Chapter on al-Ruh, the Spirit

1. It is narrated from a number of our people from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ’Udhayna from al-Ahwal who has said the following. “I asked Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) about the spirit (Ruh) which was in Adam as indicated in the Holy Quran, ‘When it is properly shaped and I have blown My Spirit into it (15:29).’” Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) replied, “This is a created spirit and the spirit in Jesus is created.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A shroud is not perfumed”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you are not in the state of Ihram and hunt in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) within a distance of one Barid (a certain unit of measurement) to al-Haram (the sacred area) you must pay the penalty. If you damage its eyes or break its horn, or injure it, you must pay charity.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. It is narrated from a number of our people from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hajjal from Tha‘laba from Himran who has said the following. “I asked Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, ‘The spirit from Him’. Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) replied, “It is the spirit (Ruh) from Allah created in Adam and Jesus.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from a number of our people who have said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘There is no need for warming up of water for Ghusl (bath) of a deceased, starting up a fire and perfuming the shroud.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who receives a domesticated pigeon as a gift in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he hurts it he must give an amount of charity which is equal to its value.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Salih al-Taymuliy from Ayyub ibn Nuh from Muhammad ibn Sinan from a man who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have Mahirah al-‘Arab (the girl with highest amount of dower among Arabs); will you accept her and she is my daughter?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) replied, ‘I accept her.’ The man said, ‘Another (characteristic) O Messenger of Allah.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘What is that?’ He said, ‘She has never suffered any hardships at all.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘I do not need her but give her in marriage to Jilbib.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Both legs of the man almost failed because of the shock, then her mother came and when she was informed she also felt the same condition as her father. When the girl heard the words and saw the condition her parents were in, she said to them, ‘Please be happy for me with what Allah and His Messenger have chosen for me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘What the girl said comforted her parents. Her father came to the Holy Prophet, and informed him of her words. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said, ‘I have made paradise for her mahr (dower).’ Safwan has added, ‘Her husband (Jilbib) died and her mahr reached one hundred thousand dirham.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Qasin ibn ‘Urwa from ‘Abd al-Hamid al- Ta’i from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following. “I asked Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, ‘I have blown My Spirit into it (15:29)’” The Imam (a.s.) replied, “The spirit has motion like winds. It is called spirit (Ruh) because the word is a derivative of Rih (wind). This derivative is selected because the spirits are similar or are of the genus of the Rih (wind). He has given His own possessive case because He selected it from among the other spirits just as He has said about a House from among the houses ‘My house’ and to a messenger from among the messengers ‘My friend’ and so on. All such things are created, invented, newly produced and are cherished by the Lord.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufiy has narrated from ibn al-Jumhur from his father from Muhammad ibn Sinan from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar who has said that ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman has narrated from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not perfume shrouds and your deceased one’s except with camphor; a deceased person is like one in the state of Ihram.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Muthanna’ ibn ‘Abd al-Salam from Muhammad ibn abu al-Hakam who has said the following: “I once told my slave to prepare lunch. He took a bird in al-Haram (the sacred area), slaughtered and cooked it. I informed abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘Bury it and pay ransom for every bird.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. It is narrated from a number of our people from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abdallah ibn Bahr from abu Ayyub al-Khazzan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following. “I asked Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) about what people narrate that Allah created Adam in His-own form.” The Imam (a.s.) replied, “It is created and newly invented form. Allah selected and chose it over the other various forms and gave His-own possessive case just like He has done so about Ka‘bah and the spirit saying, ‘My house’ ‘I have blown My spirit in Him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy prophet, has said, ‘You must not walk behind the procession for a deceased with a brazier, censer.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a prey which is hunted in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and is brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) when it is still alive. He (the Imam) said, ‘Since he has brought to al-Haram (the sacred area), it is prohibited for him to use it for food or to keep it. Nothing in al-Haram (the sacred area) can be purchased if it is not slaughtered in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) and then is brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) already slaughtered, in which case it is not harmful.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa form Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Al-Hakam once asked abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who receives a pigeon as a gift in al- Haram (the sacred area) with its wings shortened. He (the Imam) said, ‘He takes it, looks after it and feeds it until its wings grow, then sets it free.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim from Muthanna’ ibn ‘Abd al-Salam from Karib al-Sayrafiy who has said the following: “We were a group and bought a bird, cut its wings short and brought it in Makkah. People criticized us for this and Karib sent someone to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), to ask him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Leave it in the trust of a Muslim man or woman of Makkah, who will release it when it will become normal .’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Safwan ibn Yahya who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘If one hurts a bird in al-Haram (the sacred area) when one is not in the state of ’Ihram, he owes its price. This price is one dirham with which he buys feed for the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Khallad who has said the following: “About a man who has slaughtered a pigeon of the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He owes a ransom.’ I then asked, ‘Can he use it for food?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ I then asked, ‘Can he throw it away?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he did so he will owe another ransom.’ I then asked, ’What then he must do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to bury it.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Muthanna’ al-Hannat from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who leaves Makkah with a bird for al-Kufah. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must return it to Makkah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The ransom for a pigeon is one dirham, for a pigeon chick half of a dirham and for an egg it is one-forth of a dirham.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub, from ibn Ri’ab from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah) (a.s.), about a man who finds a bird in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and buys it, then enters al-Haram (the sacred area), with it and it dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘Were he to release it in al-Haram (the sacred area), then it died he did not owe anything. If he holds it until it dies with him in al-Haram (the sacred area) he is required to pay ransom.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

12. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who shoots a prey in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and it then moves into al-Haram (the sacred area) and dies there: if he is required to pay ransom. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he does not owe ransom because he shoots it as he does and it is lawful for him. The example of this is like the one who sets up a trap in an area next to al-Haram (the sacred area). The prey trapped in it moves until it enters al-Haram (the sacred area). He does not owe anything for it; it happened afterwards.’ I then said, ‘This is analogy in the views of people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One thing is confused with another thing to you.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

13. From Safwan ibn Yahya has narrated from Ziyad abu al-Hassan al-Wasitiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a people who lock a door on pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are required to pay the price of every bird which is one [half] dirham with which pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) are fed.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

14. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad am Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ ibn ‘ Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “About a man who, is not in the state of Ihram, shoots from inside of al-Haram (the sacred area) a prey outside of al-Haram (the sacred area) and kills it, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘There is ransom on him because calamity came upon the bird from al-Haram (the sacred area). I asked him (the Imam), about a man who shoots a prey outside al-Haram (the sacred area) in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) and it moves until it enters al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘Its meat is prohibited for him like a dead animal’s.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

15. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Of the pigeon of Makkah the domesticated are different from pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). If one slaughters one of them and he is not in the state of Ihram his paying charity is better than its price. If he is in the state of Ihram then there is one sheep for every bird.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

16. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya’qub who has said the following: “I once sent a message to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), that my brother had purchased pigeons from al-Madinah and we went to Makkah for ‘Umrah. We stayed for Hajj, then we took the pigeon with us from Makkah to al-Kufah; if we owe anything. He (the Imam) said to the messenger, ‘I think they were beautiful.’ He (the Imam) said to him, ‘For every one of them one sheep must be slaughtered.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

17. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ibn Muskan from Ibrahim ibn Maymun who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who pulled out the feathers of a pigeon of the pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to pay charity to a destitute with the hand with which he pulled out the feathers because it caused pain.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

18. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Flazim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a slaughtered bird given to us as gift in Makkah, if I can use it for food with my family. He (the Imam) said, ‘People of Makkah do not think it is harmful.’ I then asked, ‘What do you say about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They owe its prices.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

19. Certain persons of our people have narrated from abu Jarir al-Qummiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of our buying hawks and taking them to al-Haram (the sacred area), if we owe anything. He (the Imam) said, ‘If one takes any of the birds that when flying, flap their wing, he has taken them to their sanctuary, and should leave them there.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from Yazid ibn Khalifah who has said the following: “In one side of my house there were two eggs of pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). The boy went to move the cluster not knowing that the eggs were there and he broke them. I went out and met ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan and mentioned it to him. He said, ‘You must give charity of two handful of flour.’ I then met abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and informed him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Pay the price of two birds as feed for the pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area).’ I then met ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan and informed him about it and he said, ‘He (the Imam) has told you the truth. You can narrate it because he (the Imam) has taken it from his ancestors.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

21. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from and Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of my slaughtering two fledgling birds in Makkah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Did you slaughter them?’ I replied, ‘Yes, because a slave-girl of the people of Makkah brought them to me and asked me to slaughter them and I thought I was in al-Kufah and did not remember al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘You must pay their price.’ I asked, ‘How much is it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one dirham and it is better than them.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

22. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah from Dawud ibn Farqad who has said the following: “Once we were in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in Makkah and Dawud ibn Ali also was in it. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to me, ‘Dawud ibn Ali asked me, “What do you say, O abu ‘Abd Allah, about the turtledove we caught and shortened their feathers?”’ I replied, ‘Because of your pulling out its feathers, you must feed them until their feathers grow as normal; then set them free.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

23. Ahmad ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of my eating ostrich eggs in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘You must give its price in charity.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

24. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Muthanna’ who has said the following: “Once we went to Makkah and women caught a turtledove of Amlaj (a place between al-Madinah and Makkah) turtledoves. The women pulled out the feathers of its wing, then took it to Makkah. Abu Basir went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and informed him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Look for a trustworthy woman and give it to her to feed and keep it until its wings grow to normal, then set it free.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

25. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Imran al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what of the birds are undesirable. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is whatever when flying over your head does not flap its wings.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqiy from Dawud ibn abu Yazid al-‘Attar from abu Sa‘id al-Mukariy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who kills a lion in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ’He owes one ram.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

27. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Bukayr ibn ‘A’yan who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ’Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a man who finds a deer in non-al-Haram (the sacred area), then buys it and takes it to al-Haram (the sacred area) and it dies in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he releases it after entering al- Haram (the sacred area) then it dies, he does not owe anything; but if he keeps it after entering al- Haram (the sacred area) and then it dies in al-Haram (the sacred area) with him, he owes the ransom.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

28. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “Hamzah ibn al-Yasa’ said to me that I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the tiger that is purchased in Mina and then is taken out of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ’Everything of beasts that are brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) in captivity you must take out of al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

29. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has narrated that his father (a.s.), was asked about the tree with its roots in al-Haram (the sacred area) and its branches in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) with a bird on it that was shot by a man that made it to fall down. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to pay the penalty if its root is in al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

30. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘ Atiyyah from ‘Abd al-‘A‘la’ ibn ‘A‘yan who has said the following: I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who finds a prey in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and ties it down next to al-Haram (the sacred area); but it walks and enters al-Haram (the sacred area) with the rope around its neck. The man pulls the rope and takes it out of al-Haram (the sacred area) and he is in non-al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘Its price and meat is prohibited like the dead animal’s.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.