Marriage

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّارِ ع وُلِدَ لِي مَوْلُودٌ وَ حَلَقْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَ وَزَنْتُ شَعْرَهُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِهِ قَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَزْنُهُ إِلَّا بِالذَّهَبِ أَوِ الْفِضَّةِ وَ كَذَا جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ[1].

I wrote to the 'Sahib al-Dar' (Master of the House Imam Muhammad ibn Hassan Al-Mahdi (as)) saying: "A child was born to me, and I shaved his head, weighed his hair in dirhams, and gave its equivalent in charity." Imam (as) replied: "It is not permissible to weigh it except with gold or silver, and this is the establish

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا الْعِلَّةُ فِي حَلْقِ رَأْسِ الْمَوْلُودِ قَالَ تَطْهِيرُهُ مِنْ شَعْرِ الرَّحِمِ‌[2].

Hadith.4728 - Abu Abdullah (as) was asked about the reason for shaving the head of a newborn. Imam (as) replied: "It is to purify the child from the hair of the womb."

إِذَا مَضَى سَبْعَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ حَلْقٌ‌[3].

Hadith.4729 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a newborn whose head was not shaved on the seventh day. Imam (as) replied: "If seven days have passed, then shaving the head is no longer required."

فِي رِوَايَةِ السَّكُونِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ يَا فَاطِمَةُ اثْقُبِي أُذُنَيِ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ خِلَافاً لِلْيَهُودِ[4].

Hadith.4730 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "O Fatimah, pierce the ears of Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn in opposition to the Jews."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِذَا مَاتَ طِفْلٌ مِنْ أَطْفَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نَادَى مُنَادٍ فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ أَلَا إِنَّ فُلَانَ بْنَ فُلَانٍ قَدْ مَاتَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَاتَ وَالِدَاهُ أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ دُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ يَغْذُوهُ وَ إِلَّا دُفِعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ ع تَغْذُوهُ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ أَبَوَاهُ أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَتَ

Hadith.4731 - Abu Zakariya narrated from Abu Basir who said that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When a child from the children of the believers dies, a caller announces in the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, 'Indeed, so-and-so, the son of so-and-so, has passed away.' If his parents, one of them, or a family member from

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَفَّلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ سَارَةَ أَطْفَالَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغْذُوَانِهِمْ بِشَجَرَةٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ لَهَا أَخْلَافٌ‌[1] كَأَخْلَافِ الْبَقَرِ فِي قَصْرٍ مِنْ دُرَّةٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ أُلْبِسُوا وَ طُيِّبُوا وَ أُهْدُوا إِلَى آبَائِهِمْ فَهُمْ مُلُوكٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَعَ آبَائِهِمْ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ اتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّ

Hadith.4732 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, has entrusted Ibrahim (as) and Sarah {s.a} with the care of the children of the believers. They nourish them from a tree in Paradise that has teats lik

فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ اتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمانٍ أَلْحَقْنا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ‌ قَالَ قَصَرَتِ الْأَبْنَاءُ عَنْ أَعْمَالِ الْآبَاءِ فَأَلْحَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَبْنَاءَ بِالْآبَاءِ لِتَقَرَّ بِذَلِكَ أَعْيُنُهُمْ.

Hadith.4733 - In the narration of Abu Bakr Al-Hadrami, Abu Abdullah (as) said regarding the words of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "And those who believe and whose descendants follow them in faith - We will join them with their descendants" (Surah At-Tur 52:21), Imam (as) said: "The children fell short of the d

لَيْسُوا كَأَطْفَالِ النَّاسِ.

Hadith.4734 - Jameel ibn Darraj asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the children of the prophets (peace be upon them). Imam (as) replied: "They are not like the children of ordinary people."

لَوْ بَقِيَ كَانَ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ أَبِيهِ ص.

Hadith.4735 - Jameel ibn Darraj asked Abu Abdullah (as) about Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), whether he would have been a truthful prophet (ṣiddiq nabi) if he had lived. Imam (as) replied: "If he had lived, he would have followed the path of his father

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ كَانَ عَلَى قَبْرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عَذْقٌ يُظِلُّهُ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ حَيْثُمَا دَارَتْ فَلَمَّا يَبِسَ الْعَذْقُ ذَهَبَ أَثَرُ الْقَبْرِ فَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ مَكَانُهُ.

Hadith.4736 - In the narration of ʿAmir ibn ʿAbdullah, he said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "There was a palm branch (ʿadhq) over the grave of Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), that shaded it from the sun wherever it moved. When the branch dried up, th

قَالَ ع‌ مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ لَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْراً فَأَتَمَّ اللَّهُ رَضَاعَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ.

Hadith.4737 - Imam (as) said: "Ibrahim (the son of the Prophet) died at the age of eighteen months, and Allah (swt) completed his breastfeeding in Paradise."

قَالَ ع‌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ أَمَّا الْغُلامُ فَكانَ أَبَواهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُما طُغْياناً وَ كُفْراً فَأَرَدْنا أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُما رَبُّهُما خَيْراً مِنْهُ زَكاةً وَ أَقْرَبَ رُحْماً قَالَ أَبْدَلَهُمَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَكَانَ الِابْنِ ابْنَةً فَوُلِدَ مِنْهَا سَبْعُونَ نَبِيّاً.

Hadith.4738 - Imam (as) said regarding the words of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "As for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared that he would overwhelm them with transgression and disbelief. So we intended that their Lord (azj) should replace him for them with one better in purity and closer in aff

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ أَوْلَادُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَعَ آبَائِهِمْ فِي النَّارِ وَ أَوْلَادُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَعَ آبَائِهِمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ[1].

Hadith.4739 - Wahb ibn Wahb narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "The children of polytheists will be with their parents in the Fire, and the children of Muslims will be with their parents in Paradise."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَمُوتُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحِنْثَ قَالَ كُفَّارٌ وَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ يَدْخُلُونَ مَدَاخِلَ آبَائِهِمْ‌[2].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the children of polytheists who die before reaching the age of responsibility. Imam (as) replied: "They are disbelievers, and Allah (swt) knows best what they would have done. They will enter the same places as their fathers."

قَالَ ع‌ تُؤَجَّجُ لَهُمْ نَارٌ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوهَا فَإِنْ دَخَلُوهَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْداً وَ سَلَاماً وَ إِنْ أَبَوْا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمْ هُوَ ذَا أَنَا قَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ فَعَصَيْتُمُونِي فَيَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِمْ إِلَى النَّارِ[1].

Hadith.4741 - Imam (as) said: "A fire will be kindled for them, and it will be said to them, 'Enter it.' If they enter it, it will be cool and peaceful for them. But if they refuse, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, will say to them: 'Behold, I had commanded you, and you disobeyed Me.' Then Allah (swt), the Mighty

إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ احْتَجَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى سَبْعَةٍ عَلَى الطِّفْلِ وَ الَّذِي مَاتَ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ الَّذِي أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ص وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ وَ الْأَبْلَهِ وَ الْمَجْنُونِ الَّذِي لَا يَعْقِلُ وَ الْأَصَمِّ وَ الْأَبْكَمِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَحْتَجُّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ فَيَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولًا فَيُؤَجِّجُ لَهُمْ نَارا

Hadith.4742 - In the narration of Hariz from Zurara, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Imam (as) said: "On the Day of Judgment, Allah (swt) will argue against seven groups: the child, the one who died between the prophets, the elderly person who reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon hi

دَعِ ابْنَكَ يَلْعَبْ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ وَ يُؤَدَّبْ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ وَ أَلْزِمْهُ نَفْسَكَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ فَإِنْ أَفْلَحَ وَ إِلَّا فَإِنَّهُ مِمَّنْ لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ[3]

عَلِيٌّ خَيْرُ الْبَشَرِ فَمَنْ أَبَى فَقَدْ كَفَرَ يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَدِّبُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ عَلَى حُبِّ عَلِيٍّ فَمَنْ أَبَى فَانْظُرُوا فِي شَأْنِ أُمِّهِ‌[1].

Hadith.4744 - Jabir ibn Abdullah Al-Ansari used to walk through the streets of the Ansar in Medina, proclaiming, " Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) is the best of creation, and whoever denies it has disbelieved. O community of the Ansar, raise your children upon the love of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). If anyone refuses, th

مَنْ وَجَدَ بَرْدَ حُبِّنَا عَلَى قَلْبِهِ فَلْيُكْثِرِ الدُّعَاءَ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَخُنْ أَبَاهُ[2]. وَ كَانَ الصَّبِيُّ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا وَقَعَ الشَّكُّ فِي نَسَبِهِ عُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَلَايَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَإِنْ قَبِلَهَا أُلْحِقَ نَسَبُهُ بِمَنْ يَنْتَمِي إِلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ أَنْكَرَهَا نُفِيَ[3]

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ يُرَبَّى الصَّبِيُ‌[4] سَبْعاً وَ يُؤَدَّبُ سَبْعاً وَ يُسْتَخْدَمُ سَبْعاً وَ مُنْتَهَى طُولِهِ فِي ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً وَ عَقْلِهِ فِي خَمْسٍ وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَ مَا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَبِالتَّجَارِبِ.

Hadith.4746 - The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "A child should be nurtured for seven years, disciplined for seven years, and then employed (given responsibility) for seven years. His physical growth reaches its peak at twenty-three years, and his intellect matures at thirty-five years. W

فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ‌[5] يَشِبُّ الصَّبِيُّ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ أَرْبَعَ أَصَابِعَ بِإِصْبَعِ نَفْسِهِ.

Hadith.4747 - In the narration of Hammad ibn Isa, it is reported: "A child grows every year by four finger-widths, measured by his own finger."

سَمِعْتُ الْعَبْدَ الصَّالِحَ ع يَقُولُ‌ تُسْتَحَبُ‌

Hadith.4748 - Salih ibn Uqbah narrated that he heard the Righteous Servant (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) say: "It is recommended for a boy to be lively and energetic in his childhood so that he may grow to be gentle and patient in his adulthood."

سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ ص‌ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُنَا نَجِدُ بِأَوْلَادِنَا مَا لَا يَجِدُونَ بِنَا[2] قَالَ لِأَنَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَ لَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ‌[3].

Hadith.4749 - A man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), "Why do we feel a stronger attachment to our children than they feel toward us?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) replied: "Because they are from you, but you are not from them."

وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع- لِمَ أَيْتَمَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ مُحَمَّداً ص قَالَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ طَاعَةٌ[4].

Hadith.4750 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked: "Why did Allah (swt) make His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) an orphan?" Imam (as) replied: "So that no one would have authority over him."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا عَلَى السُّنَّةِ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَجْلِسٍ وَ امْرَأَتُهُ حَائِضٌ‌[3] فَرَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص طَلَاقَهُ وَ قَالَ مَا خَالَفَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ رُدَّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ‌[4].

"It is not appropriate for a man to divorce his wife and then reconcile with her when he has no need or intention for her, only to divorce her again. This is the harm (ḍirar) that Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden. However, if he divorces her and then reconciles with her with the sincere intention of

لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتُ عَلَيْكِ أَوْ بِتُّ عَنْكِ‌[5] فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَنْ شَرَطَ شَرْطاً سِوَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَجُزْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا لَهُ‌[6]- قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَتَزَوَّجُهَا مَا عَاشَتْ أُمِّي فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ فَقَالَ لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ نِكَاحٍ وَ لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ مِلْكٍ.

قَامَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ اِمْرَأَتِي لِلْعِدَّةِ بِغَيْرِ شُهُودٍ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ طَلاَقُكَ بِطَلاَقٍ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ".

A man stood before the Commander of the Faithful (as) and said: "I divorced my wife during her waiting period (ʿiddah) without any witnesses." Imam (as) replied: "Your divorce is not valid. Return to your wife."

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ أَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا أَوْ يُرَاجِعَهَا[1].

"If a man divorces his wife and brings two just witnesses to bear witness to it during her waiting period ('iddah), he cannot divorce her again after that until her waiting period ends or he reconciles with her."

وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌[2] فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي فَقَالَ أَ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ اعْزُبْ‌[3].

Hadith.4756 - A man came to the Commander of the Faithful (as) and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, I have divorced my wife." Imam (as) asked: "Do you have any evidence (witnesses)?" The man replied: "No." So Imam (as) said: "Be gone (uʿzub)."

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع‌ فِي امْرَأَةٍ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ لَمْ يُجْرِ عَلَيْهَا النَّفَقَةَ لِلْعِدَّةِ وَ هِيَ مُحْتَاجَةٌ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ وَ تَبِيتَ عَنْ مَنْزِلِهَا لِلْعَمَلِ وَ الْحَاجَةِ فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا عَلِمَ اللَّهُ الصِّحَّةَ مِنْهَا.

Hadith.4760 - Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Saffar (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) asking about a woman who was divorced by her husband, and he did not provide her with maintenance (nafaqah) during her waiting period (ʿiddah) while she was in need. "Is it permissible fo

رَوَى الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الصَّحَّافُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ‌ أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ عِلَّةُ الطَّلَاقِ ثَلَاثاً لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمُهْلَةِ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْوَاحِدَةِ إِلَى الثَّلَاثِ لِرَغْبَةٍ تَحْدُثُ أَوْ سُكُونِ غَضَبٍ إِنْ كَانَ وَ لْيَكُنْ ذَلِكَ تَخْوِيفاً وَ تَأْدِيباً لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ زَجْراً لَهُنَّ عَنْ مَعْصِ

Hadith.4763 - Al-Qasim ibn al-Rabiʿ al-Ṣaḥḥaf narrated from Muḥammad ibn Sinan that Abu al-Ḥasan Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to him in response to his questions: "The reason for allowing divorce up to three times is to provide a period of reflection between each instance, from the first to the third, for any

سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْعِلَّةِ اَلَّتِي مِنْ أَجْلِهَا لاَ تَحِلُّ اَلْمُطَلَّقَةُ لِلْعِدَّةِ لِزَوْجِهَا "حَتّٰى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ" فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا أَذِنَ فِي اَلطَّلاَقِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ اَلطَّلاٰقُ مَرَّتٰانِ فَإِمْسٰاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسٰانٍ ۝ يَعْنِي فِي اَلتَّطْلِيقَةِ اَلثَّالِثَةِ فَلِدُخُولِهِ فِيمَا كَرِه

Hadith.4764 - Ali ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Ali ibn Faḍḍal narrated from his father that he asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about the reason why a woman divorced for the third time (ṭalaq al-ʿidda) does not become lawful again for her husband "until she marries another husband". Imam (as) replied: "Indeed, Allah (swt), th

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ اُكْتُبْ يَا فُلاَنُ إِلَى اِمْرَأَتِي بِطَلاَقِهَا أَوْ قَالَ اُكْتُبْ إِلَى عَبْدِي بِعِتْقِهِ أَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ طَلاَقاً أَوْ عِتْقاً قَالَ "لاَ يَكُونُ طَلاَقٌ وَ لاَ عِتْقٌ حَتَّى يَنْطِقَ بِهِ اَللِّسَانُ أَوْ يَخُطَّ بِيَدِهِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ اَلطَّلاَقَ أَوِ اَلْعِتْقَ وَ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ بِالْأَهِلَّةِ وَ اَلشُّهُودِ وَ يَكُونَ غَائِباً عَنْ أَهْلِهِ".

"I asked him about a man who said to another, 'Write to my wife regarding her divorce,' or said: 'Write to my slave regarding his emancipation.' Would that constitute a divorce or emancipation?" Imam (as) replied: "There is no divorce nor emancipation until it is spoken by the tongue or written by his own hand with the

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع الْغَائِبُ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ كَمْ غَيْبَتُهُ قَالَ خَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ حَدٌّ فِيهِ دُونَ ذَا قَالَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.

"I asked Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) about the absent man who divorces his wife. How long must his absence be?" Imam (as) replied: "Five or six months." I asked: "Is there a shorter period than that?" Imam (as) said: "Three months."

الْغَائِبُ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَرَكَهَا شَهْراً[1].

Hadith.4768 - Muḥammad ibn Abi Ḥamzah narrated from Isḥaq ibn ʿAmmar who reported from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: "If an absent man wants to divorce his wife, he should leave her for one month."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْمَعْتُوهِ الزَّائِلِ الْعَقْلِ أَ يَجُوزُ فَقَالَ لَا وَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا وَ صَدَقَتُهَا فَقَالَ لَا.

I asked Imam (as) about the divorce of a mentally impaired person whose intellect is diminished, whether it is permissible? Imam (as) replied: "No." I (narrator) also asked about a woman in the same condition, whether it is permissible to sell her property or manage her dowry? He replied: "No."

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَهْرِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَ مَتاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ‌- .. عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ‌ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عِدَّةٌ تَتَزَوَّجُ مَنْ شَاءَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا[2].

Hadith.4773 - Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl narrated from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: "If a man divorces his wife before consummating the marriage, she is entitled to half of her dowry. However, if he had not specified a dowry for her, then 'provision must be made for her in a fa

مَتِّعُوهُنَّ أَيْ جَمِّلُوهُنَ‌[1] بِمَا قَدَرْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَرْجِعْنَ بِكَآبَةٍ وَ وَحْشَةٍ وَ هَمٍّ عَظِيمٍ وَ شَمَاتَةٍ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَرِيمٌ يَسْتَحْيِي وَ يُحِبُّ أَهْلَ الْحَيَاءِ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ أَشَدُّكُمْ إِكْرَاماً لِحَلَائِلِهِمْ.

Hadith.4774 - Amr ibn Shimr narrated from Jabir, who reported from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "Then if you divorce them before you have touched them, there is no waiting period (iddah) for you to count against them. So provide for them and release t

فِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَزَنْطِيِ‌ أَنَّ مُتْعَةَ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ فَرِيضَةٌ[2].

Hadith.4775 - In the narration of Al-Bazanti: "The mut'ah (compensatory gift) for a divorced woman is an obligation (faridah)."

رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ يُمَتِّعُ بِدَارٍ أَوْ خَادِمٍ وَ الْوَسَطَ يُمَتِّعُ بِثَوْبٍ وَ الْفَقِيرَ بِدِرْهَمٍ أَوْ خَاتَمٍ‌[3].

Hadith.4776 - It is narrated: "The wealthy man should provide a house or a servant as a parting gift, the middle-income man should provide clothing, and the poor man should provide a silver coin or a ring."

رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ أَدْنَاهُ الْخِمَارُ وَ شِبْهُهُ‌[4].

Hadith.4777 - It is narrated: "The minimum (parting gift) is a headscarf or something similar to it."

هُوَ الْأَبُ أَوِ الْأَخُ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ فِي مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَيَبْتَاعُ لَهَا وَ يَتَّجِرُ- فَإِذَا عَفَا فَقَدْ جَازَ[1].

Hadith.4778 - Al-Halabi, Abu Basir, and Sama'ah narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And if you divorce them before you have touched them and you have already specified a dowry for them, then half of what you have specified must be paid, unless they forgo it or the one in w

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ يَأْخُذُ بَعْضاً وَ يَدَعُ بَعْضاً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَ كُلَّهُ‌[2].

Hadith.4779 - And in another narration: "He may take a part and leave a part, but he does not have the right to forgo all of it."

"لَهَا اَلْمِيرَاثُ وَ عَلَيْهَا اَلْعِدَّةُ كَامِلَةً وَ إِنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا نِصْفُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلاَ شَيْءَ لَهَا".

Hadith.4780 - Ubayd ibn Zurarah asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman whose husband passed away before consummating the marriage. Imam (as) replied: "She is entitled to inheritance and must observe the complete waiting period (iddah). If he had specified a dowry for her, she is entitled to half of it, and if he had not

أَنَا فِيكَ أَرْغَبُ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهَا بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ‌[5].

Hadith.4781 - Shihab asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married a woman with a dowry of one thousand dirhams. He paid her the dowry, and she gifted it back to him, saying, "I desire you more." However, he divorced her before consummating the marriage. Imam (as) replied: "He is entitled to reclaim five hundred dirh

مُتْعَةُ النِّسَاءِ وَاجِبَةٌ دُخِلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا وَ تُمَتَّعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ‌[6].

"The compensation (mut'ah) for women is obligatory, whether the marriage was consummated or not. This compensation should be granted before she is divorced."

: وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا قَالَ "لاَ تَنْكِحُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ عِدَّةَ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا".

Hadith.4783 - Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled concerning a woman whose husband passed away without consummating the marriage, saying: "She must not remarry until she completes a waiting period (iddah) of four months and ten days, which is the prescribed waiting period for a woman whose husband has passed away."

فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ‌[3].

Hadith.4784 - Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) regarding a woman whose husband had passed away while she was still in her waiting period (iddah) and who was in need, with no one to provide for her, and she worked for people. He asked whether it was permissible for her to leave

نَعَمْ تَخْتَضِبُ وَ تَدَّهِنُ وَ تَكْتَحِلُ وَ تَمْتَشِطُ وَ تَصْبَغُ وَ تَلْبَسُ الْمُصَبَّغَ وَ تَصْنَعُ مَا شَاءَتْ بِغَيْرِ زِينَةٍ لِزَوْجٍ‌[4].

Hadith.4785 - Ammar al-Sabati asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman whose husband has passed away. He inquired whether it is permissible for her to leave her house during her waiting period (iddah). The Imam (as) replied: "Yes, she may apply henna, use oils, apply kohl, comb her hair, dye it, wear colored clothing, and

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَحُجَّ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ تَنْتَقِلَ مِنْ مَنْزِلٍ إِلَى مَنْزِلٍ‌[5].

Hadith.4786 - In another narration, it was said: "There is no harm for a woman whose husband has passed away to perform Hajj during her waiting period (iddah) and to move from one house to another."