتَمِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ خَيْرِ الْبَرِيَّةِ وَ

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn Hakim who has said the following: “Al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once read the following as Khutbah (sermon) when solemnizing a marriage: ‘All praise belongs to Allah who has praised Himself in the book and has opened His book with it, has made it the first reward of

كَانَ الرِّضَا ع يَخْطُبُ فِي النِّكَاحِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ إِجْلَالًا لِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ خُضُوعاً لِعِزَّتِهِ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ‌ خَلَقَ مِنَ الْماءِ بَشَراً فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَ صِهْراً إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.

'All praise is due to Allah, in reverence of His power; there is no deity but Allah, in submission to His might; and may Allah send blessings upon Muhammad and his family when His name is mentioned. Indeed, Allah created mankind from water and made them kin and by marriage, up to the end of the verse.'"

لَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتَ خُوَيْلِدٍ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى وَرَقَةَ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ فَابْتَدَأَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ بِالْكَلَامِ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي جَعَلَنَا مِنْ زَرْعِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ أَنْزَلَنَا حَرَماً آمِناً وَ جَعَلَنَا الْحُكَّامَ عَل

9. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Hassan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Kathir who has said the following: “When the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, decided to marry Khadijah daughter of Khuwayli

كَانَ صَدَاقُ النَّبِيِّ ص اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشّاً وَ الْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَ النَّشُّ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً وَ هُوَ نِصْفُ الْأُوقِيَّةِ[3].

‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to twenty dirham and it is equal to one-half of al- Awqiyah.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ سَاقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشّاً وَ الْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَ النَّشُّ نِصْفُ الْأُوقِيَّةِ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قُلْتُ بِوَزْنِنَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid to his wives was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to one-half of al-Awqiyah. It was five hundred dirham/

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص نِسَاءَهُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشّاً وَ الْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَ النَّشُّ نِصْفُ الْأُوقِيَّةِ وَ هُوَ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً.

‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid to his wives was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to one-half of al-Awqiyah which is twenty dirham.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ مَهْرِ السُّنَّةِ كَيْفَ صَارَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْجَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَلَّا يُكَبِّرَهُ مُؤْمِنٌ مِائَةَ تَكْبِيرَةٍ وَ يُسَبِّحَهُ مِائَةَ تَسْبِيحَةٍ وَ يُحَمِّدَهُ مِائَةَ تَحْمِيدَةٍ وَ يُهَلِّلَهُ مِائَةَ تَهْلِيلَةٍ وَ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ اللَّهُمَّ زَوِّجْنِي مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ إِلَّا ز

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from al-Husayn ibn Khalid and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Uthman al-Khazzaz from a man from al-Husayn ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about mahr (

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَاطِمَةَ ع عَلَى دِرْعٍ حُطَمِيَّةٍ[2] يَسْوَى ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً.

‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged the marriage of Fatimah and Ali, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, for a mahr (dower) from one shield made by Hatmiyah (a certain people) valued at thirty dirham.’”

زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلِيّاً فَاطِمَةَ ع عَلَى دِرْعٍ حُطَمِيَّةٍ وَ كَانَ فِرَاشُهَا إِهَابَ كَبْشٍ يَجْعَلَانِ الصُّوفَ إِذَا اضْطَجَعَا تَحْتَ جُنُوبِهِمَا.

‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged marriage of Ali and Fatimah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, with a mahr (dower) from a shield made by Hatmiyah and their bed was made of the hide of ram and when sleeping they would turn its fury face un

زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلِيّاً- فَاطِمَةَ ع عَلَى دِرْعٍ حُطَمِيَّةٍ يُسَاوِي ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged the marriage of Fatimah and Ali, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, for a mahr (dower) from one shield made by Hatmiyah (a certain people) valued at thirty dirham.’”

لَمَّا زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَلِيّاً فَاطِمَةَ ع دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَ هِيَ تَبْكِي فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا يُبْكِيكِ فَوَ اللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِي خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ مَا زَوَّجْتُكِهِ وَ مَا أَنَا زَوَّجْتُهُ وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ زَوَّجَكِ وَ أَصْدَقَ عَنْكِ الْخُمُسَ مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘When the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged the marriage of Ali and Fatimah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, he went to see her but found her weeping. He (the Messenger of Allah) asked her, ‘What has made you w

إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ع قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص زَوَّجْتَنِي بِالْمَهْرِ الْخَسِيسِ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا أَنَا زَوَّجْتُكِ وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ زَوَّجَكِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ جَعَلَ مَهْرَكِ خُمُسَ الدُّنْيَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, said to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘You have given me in marriage for a very little mahr (dower).’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘I have not given you in marriage but

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى حُكْمِهَا قَالَ لَا يُجَاوِزْ حُكْمُهَا مُهُورَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشّاً وَ هُوَ وَزْنُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ وَ رَضِيَتْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا حَكَمَ مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَيْهَا قَلِيلًا كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَكَيْفَ لَم

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman following her command to form the marriage contract. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her command in the matters of mahr (dower) must stay within the amount of mahr (dower) of the family of Muhammad (SAW), which is twelve Awqiyah

لَهَا الْمُتْعَةُ وَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَ لَا مَهْرَ لَهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا وَ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى حُكْمِهَا قَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا وَ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى حُكْمِهَا لَا يُجَاوِزُ حُكْمُهَا عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ‌[2] فِضَّةً مُهُورِ نِسَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.

“About the case of a man who marries a woman on her command and decision or according to his decision and command then he or she dies before they go to bed with each other, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘She can have advantage and inheritance but has no mahr (dower)/ I then asked what happens if he divorces her after ma

جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَتْ زَوِّجْنِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ لِهَذِهِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ زَوِّجْنِيهَا فَقَالَ مَا تُعْطِيهَا فَقَالَ مَا لِي شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ لَا قَالَ فَأَعَادَتْ فَأَعَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْكَلَامَ فَلَمْ يَقُمْ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُ الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ أَعَادَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْمَرَّةِ الثَّالِثَةِ أَ تُحْسِنُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئاً

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once a woman came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘You must give me in marriage.’ The Messenger of Allah, asked, ‘Is there anyone for her?’ A man stood up and said, ‘I am for her, O Messenger

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ وَ أَمْهَرَهَا بَيْتاً وَ خَادِماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ يُؤْخَذُ الْمَهْرُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْبَيْتُ وَ الْخَادِمُ قَالَ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ‌[2] وَ الْخَادِمُ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْخَدَمِ قُلْتُ ثَلَاثِينَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً وَ الْبَيْتُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ هَذَا سَبْعِينَ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ مِائَةً نَحْ

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave his daughter in marriage to the son of his brother with a mahr (dower) of a house and a servant and the man died. He (the Imam) said, ‘Mahr (dower) is paid from medium kinds of assets.’ I (the narrator) than asked, ‘What is the condition of the house an

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقاً ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَهَا صَدَاقُ نِسَائِهَا.

“About the case of a man who marries a woman without assigning any mahr (dower) and goes to bed with her, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She has a mahr (dower) similar to that for the women of her family.’”

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ تَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ صَارَ مُهُورُ النِّسَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ كَانَتْ بِالْحَبَشَةِ فَخَطَبَهَا النَّبِيُّ ص وَ سَاقَ إِلَيْهَا عَنْهُ النَّجَاشِيُّ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا الْمَهْرُ فَاثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشٌّ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked, ‘Do you know why mahr (dower) of women has become four thousand?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, “Umm Habibah, daughter of abu Sufyan was in al-Habashah (Ethiopia) and the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services t

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ تَصَدَّقَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا بِمَهْرِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهَا بِكُلِّ دِينَارٍ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ بِالْهِبَةِ بَعْدَ الدُّخُولِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَوَدَّةِ وَ الْأُلْفَةِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If a woman gives her mahr (dower) as charity to her husband before going to bed with her, Allah writes for her for every dinar freeing of a slave.’ It was ask

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تَهَبُ نَفْسَهَا لِلرَّجُلِ يَنْكِحُهَا بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ هَذَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ص وَ أَمَّا لِغَيْرِهِ فَلَا يَصْلُحُ هَذَا حَتَّى يُعَوِّضَهَا شَيْئاً يُقَدِّمُ إِلَيْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ وَ لَوْ ثَوْبٌ أَوْ دِرْهَمٌ وَ قَالَ يُجْزِئُ الدِّرْهَمُ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who gives herself as a gift to a man for marriage. He (the Imam) said, ‘This was only for the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, but for others it is not prop

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ امْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَها لِلنَّبِيِ‌[1] فَقَالَ لَا تَحِلُّ الْهِبَةُ إِلَّا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَمَّا غَيْرُهُ فَلَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحٌ إِلَّا بِمَهْرٍ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘A believing woman who gifts herself to the Holy Prophet. . . .’ (33:50) He (the Imam) said that such gift is not lawful except for the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their serv

لَا تَحِلُّ الْهِبَةُ إِلَّا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَمَّا غَيْرُهُ فَلَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحٌ إِلَّا بِمَهْرٍ.

‘(A woman’s) gifting herself is not lawful except to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and in other people’s case, marriage is not proper without mahr (dower).”’

لَا إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ لَيْسَ لِغَيْرِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُعَوِّضَهَا شَيْئاً قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ.

“About the case of a woman who gifts herself or her guardian gifts her to a man, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘No, it was only for the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and not for others unless it is in exchange for something, little

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَ أَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَنْهَا فَادَّعَتْ شَيْئاً مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا عَلَى وَرَثَةِ زَوْجِهَا فَجَاءَتْ تَطْلُبُهُ مِنْهُمْ وَ تَطْلُبُ الْمِيرَاثَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْمِيرَاثُ فَلَهَا أَنْ تَطْلُبَهُ وَ أَمَّا الصَّدَاقُ فَالَّذِي أَخَذَتْ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا هُوَ الَّذِي حَلَّ لِلزَّوْجِ بِهِ فَرْجُهَا قَلِيلًا كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً إِذَا هِيَ قَبَضَ

“About the case of a man who marries a woman, goes to bed with her, makes her to give birth to children, then dies and she asks something of her mahr (dower) from the heirs of the deceased as well as her share of inheritance, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘She can ask for her share of inheritance but mahr (dower) is wha

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الزَّوْجِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ يَهْلِكَانِ جَمِيعاً فَيَأْتِي وَرَثَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ فَيَدَّعُونَ عَلَى وَرَثَةِ الرَّجُلِ الصَّدَاقَ فَقَالَ وَ قَدْ هَلَكَا وَ قُسِمَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ شَيْ‌ءٌ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ حَيَّةً فَجَاءَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ زَوْجِهَا تَدَّعِي صَدَاقَهَا فَقَالَ لَا شَيْ‌ءَ لَهَا وَ قَدْ أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ مُقِرَّةً حَتَّى

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a husband and wife who both die and the heirs of the woman ask the heirs of the man to pay her mahr (dower). He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no such right for them/ I then asked, ‘What happens if woman is living and after his death comes and

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فَادَّعَتْ أَنَّ صَدَاقَهَا مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ وَ ذَكَرَ الزَّوْجُ أَنَّ صَدَاقَهَا خَمْسُونَ دِينَاراً وَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الزَّوْجِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ.

“About the case of a man who marries a woman but he does not go to bed with her and she claims that her mahr (dower) is one hundred dinar while the husband says that it is fifty dinar and there is no witness, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘The words of the husband are accepted on oath.’”

إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ ادَّعَتِ الْمَهْرَ وَ قَالَ قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُكِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينُ‌[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man goes to bed with his wife then she asks for her mahr (dower) and he says that he has paid, he must present testimony and take an oath.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنا لَكَ أَزْواجَكَ‌[2] قُلْتُ كَمْ أُحِلَّ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ قُلْتُ قَوْلُهُ‌ لا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّساءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَ لا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْواجٍ‌[1] فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَنْكِحَ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ بَنَاتِ عَمِّهِ وَ بَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِهِ وَ بَنَاتِ خَالِهِ وَ بَنَاتِ خَالاتِهِ وَ أَ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘O Holy prophet, we have made your wives lawful for you’ (33:50) and that how many wives has He made lawful for him (the Holy Prophet)? He (the Imam) said, ‘As many as he wanted were lawful for him? I

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- لا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّساءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَ لا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْواجٍ وَ لَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا ما مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ‌ فَقَالَ أَرَاكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ مَا لَمْ يَحِلَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَا شَاءَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ‌ ل

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Other than these women are not lawful or to exchange wives even though their beauty may attract you except what your right hands possess?(33:52) He (the Imam) said, ‘I see that you think it is lawful f