Chapter on the Obligation of Shortening the Fast During Travel

الصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِيهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ عَلَيَّ يَسِيرٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يُحِبُّ

"A fasting person in the Month of Ramadan while traveling is like one who breaks his fast in the Month of Ramadan while at home." Imam (as) then added: "A man came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said, 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), should I fast during the Month of Ramadan while tr

مَا أَبْيَنَهَا مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلَا يَصُمْهُ.

Hadith.1974 - Ubayd ibn Zurara asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "So whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Imam (as) replied: "How clear it is! Whoever is present (not traveling) should fast it, and whoever is traveling should not fast it."

لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ صَائِماً فِي السَّفَرِ لَمَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ.

Hadith.1975 - Muhammad ibn Hakim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "If a man were to die while fasting during travel, I would not perform the funeral prayer for him."

سَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَوْماً صَامُوا حِينَ أَفْطَرَ وَ قَصَّرَ الْعُصَاةَ قَالَ وَ هُمُ الْعُصَاةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَ أَبْنَاءَ أَبْنَائِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا.

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) called a group of people who fasted when he broke his fast and shortened his prayer as 'disobedient.' He (sw) said: 'They are disobedient until the Day of Judgment, and we recognize their children and the children of their children up to this day of ours.

إِذَا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسَافِراً أَفْطَرَ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ النَّاسُ وَ فِيهِمُ الْمُشَاةُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ‌[2] دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَ تَمَّ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى صَوْمِهِمْ فَسَمَّاهُمُ الْعُصَاةَ وَ إِ

"When a man travels during the Month of Ramadan, he breaks his fast." Imam (as) continued: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) departed from Medina to Mecca during Month of Ramadan, accompanied by people among whom were pedestrians. When he reached Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm, between noon and afternoo

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ خِيَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي النَّعِيمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "The best among my nation are those who break their fast and shorten their prayers when traveling, rejoice when they do good, and seek forgiveness when they commit wrongs. The worst among my nation are those who are born into luxury, nurtured in it,

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ سَافَرَ قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا سَفَرُهُ إِلَى صَيْدٍ[1] أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ رَسُولًا لِمَنْ يَعْصِي اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ طَلَبِ عَدُوٍّ أَوْ شَحْنَاءَ أَوْ سِعَايَةٍ[2] أَوْ ضَرَرٍ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

"I heard Imam (as) say: Whoever travels must shorten their prayers and break their fast, except in the case of a person whose travel is for hunting, committing a sin against Allah (swt) the Almighty, acting as a messenger for someone disobedient to Allah (swt), pursuing an enemy, fostering enmity, engaging in slander,

وَ قَالَ ع‌ لَا يُفْطِرُ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا بِسَبِيلِ حَقٍ‌[3].

Hadith.1980 - Imam (as) said: "A man should not break his fast in the Month of Ramadan except for a rightful cause."

فَقَدْ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع‌ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ.

[Regarding fasting voluntarily while traveling] Hadith.1981 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Fasting while traveling is not an act of righteousness."

إِنْ خَرَجَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْتَصِفَ النَّهَارُ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيَقْضِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَلْيُتِمَّ يَوْمَهُ‌[5].

Hadith.1982 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about a man who leaves his house intending to travel while fasting. The Imam (as) replied: "If he departs before the middle of the day, let him break his fast and make up that day. But if he departs after midday, let him complete his day."

إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَخَرَجَ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ إِذَا دَخَلَ أَرْضاً قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ الْإِقَامَةَ بِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ‌ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ دَخَلَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ‌[1].

Hadith.1983 - Al-‘Ala’ narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "If a man travels during the Month of Ramadan and departs after midday, he must fast that day, and it will be counted as part of his Month of Ramadan fast. However, if he enters a place before dawn with the intention of staying there

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقْبِلُ‌[2] فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ ضَحْوَةً[3] أَوِ ارْتِفَاعَ النَّهَارِ قَالَ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ.

Hadith.1984 - Rifa‘ah ibn Musa narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "I asked him about a man who returns from a journey during Month of Ramadan, expecting to reach his family by mid-morning or later in the day. Imam (as) said: 'If dawn rises while he is still outside (and has not yet entered his hometown), he has the

فِي الْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ‌[4] يَعْنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ.

Hadith.1985 - Yunus ibn Abdul-Rahman narrated from Imam Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) that he said regarding a traveler who reaches his home while in a state of ritual impurity (janabah) before noon and has not yet eaten: "He must complete his fast, and there is no requirement to make it up." The Imam (as) clarifi

فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «مَا عَرَفَ هَذَا حَقَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً » قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ قَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي اَلْإِفْطَارِ وَ اَلتَّقْصِيرِ رَحْمَةً وَ تَخْفِيفاً لِمَوْضِعِ اَلتَّعَبِ وَ اَلنَّصَبِ وَ وَعْثِ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي مُجَ

Hadith.1986 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Imam Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who engages with his concubine during the day in the Month of Ramadan while traveling. The Imam (as) responded: "This person has not recognized the sanctity of the Month of Ramadan, for he has a long stretch of permissible time at night." The que

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَلَغَهُ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

Hadith.1987 - Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: I asked him about a man who fasted while traveling. The Imam (as) replied: "If he was informed that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) prohibited fasting in such a situation, then he must make up for it (qada). However, i