Food & Eating

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[6] عَنِ الْقَلْسِ وَ هِيَ الْجُشْأَةُ[1] يَرْتَفِعُ الطَّعَامُ مِنْ جَوْفِ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَقَيَّأَ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ لَا يَنْقُضُ ذَلِكَ وُضُوءَهُ وَ لَا يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَهُ وَ لَا يُفَطِّرُ صِيَامَهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about burping which is belching and brings food up from the inside of a man without vomiting and when he is standing in Salat (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not invalidate his wudu’, destroy his Salat (prayer) or invalidate his fast.’”

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ لَيْسَ بِطَعَامٍ وَ لَا شَرَابٍ.[3] - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَرَّاءِ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“About a fasting person’s use of kohl (special powder for eye treatment) abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that it is not harmful, because it is not a drink or food.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sulayman al-Farra’ from more than one person who have narrated a similar Hadith from abu

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّرْجِسِ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّهُ رَيْحَانُ الْأَعَاجِمِ‌[4]. وَ أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّ الْأَعَاجِمَ كَانَتْ تَشَمُّهُ إِذَا صَامُوا وَ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ يُمْسِكُ الْجُوعَ.[1]

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), prohibiting the use of Narcissus. I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is that? He (the Imam) said, ’Because it is the perfume of non- Arabs.’ Certain persons of our people have narrated that non- Arabs wear this perfume when fasting and say t

إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا كَانَتْ تَمْضَغُ لِلْحَسَنِ ثُمَّ لِلْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

‘Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, would chew food for al- Hassan and al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, when she was fasting in the month of Ramadan.’”

لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِطَعَامٍ‌[3].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has narrated from his ancestors who have said that Ali (a.s.), upon being asked about a fly entering the throat of a fasting person, said, ‘There is no Qada’ (compensatory fast) on him because it is not food.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَبِيرٍ ضَعُفَ عَنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَتَصَدَّقُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ بِمَا يُجْزِئُ مِنْ طَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ.

‘He pays a ransom of one meal to a destitute person for every day.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِمَا.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), say, ‘An old man and one who suffers from thirst have permission not to fast in the month of Ramadan, and instead each one pays a ransom of one mud of food for every day, and thereafter they are not obligated for any Qada’ (compensatory fast). If they cannot afford, they are not obligat

الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُطِيقُونَ الصَّوْمَ فَأَصَابَهُمْ كِبَرٌ أَوْ عُطَاشٌ أَوْ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِمْ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ.

“This is about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Those who cannot afford, feed sixty destitute persons.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Those who were able to fast but now because of old age or thirst and so on (cannot fast), must pay one mud of food for every day of fast.’”

يَشْرَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يُمْسِكُ بِهِ رَمَقَهُ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَرْوَى‌[1].

“About a man who becomes thirsty and is afraid for his life, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He can drink to spare his life but not to fill himself up.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لَنَا فَتَيَاتٍ وَ شُبَّاناً لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى الصِّيَامِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا يُصِيبُهُمْ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ قَالَ فَلْيَشْرَبُوا بِقَدْرِ مَا تَرْوَى بِهِ نُفُوسُهُمْ وَ مَا يَحْذَرُونَ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of our young women and man who are not able to fast because of thirst. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can drink to quench their souls and to remove their fear.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْحَامِلُ الْمُقْرِبُ وَ الْمُرْضِعُ الْقَلِيلَةُ اللَّبَنِ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِأَنَّهُمَا لَا تُطِيقَانِ الصَّوْمَ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يُفْطِرُ فِيهِ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَضَاءُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَتَا فِيهِ تَقْضِيَانِهِ بَعْدُ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْ

“I once heard abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘It is not harmful for a pregnant woman near her childbirth and a breastfeeding woman who has little milk not to fast in the month of Ramadan. They cannot fast, they must pay a ransom of one mud of food for every day and they are required to make Qada’ (compensatory fast)

حُمِمْتُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَوْماً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِقَصْعَةٍ فِيهَا خَلٌّ وَ زَيْتٌ وَ قَالَ أَفْطِرْ وَ صَلِّ وَ أَنْتَ قَاعِدٌ.

“Once in al-Madinah, during the month of Ramadan, I had fever, and abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), sent a bowl with olive oil and vinegar in it and said, ’Eat and perform Salat (prayer) in a sitting position.”’

الصَّائِمُ إِذَا خَافَ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ مِنَ الرَّمَدِ أَفْطَرَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a fasting person is afraid about the illness of his eyes, he is allowed to eat.’”

إِذَا صُدِّعَ صُدَاعاً شَدِيداً وَ إِذَا حُمَّ حُمَّى شَدِيدَةً وَ إِذَا رَمِدَتْ عَيْنَاهُ رَمَداً شَدِيداً فَقَدْ حَلَّ لَهُ الْإِفْطَارُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a fasting man who feels a severe headache if he can eat. He (the Imam) said, ‘If one feels severe headache, a severe fever and a severe eye illness, then it is lawful for him to discontinue his fasting.’”

اشْتَكَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا عَيْنَهَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ تُفْطِرَ وَ قَالَ عَشَاءُ اللَّيْلِ لِعَيْنِكِ رَدِيٌّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once in the month of Ramadan ‘Umm Salamah complained of illness of her eyes. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, commanded her to eat, saying, ‘Not to eat until supper can cause the demise of your eyes.

سَأَلْتُهُمَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَرِضَ فَلَمْ يَصُمْ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانٌ آخَرُ فَقَالا إِنْ كَانَ بَرَأَ ثُمَّ تَوَانَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ رَمَضَانُ الْآخَرِ صَامَ الَّذِي أَدْرَكَهُ وَ تَصَدَّقَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانٌ آخَرُ صَامَ الَّذِي أَدْرَكَهُ وَ تَصَدَّقَ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُد

“I once asked one of the two Imam, abu Ja‘far, or abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a patient who does not fast until the next month of Ramadan. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he became well but due to laziness did not fast before the next month of Ramadan, he must fast that (month of Ramadan) in which he is and pay a

إِذَا صَامَ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئاً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى مَاتَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ إِنْ صَحَّ ثُمَّ مَرِضَ ثُمَ‌ مَاتَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ تُصُدِّقَ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ.

‘If a man fasts certain days of the month of Ramadan during his illness then dies, he is not obligated for anything. However, if he becomes well, then becomes ill then dies and leaves behind a certain amount of asset, for every day, one mud of food must be given on his behalf, and if he has not left behind any assets,

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ خِيَارُ أُمَّتِي الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِي الَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي النِّعَمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.

The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “The virtuous among my followers are those who, when on a journey, stop fasting and reduce their Salat (prayer), when receiving a favor they take it as good news and when doing a sin ask for

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ يَطْعَمْ شَيْئاً قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ قَالَ يَصُومُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who comes home from a journey in the month of Ramadan before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) and has not tasted any food as yet. He (the Imam) said, ’He is required to fast.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُسَافِرٍ دَخَلَ أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَ لَا يُوَاقِعُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who arrives in his family before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) and has used food already. He (the Imam) said, ’It is not proper for him to eat anything that day and he must not fall (for sexual relation) on his wife, if he has a wife.’”

قَالَ‌[5]: فِي الْمُسَافِرِ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ دُخُولِهِ قَالَ يَكُفُّ عَنِ الْأَكْلِ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ قَالَ فِي الْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْنِي‌[6] إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who arrives from a journey in his family in the month of Ramadan and has already used food before his arrival, he (the Imam) said, that he must abstain from eating for the rest of the day and he is required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fasting).’ About a traveler who arrives in

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسَافِرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنْهَا بِالنَّهَارِ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَ مَا تَعْرِفُ حُرْمَةَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً[1] طَوِيلًا قُلْتُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي الْإِفْطَارِ وَ التَّقْصِير

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who travels in the month of Ramadan and with him there is his slave-girl: if he can experience sexual relation with her during the d

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَصْبَحَتْ صَائِمَةً فَلَمَّا ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ أَوْ كَانَ الْعَشِيُ‌[2] حَاضَتْ أَ تُفْطِرُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ فَلْتُفْطِرْ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ رَأَتِ الطُّهْرَ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَتَغْتَسِلُ وَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْ فَمَا تَصْنَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَالَ تُفْطِرُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَإِنَّمَا فِطْرُهَا مِنَ الدَّمِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who gets up in the morning fasting but when the day rises or in the evening experiences Hayd (menses), if she can stop fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, even if it is al-Maghrib (sunset), she can stop fasting.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of

نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَلْتُفْطِرْ وَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَى الطُّهْرَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ وَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا فِطْرُهَا مِنَ الدَّمِ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who gets up fasting but when the day rises or it becomes evening, she experiences Hayd (menses), if she stops fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, she is required to stop fasting even if it is before al-Maghrib.’ I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case

صِيَامُ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ فِي الظِّهَارِ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ التَّتَابُعُ أَنْ يَصُومَ شَهْراً وَ يَصُومَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الْآخَرِ أَيَّاماً أَوْ شَيْئاً مِنْهُ فَإِنْ عَرَضَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ يُفْطَرُ فِيهِ‌[2] أَفْطَرَ ثُمَّ قَضَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ صَامَ شَهْراً ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَأَفْطَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصُومَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ شَيْئاً فَلَمْ يُتَابِعْ أَعَادَ الصِّيَامَ كُلَّهُ.

‘In fasting, as expiation for an oath in the case of Dhihar which is two consecutive months of fasting, consecutive order is established by fasting one whole month and certain days of the next month or something thereof. Thereafter if something occurs to him he may eat and then carry out Qada’ (compensatory fast) of wh

سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّنْ لَمْ يَصُمِ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَ هُوَ يَشُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الصِّيَامُ هَلْ فِيهِ فِدَاءٌ قَالَ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who does not fast three days every month because fasting is difficult for him: if there is a ransom for it. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one mud (a certain measurement) of food for everyday.’”

شَكَوْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي أُصَدَّعُ‌[1] إِذَا صُمْتُ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ وَ يَشُقُّ عَلَيَّ قَالَ فَاصْنَعْ كَمَا أَصْنَعُ إِذَا سَافَرْتُ فَإِنِّي إِذَا سَافَرْتُ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ قُوتِ أَهْلِي الَّذِي أَقُوتُهُمْ بِهِ.

“I once complained before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘I get a headache if I fast the three days (recommended for every month) and it is difficult for me. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must do as I do when I travel. When traveling I pay charity for every day of one mud (a certain measurement) of the kind of food which is

قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا صِيَامَ بَعْدَ الْأَضْحَى ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَا بَعْدَ الْفِطْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَ شُرْبٍ‌[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to us, ‘Fasting is not proper during three days after al- Adha’ (10th of Duh al-Hajjah) as well as after al-Fitr (the first day of the month of Shawwal); they are the days for eating and drinking.”’

مَنْ نَوَى الصَّوْمَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ عِنْدَهُ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيُدْخِلْ عَلَيْهِ السُّرُورَ فَإِنَّهُ يُحْتَسَبُ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- مَنْ جاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثالِها[2].

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqiy from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from al-‘Is from Najm ibn Hutaym who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one decides to fast, and then goes to visit his brother (in belief) who offers to serve him food, he should break his fast f

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ فَأَفْطَرَ عِنْدَهُ وَ لَمْ يُعْلِمْهُ بِصَوْمِهِ فَيَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَوْمَ سَنَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a fasting person visits his brother (in belief) who offers him food, and he accepts the offer without telling him about his fast, in order not to show that he is doing him a favor, Allah counts his fast as one year’s fasting.’”

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ خِوَانٌ عَلَيْهِ غَسَّانِيَّةٌ[3] يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ ادْنُ فَكُلْ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَتَرَكَنِي حَتَّى إِذَا أَكَلَهَا فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الْيَسِيرُ عَزَمَ عَلَيَّ أَلَّا أَفْطَرْتَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَلَّا كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ السَّاعَةِ[4] فَقَالَ أَرَدْتُ بِذَلِكَ أَدَبَكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مُؤ

“If a fasting person visits his brother (in belief), who offers him food, and he accepts the offer without telling him about his fast, in order not to show that he is doing him a favor by accepting his offering food, Allah, majestic is whose mention, counts his fast as one year’s fasting.’””

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع أَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ وَ هُمْ يَأْكُلُونَ وَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ الْعَصْرَ وَ أَنَا صَائِمٌ فَيَقُولُونَ أَفْطِرْ فَقَالَ أَفْطِرْ فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘I may visit a people after late afternoon prayer while I am fasting and they offer me food, saying, “discontinue your fast.’” He (the Imam) said, ‘Accept the offer; it is better.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِذَا دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ بَلْدَةً فَهُوَ ضَيْفٌ عَلَى مَنْ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِهِ حَتَّى يَرْحَلَ عَنْهُمْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ أَنْ يَصُومَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ لِئَلَّا يَعْمَلُوا الشَّيْ‌ءَ فَيَفْسُدَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ أَنْ يَصُومُوا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ الضَّيْفِ لِئَلَّا يَحْتَشِمَهُمْ‌[1] فَيَشْتَهِيَ الطَّعَامَ فَيَتْرُكَهُ لَهُمْ.

‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “When a man enters a town (residence), he is a guest of the inhabitants of that town who are followers of the religion he follows until he leaves that town (residence). It is not proper for

اطْعَمْ‌[1] يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that you should take food, on the day of al-Fitr before going to the prayer place.”

لِيَطْعَمْ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ وَ لَا يَطْعَمْ يَوْمَ أَضْحًى حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ الْإِمَامُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that on the day of al-Fitr, one should have food before salat (prayer); however, on the day of Adha’, one should not have any food until after the prayer leader leaves.”

التَّمْرُ فِي الْفِطْرَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لِأَنَّهُ أَسْرَعُ مَنْفَعَةً وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا وَقَعَ فِي يَدِ صَاحِبِهِ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَ قَالَ نَزَلَتِ الزَّكَاةُ وَ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْوَالٌ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْفِطْرَةُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Paying al-Fitrah in the form of dates is better than other items because its benefit is immediate. As soon as it reaches the hands of the recipient he eats thereof.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Zakat had come but people had no taxable assets. It was only al- Fitrah.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَلْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي الْفِطْرَةُ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْفِطْرَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنِ اقْتَاتَ قُوتاً فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْقُوتِ.

‘al-Fitrah is on every one who consumes food, thus it is obligatory to pay from what one consumes.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع لِمَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّوْمَ فَوَرَدَ الْجَوَابُ لِيَجِدَ الْغَنِيُّ مَضَضَ الْجُوعِ فَيَحِنَّ عَلَى الْفَقِيرِ.

The answer was, ‘It is made obligatory so that affluent people can feel the taste of hunger and become compassionate to the poor.’”

أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بِالْكُوفَةِ بِقَوْمٍ وَجَدُوهُمْ يَأْكُلُونَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَكَلْتُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُفْطِرُونَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ يَهُودُ أَنْتُمْ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَنَصَارَى قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَعَلَى أَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَدْيَانِ مُخَالِفِينَ لِلْإِسْلَامِ قَالُوا بَلْ مُسْ

7. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ishaq from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Sulayman from Muhammad ibn ‘Imran who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once when ’Amir al-Mu’minin was in the Masjid of al-Kufa, a certain people, who were found eating during the day in the month of Ramad

أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَنَا اللَّهُ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ وَ أَنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ لَمَّا شَكَيَا إِلَيَّ مَا شَكَيَا[2] فَاهْبِطْ عَلَيْهِمَا بِخَيْمَةٍ مِنْ خِيَمِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عَزِّهِمَا عَنِّي بِفِرَاقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ اجْمَعْ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْخَيْمَةِ فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُهُمَا لِبُكَائِهِمَا وَ وَحْشَتِهِمَا فِي وَحْدَتِهِمَا وَ انْصِبِ الْخَيْمَةَ ع

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn Ishaq who have said the following: “Abu Ja’far, has narrated from his ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who have said that Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, sent revelation to Jibril that said, T a

لَمَّا وُلِدَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ حَمَلَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ أُمَّهُ عَلَى حِمَارٍ وَ أَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْحِجْرِ وَ مَعَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنْ زَادٍ وَ سِقَاءٌ فِيهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَ الْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَبْوَةٌ[2] حَمْرَاءُ مِنْ مَدَرٍ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ ع هَاهُنَا أُمِرْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَ مَكَّةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَلَمٌ وَ سَمُرٌ وَ حَوْلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاسٌ مِنَ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when Isma‘il was born, Ibrahim (a.s.), carried him and his mother on a donkey and Jibril also came along with them. In Makkah he placed him (Isma‘il) inside al-Hijr. There was some food, supplies, and a water container with a little water in it. The House in those days was a small

إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع لَمَّا خَلَّفَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بِمَكَّةَ عَطِشَ الصَّبِيُّ فَكَانَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ شَجَرٌ فَخَرَجَتْ أُمُّهُ حَتَّى قَامَتْ عَلَى الصَّفَا فَقَالَتْ هَلْ بِالْبَوَادِي مِنْ أَنِيسٍ فَلَمْ تُجِبْهَا أَحَدٌ فَمَضَتْ حَتَّى انْتَهَتْ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَقَالَتْ هَلْ بِالْبَوَادِي مِنْ أَنِيسٍ فَلَمْ تُجَبْ ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الصَّفَا وَ قَالَتْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى صَنَعَتْ ذَلِكَ سَبْ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when Ibrahim (a.s.), left Isma‘il behind in Makkah, the child became thirsty. Between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah there was a tree. His mother went to al-Safa’ and called aloud, ‘Is there anyone, in the wilderness, to provide relief?’ No one answered. She then went to al-Marwah and call

أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع أَنْ يَحُجَّ وَ يُحِجَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مَعَهُ وَ يُسْكِنَهُ الْحَرَمَ فَحَجَّا عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ وَ مَا مَعَهُمَا إِلَّا جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا الْحَرَمَ قَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ انْزِلَا فَاغْتَسِلَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَا الْحَرَمَ فَنَزَلَا فَاغْتَسَلَا وَ أَرَاهُمَا كَيْفَ يَتَهَيَّئَانِ لِلْإِحْرَامِ فَفَعَلَا ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمَا فَأَهَلَّا بِالْ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, commanded Ibrahim (a.s.), to perform Hajj and that Isma‘il also perform Hajj along with him, and then settle him in the Sacred area. They went for Hajj on a red camel and there was no one with them except Jibril. When they arrived in the

دُفِنَ مَا بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ وَ الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ سَبْعُونَ نَبِيّاً أَمَاتَهُمُ اللَّهُ جُوعاً وَ ضُرّاً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that between al-Yamaniy corner and Black Stone seventy prophets are buried; Allah caused them to die because of hunger and hardships.”

كُنْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَا وَ صَاحِبٌ لِي فَتَذَاكَرْنَا الْأَنْصَارَ فَقَالَ أَحَدُنَا هُمْ نُزَّاعٌ‌[1] مِنْ قَبَائِلَ وَ قَالَ أَحَدُنَا هُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ قَالَ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَابْتَدَأَ الْحَدِيثَ وَ لَمْ نَسْأَلْهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ تُبَّعاً لَمَّا أَنْ جَاءَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ جَاءَ مَعَهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ وَ أَبْنَ

“In between Makkah and al-Madinah, my companion and I were discussing about people called al- Ansar. One of us said that they were individuals from different people who did not belong to well- known tribes, and one of them said that they were from the people of Yemen. We then arrived near abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.). He was

كَانَ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ غَزَالانِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْيَافٍ فَلَمَّا غَلَبَتْ خُزَاعَةُ- جُرْهُمَ عَلَى الْحَرَمِ أَلْقَتْ جُرْهُمُ الْأَسْيَافَ وَ الْغَزَالَيْنِ فِي بِئْرِ زَمْزَمَ وَ أَلْقَوْا فِيهَا الْحِجَارَةَ وَ طَمُّوهَا وَ عَمَّوْا أَثَرَهَا[1] فَلَمَّا غَلَبَ قُصَيٌّ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا مَوْضِعَ زَمْزَمَ وَ عَمِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَوْضِعُهَا فَلَمَّا غَلَبَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَ كَانَ يُفْرَشُ

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that in al-Ka‘bah there were two gazelles made of gold and five swords. When Khuza‘ah dominated Jurhum in the Sacred area, Jurhum threw the two deer and the swords in the well of Zamzam. They threw stones in it, filled it up and disguised its marks. When Qusay dominated Khuza‘ah, they di

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ دَخَلَهُ كانَ آمِناً قَالَ إِذَا أَحْدَثَ الْعَبْدُ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ جِنَايَةً ثُمَّ فَرَّ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ لَمْ يَسَعْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ وَ لَكِنْ يُمْنَعُ مِنَ السُّوقِ وَ لَا يُبَايَعُ وَ لَا يُطْعَمُ وَ لَا يُسْقَى وَ لَا يُكَلَّمُ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا فُعِلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فَيُؤْخَذَ وَ إِذَا جَنَى فِي الْحَرَمِ جِنَايَة

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Whoever enters it (al-Haram, the sacred area) gains immunity.(3:96) He (the Imam) said, ‘If a servant (of Allah) commits a crime outside al-Haram (the sacred area) then flees to al- Haram, no one can arrest him inside

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْحَرَمَ فَقَالَ لَا يُقْتَلُ وَ لَا يُطْعَمُ وَ لَا يُسْقَى وَ لَا يُبَايَعُ وَ لَا يُؤْوَى حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ فَيُقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّقُلْتُ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ أَوْ سَرَقَ قَالَ يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ فِي الْحَرَمِ صَاغِراً إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ لِلْحَرَمِ حُرْمَةً وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَع

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has killed another man in non- sacred area but then entered the sacred area. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not be killed, fed, given drink, dealt with for buying and selling or given protection and lodging until he comes out of the sacred area, so that he is brought t

يُخَلَّى عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ فِي الْحَرَمِ يَأْكُلُ مَا شَاءَ[3].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Camels can be left in al-Haram (the sacred area) to eat whatever it likes.’”

إِذَا أَدْخَلَهُ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْلُهُ وَ إِمْسَاكُهُ فَلَا تَشْتَرِيَنَّ فِي الْحَرَمِ إِلَّا مَذْبُوحاً ذُبِحَ فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ جِي‌ءَ بِهِ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ مَذْبُوحاً فَلَا بَأْسَ لِلْحَلَالِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a prey which is hunted in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and is brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) when it is still alive. He (the Imam) said, ‘Since he has brought to al-Haram (the sacred area), it is prohibited for him to use it for food or to keep it. Nothing in al-Haram