Chapter on the Inheritance of the Magians (zoroastrians)

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ : "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ اَلْمَجُوسِيَّ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِأُمِّهِ وَ بِأُخْتِهِ وَ بِابْنَتِهِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا أُمُّهُ وَ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا زَوْجَتُهُ".

Hadith.5745 - In the narration of Al-Sakuni: " Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to grant inheritance to a Magian who married his mother, sister, or daughter from two aspects - one being that she was his mother, and the other that she was his wife."

إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَسَيْفُهُ وَ مُصْحَفُهُ وَ خَاتَمُهُ وَ كُتُبُهُ وَ رَحْلُهُ[1] وَ كِسْوَتُهُ لِأَكْبَرِ وُلْدِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَكْبَرُ ابْنَةً فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ[2].

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ الْمَيِّتُ إِذَا مَاتَ فَإِنَّ لِابْنِهِ الْأَكْبَرِ السَّيْفَ وَ الرَّحْلَ وَ الثِّيَابَ ثِيَابَ جِلْدِهِ‌[1].

"When a man dies, his eldest son inherits the sword, the saddle, and his personal clothing."

لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ فَأَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهِ‌[3] قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ وَ الرُّبُعُ‌[4] مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِيلٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ هَذَا هَكَذَا- لِئَلَّا تَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةُ ف

"I asked Imam (as) about women and what share they have in inheritance. Imam (as) said: 'They have the value of bricks, buildings, wood, and reeds, but as for land and properties, they have no inheritance in them.' I said: 'What about clothing?' Imam (as) said: 'Clothing is for them.' I said: 'How is this, while they h

وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ‌ عِلَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُ مِنَ الْعَقَارَاتِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا قِيمَةَ الطُّوبِ وَ النِّقْضِ‌[1] لِأَنَّ الْعَقَارَ لَا يُمْكِنُ تَغْيِيرُهُ وَ قَلْبُهُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَهُ مِنَ الْعِصْمَةِ وَ يَجُوزُ تَغْيِيرُهَا وَ تَبْدِيلُهَا وَ لَيْسَ الْوَلَدُ وَ الْوَالِدُ كَذَل

Hadith.5749 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason why a woman does not inherit anything from real estate except for the value of bricks and demolition materials is because real estate cannot be altered or transformed. A woman may experience a severance o

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَرِثْنَ اَلنِّسَاءُ مِنَ اَلْعَقَارِ شَيْئاً وَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ اَلْبِنَاءِ وَ اَلشَّجَرِ وَ اَلنَّخْلِ".

Hadith.5750 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Al-Ahwal from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), he said: "I heard Imam (as) say: 'Women do not inherit anything from real estate, but they are entitled to the value of buildings, trees, and palm trees.'"

"إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ اَلْخَشَبِ وَ اَلطُّوبِ لِئَلاَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَتُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ ".

"The woman was only given the value of wood and bricks so that she does not marry and bring into the family someone who would corrupt their inheritance."

وَ يُقَوَّمُ نِقْضُ الْأَجْذَاعِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ الْأَبْوَابِ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ.

Hadith.5752 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Riʾab and Khaṭṭab Abu Muhammad Al-Hamdani from Ṭirbal from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as), he said: "A woman does not inherit from what her husband leaves behind of villages, houses, weapons, or animals. However, she inherits from money, slaves, clothing,

يَرِثُهَا وَ تَرِثُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ تَرَكَ وَ تَرَكَتْ‌[1].

"I asked Imam (as) about a man - does he inherit his wife's house and land from the soil, or is he like the woman who does not inherit anything from that?" Imam (as) replied: "He inherits from her, and she inherits from him, from everything either of them leaves behind."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ فِي النِّسَاءِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ أُعْطِينَ مِنَ الرِّبَاعِ‌[2].

Hadith.5754 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhayna: "In the case of women, if they have a child, they are given from the inheritance of property."

وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ‌ عِلَّةُ إِعْطَاءِ النِّسَاءِ نِصْفَ مَا يُعْطَى الرِّجَالَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَخَذَتْ وَ الرَّجُلُ يُعْطِي فَلِذَلِكَ وُفِّرَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ. وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي إِعْطَاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَيْ مَا تُعْطَى الْأُنْثَى لِأَنَّ الْأُنْثَى فِي عِيَالِ الذَّكَرِ إِنِ احْتَاجَتْ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ

Hadith.5755 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason women are given half of what men receive from inheritance is because when a woman marries, she receives, whereas a man gives. Therefore, more has been allocated to men." Imam (as) continued: "Another reas

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ قَالَ لِمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهَا مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ.

Hadith.5756 - In the narration of Hamdan ibn Al-Husayn from Al-Husayn ibn Al-Walid from Ibn Bukayr from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'For what reason is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because Allah (swt) has allocated the dowry (ṣadaq) fo

-: لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ مَا بَالُ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلضَّعِيفَةِ لَهَا سَهْمٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلْقَوِيِّ اَلْمُوسِرِ سَهْمَانِ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عَاقِلَةٌ وَ لاَ عَلَيْهَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لاَ جِهَادٌ" وَ عَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ هَذَا "وَ هَذَا عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ فَلِذَلِكَ جُعِلَ لَهُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لَهَا سَ

Hadith.5757 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hisham that Ibn Abi Al-Awjaʾ said to Muhammad ibn Al-Nuʿman Al-Ahwal: "Why does the weak woman have one share while the strong and wealthy man has two shares?" He said: "I mentioned this to Abu Abdullah (as), and Imam (as) said: 'A woman has no obligation to pay blood money (Aq

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الْحَبَّاتِ الَّتِي أَكَلَهَا آدَمُ ع وَ حَوَّاءُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَانَتْ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ حَبَّةً أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنْهَا اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ حَبَّةً وَ أَكَلَتْ حَوَّاءُ سِتّاً فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌[2].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'Why is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because the grains that Adam (as) and Hawwaʾ ate in Paradise were eighteen grains. Adam ate twelve of them, and Hawwaʾ ate six. For this reason, the inheritance is for the male equal to the share of

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِلْوَارِثِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْناً أَوْ ضَيَاعاً فَإِلَيَّ وَ عَلَيَ‌[3].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) narrated that the Prophet of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to say: "I have a greater claim over every believer than his own self. Whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs, and whoever leaves behind debt or dependents in need, then it is upon me and

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلَا تَكْتُمُوا مَوْتَهُ أَهْلَهُ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ لِعِدَّةِ امْرَأَتِهِ تَعْتَدُّ وَ مِيرَاثُهُ يُقْسَمُ‌ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الْمَيِّتُ مِنْهُمْ فَيَذْهَبَ نَصِيبُهُ‌[1].

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say: 'When a person dies during a journey, do not conceal his death from his family, for it is a trust concerning the waiting period (ʿiddah) of his wife so that she may observe it, and his inheritance can be distributed among his fa

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى آخَى بَيْنَ الْأَرْوَاحِ فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْأَجْسَادَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ[2] فَلَوْ قَدْ قَامَ قَائِمُنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَرَّثَ الْأَخَ الَّذِي آخَى بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ وَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثِ الْأَخَ فِي الْوِلَادَةِ

لَهُ‌ يَا عَلِيُّ أُوصِيكَ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا فَلَا تَزَالُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا حَفِظْتَ وَصِيَّتِي يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ كَظَمَ غَيْظاً وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى إِمْضَائِهِ أَعْقَبَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمْناً وَ إِيمَاناً يَجِدُ طَعْمَهُ يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ وَصِيَّتَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ كَانَ نَقْصاً فِي مُرُوءَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكِ‌ الشَّفَاعَةَ[1] يَا عَلِيُّ أَفْضَلُ الْجِهَادِ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ لَا يَهُم