تَلْبِيَةُ الْأَخْرَسِ وَ تَشَهُّدُهُ وَ قِرَاءَتُهُ لِلْقُرْآنِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ تَحْرِيكُ لِسَانِهِ وَ إِشَارَتُهُ بِإِصْبَعِهِ.
‘The recitation of a speechless person in Talbiyah, Tashahhud and readings from al-Quran in Salah (prayer) is by moving his tongue and pointing with his finger.’”
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَنْسَى حَرْفاً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَيَذْكُرُ وَ هُوَ رَاكِعٌ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِذَا سَجَدَ فَلْيَقْرَأْ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who forgets a letter of the recitation and remembers it in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees); is it permissible for him to recite in Ruku‘? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible but he recites in Sujud (prostration).”’
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ تُعَلِّمُهُ أَنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا تَقْرَأُ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ بِ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَ إِنَّ صَدْرِي لَيَضِيقُ بِقِرَاءَتِهِمَا فِي الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ ع لَا يَضِيقَنَّ صَدْرُكَ بِهِمَا فَإِنَّ الْفَضْلَ وَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمَا.
“I said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, you have written to Muhammad ibn al-Faraj telling him that the most excellent recitation in obligatory Salah (prayer) are chapters 97 and 112 of the Holy Quran. I feel uneasy reciting them in morning Salah (prayer).’ The Imam said, ‘You
أَمَّنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَرَأَ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هُمَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ[1].
26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Dawud ibn Farqad from Sabir Mawla’ Bassam who has said the following: “Once, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), led us in al-Maghrib Salah (prayer). He read al-M‘udhatayn (chapters 113, 114) and said that they are of al-Qur
إِذَا قَرَأْتَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ الَّتِي يُسْجَدُ فِيهَا فَلَا تُكَبِّرْ قَبْلَ سُجُودِكَ وَ لَكِنْ تُكَبِّرُ حِينَ تَرْفَعُ رَأْسَكَ وَ الْعَزَائِمُ أَرْبَعٌ حم السَّجْدَةُ وَ تَنْزِيلٌ وَ النَّجْمُ وَ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you read of al-‘Aza’’im something for which there is Sajdah (prostration), do not say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) before Sajdah (prostration) but say it when raising your head from Sajdah (prostration). Al-‘Aza’’im are four: Ha mim al-Sajdah, Tanzil, al-Najm and ’Iqr
قَالَ: إِذَا قُرِئَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ الْأَرْبَعِ فَسَمِعْتَهَا فَاسْجُدْ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ جُنُباً وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تُصَلِّي[1] وَ سَائِرُ الْقُرْآنِ أَنْتَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شِئْتَ سَجَدْتَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تَسْجُدْ.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘If anything of the four al-‘Aza’’im is read and you hear them, perform Sajdah (prostration), even if you are not with a valid Wudu’, or have experienced sexual relation, even if a woman does not perform Salah (prayer) (due to Hayd (menses)). In the case of the rest of al-Quran, you can
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمِعَ السَّجْدَةَ تُقْرَأُ قَالَ لَا يَسْجُدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُنْصِتاً لِقِرَاءَتِهِ مُسْتَمِعاً لَهَا أَوْ يُصَلِّيَ بِصَلَاتِهِ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ يُصَلِّي فِي نَاحِيَةٍ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي فِي نَاحِيَةٍ أُخْرَى فَلَا تَسْجُدْ لِمَا سَمِعْتَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has heard Sajdah (prostration) is read. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is not required to perform Sajdah (prostration) unless he is quiet and listening to the reading or performs Salah (prayer) with his Salah (prayer) (he reader of the Chapter with Sajdah (prostration) bein
إِنْ صَلَّيْتَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ فَقَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ- اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ أَوْ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ وَ فَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ فَأَوْمِ إِيمَاءً وَ الْحَائِضُ تَسْجُدُ إِذَا سَمِعَتِ السَّجْدَةَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if you perform Salah (prayer) with a people and the Imam reads bisme rabbik (Chapter 96) or something of al-‘Aza’im, completes his reading and does not do Sajdah (prostration), you just make a gesture for it. A woman experiencing Hayd (menses) must perform Sajdah (prostration) when
يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ وَ يَسْجُدُ.
‘He must perform Sajdah (prostration), then stand up, read al-Fatihah al-Kitab, then perform Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) and Sajdah (prostration).”’
لَا تَقْرَأْ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ فَإِنَّ السُّجُودَ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ[4].
“One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘You must not read anything of al-‘Aza”im in any of obligatory Salah (prayer); Sajdah (prostration) becomes an addition in an obligatory Salah (prayer).’
إِذَا قَرَأَ أَحَدُكُمُ السَّجْدَةَ مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ فَلْيَقُلْ فِي سُجُودِهِ- سَجَدْتُ لَكَ تَعَبُّداً وَ رِقّاً لَا مُسْتَكْبِراً عَنْ عِبَادَتِكَ وَ لَا مُسْتَنْكِفاً وَ لَا مُتَعَظِّماً بَلْ أَنَا عَبْدٌ ذَلِيلٌ خَائِفٌ مُسْتَجِيرٌ.
‘When anyone of you may recite the chapters of the Holy Quran wherein is the verse calling for prostration, in the prostration for such recitation you should say, “O Lord, I have prostrated before You as a servant and in submission before You. I do not assume arrogance in worshipping You, refrain or consider myself by
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَيَّ شَيْءٍ أَقُولُ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ وَ الْقُنُوتِ قَالَ قُلْ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا عَلِمْتَ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ مُوَقَّتاً لَهَلَكَ النَّاسُ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘What should I say in Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) and Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Say of the best you know; had it been something definite people would have been destroyed.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فِي الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ فَقَالَ اقْنُتْ فِيهِنَّ جَمِيعاً قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فَقَالَ لِي أَمَّا مَا جَهَرْتَ فَلَا تَشُكَ[2].
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) in the five daily Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘Say Qunut in all of them.’ I afterwards asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Qunut. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not have any doubt about (the need for Qunut) in whatever y
صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيَّاماً فَكَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا وَ لَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا.
“Whenever I performed Salah (prayer) led by abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), I found him (the Imam) say Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) in every Salah (prayer); those which are said aloud as well as those said silently.”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فَقَالَ فِيمَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُ أَبَاكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ فِي الْخَمْسِ كُلِّهَا فَقَالَ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبِي إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ أَبِي أَتَوْهُ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ ثُمَّ أَتَوْنِي شُكَّاكاً فَأَفْتَيْتُهُمْ بِالتَّقِيَّةِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is in Salah (prayer) in which recitation is loudly?’ I (the narrator) then said to him (the Imam), ‘I asked your father about it and he said that it is in all of the five daily Salah (prayer).’ He
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اقْنُتْ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَرِيضَةٍ أَوْ نَافِلَةٍ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Say Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) before Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) in every two Rak‘at in obligatory Salah (prayer) or optional ones’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فَقَالَ فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فَرِيضَةٍ وَ نَافِلَةٍ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is in every Salah (prayer); obligatory or optional.’”
مَنْ تَرَكَ الْقُنُوتَ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever omits Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) in dislike his Salah (prayer) is not anything.’”
الْقُنُوتُ فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘There is Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) in every Salah (prayer) in the second Rak‘at before Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees).”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ وَ مَا يُقَالُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ مَا قَضَى اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِكَ وَ لَا أَعْلَمُ لَهُ شَيْئاً مُوَقَّتاً.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) and what is said in it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Say whatever Allah makes to come out from your tongue. I do not know of anything definite for it.’”
مَا أَعْرِفُ قُنُوتاً إِلَّا قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘I do not know of any Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) except before Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees).”’
سَأَلْتُ عَبْداً صَالِحاً ع عَنِ الْقُنُوتِ فِي الْوَتْرِ وَ الْفَجْرِ وَ مَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ حِينَ تَفْرُغُ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِكَ.
‘It is before Ruku‘ when you complete your recitation.’”
قَالَ: الْقُنُوتُ فِي كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ التَّطَوُّعِ.
15. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ya‘qub ibn Yazid from Ziyad al-Qandiy from Durust from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘There is Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak‘at) in every Salah (prayer); obligatory or optional.’” (Ahadith 13-15
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا تَدَعْ فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ- أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِاللَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الصَّمَدِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا وَ أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا وَ أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا.
“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Do not go away before saying the following after every Salah (prayer): “I seek protection, for myself and whatever my Lord has given me, with Allah, the only One self-sufficient, who does not have any children. He Himself is not anyone’s child. There is no one like Him (Chapter 112
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا تَدَعْ فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ- أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِاللَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الصَّمَدِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا وَ أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا- وَ أُعِيذُ نَفْسِي وَ مَا رَزَقَنِي رَبِّي بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا.
“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Do not go away before saying the following after every Salah (prayer). “I seek protection for myself and whatever my Lord has given me from Allah, the only One self-sufficient, who does not have any children, nor Himself is anyone’s child and there is no one like Him.” (Chapter
إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ الرُّكُوعَ وَ السُّجُودَ وَ الْقِرَاءَةُ سُنَّةٌ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ الْقِرَاءَةَ مُتَعَمِّداً أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ مَنْ نَسِيَ الْقِرَاءَةَ فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
“One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ’Allah has made Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) and Sujud (prostrations) obligatory. Recitation is Sunnah. Whoever omits recitation willfully performs Salah (prayer) again. Whoever forgets recitation his Salah (prayer) is complete and he is not obligated for anythin
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَسِيَ أُمَّ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَرْكَعْ فَلْيُعِدْ أُمَّ الْقُرْآنِ.
from who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who forgets ‘Umm al-Quran (al- Fatihah). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not yet reached Ruku‘ position, he recites it again.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ فَنَسِيتُ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ فِي صَلَاتِي كُلِّهَا فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ أَتْمَمْتَ الرُّكُوعَ وَ السُّجُودَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ قَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُكَ إِذَا كَانَ نِسْيَاناً.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I performed the obligatory Salah (prayer) but forgot the recitation in all of my Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) asked, ‘Did you complete Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) and Sujud (prostrations)?’ I replied, ‘Yes, I did so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your Salah (prayer) is complete i
إِذَا لَمْ تَدْرِ ثِنْتَيْنِ صَلَّيْتَ أَمْ أَرْبَعاً وَ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ وَهْمُكَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ فَتَشَهَّدْ وَ سَلِّمْ ثُمَّ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ تَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْ وَ سَلِّمْ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا هَاتَانِ تَمَامَ الْأَرْبَعِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَلَّيْتَ أَرْبَعاً كَانَتَا هَاتَانِ نَافِلَةً وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَدْرِي ثَلَاثاً صَلَّيْتَ
“Abu ‘Abdullah (a.s.), has said, ‘ You may not know whether you have performed two or four Rak’ah and your guess about one side is not greater than the other side. You must say Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) and Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace), then perform two Rak’ah and four Sujud (prostrations).
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ السَّهْوِ فَإِنَّهُ يَكْثُرُ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ أَدْرِجْ صَلَاتَكَ إِدْرَاجاً قُلْتُ فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْإِدْرَاجُ قَالَ ثَلَاثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ وَ رَوَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا سَهَا فِي النَّافِلَةِ بَنَى عَلَى الْأَقَلِّ. فَجَمِيعُ مَوَاضِعِ السَّهْوِ الَّتِي قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِيهَا الْأَثَرَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ مَوْضِعاً سَبْعَةٌ مِنْهَا يَجِبُ عَلَى السَّاهِي فِيهَا إِع
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about mistakes which befall on me a great deal. He (the Imam) said, ‘Incorporate your Salah (prayer) properly.’ I then asked, ‘What is incorporating?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is saying three Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) and in Sujud (pr
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ يُنْشِدُ الشِّعْرَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ فَقُولُوا فَضَّ اللَّهُ[2] فَاكَ إِنَّمَا نُصِبَتِ الْمَسَاجِدُ لِلْقُرْآنِ.
‘If you hear someone reciting poems in Masjid say to him, “May Allah tear your mouth, Masjid is built only for al-Quran (to read).””’
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَكُونُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَأَفْرُغُ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرُغَ قَالَ أَبْقِ آيَةً وَ مَجِّدِ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنِ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا فَرَغَ فَاقْرَأِ الْآيَةَ وَ ارْكَعْ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), ’In Salah (prayer) with an Imam I complete the recitation before he does.’ He (the Imam) said, ’Leave one verse, speak of the glory of Allah and praise Him and when he (the Imam) completes, read that verse, then perform Ruku’ (bowing down on one’s knees).”’
أُصَلِّي خَلْفَ مَنْ لَا أَقْتَدِي بِهِ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتُ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِي وَ لَمْ يَفْرُغْ هُوَ قَالَ فَسَبِّحْ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ.
I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Can I perform Salah (prayer) behind one whom I do not follow and complete recitation when he has not yet completed?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Say Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) until he completes.’”
إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ لَا تَقْتَدِي بِهِ فَاقْرَأْ خَلْفَهُ سَمِعْتَ قِرَاءَتَهُ أَوْ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ.
‘When you perform Salah (prayer) behind an Imam who is not qualified, read behind him the recitation, regardless, you hear him or not.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَوْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يَجْتَمِعُونَ فَتَحْضُرُ الصَّلَاةُ فَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ تَقَدَّمْ يَا فُلَانُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ يَتَقَدَّمُ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِلْقُرْآنِ فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنّاً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي السِّنِّ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَعْل
‘The Messenger of Allah has said that the most learned in al-Quran is to lead. If all of them are equally learned in al-Quran, the first to migrate among them, if all are equal in migration, then the oldest among them, if all are equal in age, then the most learned among them in the Sunnah and most learned in religion
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ أَقْرَأُ خَلْفَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي لَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ جُعِلَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَا تَقْرَأْ خَلْفَهُ وَ أَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا أُمِرَ بِالْجَهْرِ لِيُنْصِتَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ فَإِنْ سَمِعْتَ فَأَنْصِتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ فَاقْرَأْ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about performing Salah (prayer) behind an Imam if I must do the recitation. He (the Imam) said, ‘Salah (prayer) in which recitation is not aloud, it is assigned to him. So you do not recite behind him, and for Salah (prayer) in which recitation is done aloud, he is commanded to reci
إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ تَأْتَمُّ بِهِ فَلَا تَقْرَأْ خَلْفَهُ سَمِعْتَ قِرَاءَتَهُ أَوْ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ صَلَاةً يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا وَ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ فَاقْرَأْ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you perform Salah (prayer) behind one whom you follow, do not do the recitation behind him, regardless if you hear his recitation or not, except, when it is a Salah (prayer) in which recitation is done aloud and you do not hear then you are to recite.’”
إِذَا كُنْتَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ تَأْتَمُّ بِهِ فَأَنْصِتْ وَ سَبِّحْ فِي نَفْسِكَ.
“One of the two Imam (a.s.), has said, ‘If you perform Salah (prayer) behind an Imam whom you follow then remain silent and say Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) to yourself only.’”
إِذَا كُنْتَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ تَرْتَضِي بِهِ فِي صَلَاةٍ يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قِرَاءَتَهُ فَاقْرَأْ أَنْتَ لِنَفْسِكَ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَسْمَعُ الْهَمْهَمَةَ فَلَا تَقْرَأْ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘When you perform Salah (prayer) behind an Imam and are happy with him in Salah (prayer) of which recitation is to be read aloud and you do not hear his recitation, then recite to yourself, but if you hear a humming sound, do not recite.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ع عَنِ الْإِمَامِ يَضْمَنُ صَلَاةَ الْقَوْمِ قَالَ لَا.
“I once asked one of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, if the Imam is responsible for Salah (prayer) of the people. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he is not responsible.’”
أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص يَقُولُ مَنْ قَرَأَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ يَأْتَمُّ بِهِ فَمَاتَ بُعِثَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْفِطْرَةِ[1].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘One who recites when performing Salah (prayer) behind an Imam whom he follows and dies, he has died in a religion other than Fitrah (Islam).”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُدْرِكُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَ هِيَ لَهُ الْأُولَى كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ إِذَا جَلَسَ الْإِمَامُ قَالَ يَتَجَافَى[1] وَ لَا يَتَمَكَّنُ مِنَ الْقُعُودِ فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الثَّالِثَةُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ هِيَ لَهُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَلْيَلْبَثْ قَلِيلًا إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَتَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ يَلْحَقُ بِالْإِمَامِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَن
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who joins the congregation in the second Rak‘at which is the first for him. What is he to do when the Imam sits down? He (the Imam) said, ‘He displays readiness to stand up (by raising his knees from the ground and placing his palms on the ground), does not allow himself
إِذَا سَبَقَكَ الْإِمَامُ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ الْقِرَاءَةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ قَرَأْتَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَ هِيَ ثِنْتَانِ لَكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تُدْرِكْ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً قَرَأْتَ فِيهَا وَ فِي الَّتِي تَلِيهَا وَ إِنْ سَبَقَكَ بِرَكْعَةٍ جَلَسْتَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ لَكَ وَ الثَّالِثَةِ لَهُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ الصُّفُوفُ قِيَاماً قَالَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْإِمَامَ سَاجِداً فَاثْبُتْ مَكَان
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the Imam is one Rak‘at ahead and you join in the last recitation, recite in the third Rak‘at for him which is the second for you. You must do so even if you cannot join him for more than one Rak‘at in which you recited as well as in the one that follows. If he is one Rak‘at ahead o
قَالَ: أَيَّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَفُوتُهُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ رَكْعَتَانِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ يَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا[2] بِالْحَمْدِ وَ سُورَةٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا يُقَلِّبُ صَلَاتَهُ يَجْعَلُ أَوَّلَهَا آخِرَهَا قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked, ‘What do they say about a man who has missed two Rak‘at of the Imam’s Salah (prayer)?’ I replied, ‘They say that he is to recite al-Hamd and Surah (chapter) in them.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He turns his Salah (prayer) backward by making its first the last.’ I then asked, ‘How is he to do i
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مُصْحَفٌ مَفْتُوحٌ فِي قِبْلَتِهِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي غِلَافٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ قَالَ لَا يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ وَ فِي قِبْلَتِهِ نَارٌ أَوْ حَدِيدٌ وَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قِنْدِيلٌ مُعَلَّقٌ وَ فِيهِ نَارٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ بِحِيَالِهِ قَالَ إِذَا ارْتَفَعَ كَانَ شَرّاً لَا يُصَلِّي بِحِيَالِهِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who performs Salah (prayer) and in front of him there is an open copy of Quran. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if it is in a cover?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One is not to perform Sal
إِنْ قَامَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قِبْلَةٌ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَسْتَلْقِي عَلَى قَفَاهُ وَ يَفْتَحُ عَيْنَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ يَعْقِدُ بِقَلْبِهِ الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي فِي السَّمَاءِ الْبَيْتَ الْمَعْمُورَ وَ يَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَ السُّجُودُ عَلَى نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of one who at the time of Salah (prayer) is on the top of al-Ka‘bah. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he stands up there is no al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) for him; however, he lies down on his back and opens his eyes to the sky and keeps in his heart al-Qiblah which is in the heaven, al-B
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَنْبَغِي لِلْإِمَامِ الَّذِي يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ- يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ عِمَامَةً فِي الشِّتَاءِ وَ الصَّيْفِ وَ يَتَرَدَّى بِبُرْدٍ يَمَنِيٍّ أَوْ عَدَنِيٍّ وَ يَخْطُبَ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ يَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ وَ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُوصِي بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ صَغِيرَةً ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ وَ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَ يُصَلِّي
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is desirable for the Imam who delivers sermons for the people on Friday to wear turban in winter and a Yamaniy or ‘Adaniy gown. He must deliver the sermon in a standing position. In it he praises Allah and speaks of His glory, then advises people to observe piety (taqwa’) before Al
إِذَا خَطَبَ الْإِمَامُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِ وَ إِذَا فَرَغَ الْإِمَامُ مِنَ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ تَكَلَّمَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَنْ تُقَامَ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنْ سَمِعَ الْقِرَاءَةَ أَوْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَجْزَأَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When the Imam delivers the sermon on Friday, it is not desirable for anyone to speak until he completes the sermon. When the Imam completes the sermons he can speak until Salah (prayer) begins, regardless of whether he hears the recitation or not; it is sufficient.’”
فِي خُطْبَةِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ الْخُطْبَةُ الْأُولَى- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ نَحْمَدُهُ وَ نَسْتَعِينُهُ وَ نَسْتَغْفِرُهُ وَ نَسْتَهْدِيهِ وَ نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا مَنْ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ وَ مَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلا هادِيَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ انْتَجَبَه
6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn al-Suwayd, from Yahya al-Halabiy from Burayd ibn Mu‘awiyah from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “In the first sermon of Friday prayer, abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said to say, ’All praise belongs t
لَيْسَ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ شَيْءٌ مُوَقَّتٌ إِلَّا الْجُمُعَةِ تُقْرَأُ بِالْجُمُعَةِ وَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ.
The recitation is not definite texts except on Friday in which there is Surah (chapter) al-Jumu‘ah and al-Munafiqun.’”