Marriage

لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِحُكْمِهَا فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحْكُمَ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ‌[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who married a woman according to her own condition (by her terms), but he died before she could set the conditions. Imam (as) said: "She is not entitled to a dowry (ṣadaq), but she inherits from him."

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يُلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ وَلِيدَتِهِ[1].

كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ فَحَمَلَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ الْوَلَدُ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ ع بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ[3].

وَ رَوَى النَّضْرُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ دِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ‌[2].

"A woman is entitled to a share of the blood money (diyyah) of her husband, and a man is entitled to a share of the blood money of his wife, as long as neither of them has killed the other."

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً عَمْداً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ تُعْلِمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجَهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ فَعَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِنْ دِيَتِهِ مَعَ أَبِ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a woman who intentionally drank medicine while she was pregnant without informing her husband, causing her to miscarry his child. Imam (as) said: "If the fetus had developed bones upon which flesh had grown, she must pay the full diyyah (blood money) to the fa

يَجُوزُ لِأَبِيهَا مَا وَهَبَتْ لَهُ‌[2].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who struck his pregnant daughter, causing her to miscarry a stillborn child. The woman's husband sought justice against her father. The woman then said to her husband: "If this miscarriage has a diyyah (blood money) and I have a share of inheritance in it, then I give my share to my father

زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ يُكَذِّبُ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَبَداً وَ أَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَإِنِّي أَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا ادَّعَاهُ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ يَرِثُ الِابْنُ الْأَبَ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الْأَبُ الِابْنَ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ لِأَخْوَالِهِ‌[3] وَ إِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ.

Hadith.5691 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who was asked about a case of mula'anah (mutual cursing) where a man accuses his wife of adultery, disowns her child, and they engage in the process of mula'anah. Later, the husband claims that the child is indeed his and denies his earlier accusatio

يُخَيَّرُ وَاحِدَةً مِنِ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَلْزَمْتَ نَفْسَكَ الذَّنْبَ فَيُقَامُ فِيكَ الْحَدُّ وَ تُعْطَى الْمِيرَاثَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقْرَرْتَ فَلَاعَنْتَ أَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهَا

Hadith.5695 - Abu Al-Jawza' narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Alwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Zayd ibn Ali, from his father (as), from his grandfather (as), from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and then left. When he returned, he found that his wife had passed away. Imam Ali ibn

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا وَ أَنْكَرَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ ادَّعَاهُ وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ يَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who had invoked li'an against his wife while she was pregnant, and her pregnancy was visibly apparent. He denied what was in her womb. However, after she gave birth, he claimed the child and acknowledged it, asserting that it was his. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "The child is returned

أَيُّهَا الْقَاضِي اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ خَصْمِي فَقَالَ لَهَا وَ مَنْ خَصْمُكِ قَالَتْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَفْرِجُوا لَهَا فَأَفْرَجُوا لَهَا فَدَخَلَتْ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا ظُلَامَتُكِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ لِي مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقْضِي عَلَى الْمَبَالِ قَالَتْ فَإِنِّي أَبُولُ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً وَ يَسْكُنَانِ مَعاً قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ وَ اللَّهِ مَا سَمِعْتُ بِأَعْجَبَ

"Shurayh the judge was once sitting in his court when a woman approached him and said: 'O' judge, rule between me and my opponent.' He (Shurayh) asked her: 'And who is your opponent?' She replied: 'You.' Shurayh said: 'Make way for her,' so they made space, and she entered. He (Shurayh) asked her: 'What is your grievan

وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِذَا ارْتَدَّ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ كَمَا تَبِينُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثاً وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنْهُ كَمَا تَعْتَدُّ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَ تَابَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا لَهُ‌[2] وَ إِ

"If a Muslim man apostatizes from Islam, his wife becomes separated from him just as a woman becomes separated after a third divorce, and she must observe the waiting period (iddah) as a divorced woman does. If he returns to Islam and repents before she marries another man, he may propose to her again, and she is not r

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْمُسْلِمُ يَرِثُ امْرَأَتَهُ الذِّمِّيَّةَ وَ هِيَ لَا تَرِثُهُ.

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A Muslim man inherits from his dhimmi (non-Muslim under Islamic protection) wife, but she does not inherit from him."

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ قَرَابَتُهُ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Muslim man who died and had a Christian mother, along with a Muslim wife and Muslim children. Imam (as) said: "If his mother accepts Islam before the inheritance is divided, she is given one-sixth." I asked: "What if he has no wife, no children, and no heir

أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ حَتَّى يُدْرِكُوا قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُنْفِقَانِ عَلَى الصِّغَارِ فَقَالَ يُخْرِجُ وَارِثُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ النَّفَقَةِ وَ يُخْرِجُ و

I asked Imam (as) about a Christian man who died, leaving behind a Muslim nephew (son of his brother) and a Muslim niece (daughter of his sister), while his own children and wife were Christians. Imam (as) said: "I see that the Muslim nephew should be given two-thirds of what he left behind, and the Muslim niece should

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَ‌

Hadith.5734 - In the narration of Ibn Muskan from Sulayman ibn Khalid, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When a man died and had a slave woman as his wife, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would purchase her from his wealth, free her, and then grant her inheritance."

لَا يَطَؤُهَا حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ قُلْتُ فَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ مَالًا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ- فَأُعْتِقَ وَ وُرِّثَ‌[1] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ مَالًا قَالَ فَهُوَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ كَهَيْأَتِهَا.

I asked him about a man who had a slave woman (umm walad) and her child from him died. He then married her to another man, and she bore him a child. Later, that man died, and she returned to her original master. I asked: "Does he have the right to be intimate with her before marrying her?" Imam (as) said: "He cannot be

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ : "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ اَلْمَجُوسِيَّ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِأُمِّهِ وَ بِأُخْتِهِ وَ بِابْنَتِهِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا أُمُّهُ وَ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا زَوْجَتُهُ".

Hadith.5745 - In the narration of Al-Sakuni: " Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to grant inheritance to a Magian who married his mother, sister, or daughter from two aspects - one being that she was his mother, and the other that she was his wife."

لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ فَأَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهِ‌[3] قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ وَ الرُّبُعُ‌[4] مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِيلٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ هَذَا هَكَذَا- لِئَلَّا تَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةُ ف

"I asked Imam (as) about women and what share they have in inheritance. Imam (as) said: 'They have the value of bricks, buildings, wood, and reeds, but as for land and properties, they have no inheritance in them.' I said: 'What about clothing?' Imam (as) said: 'Clothing is for them.' I said: 'How is this, while they h

"إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ اَلْخَشَبِ وَ اَلطُّوبِ لِئَلاَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَتُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ ".

"The woman was only given the value of wood and bricks so that she does not marry and bring into the family someone who would corrupt their inheritance."

وَ يُقَوَّمُ نِقْضُ الْأَجْذَاعِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ الْأَبْوَابِ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ.

Hadith.5752 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Riʾab and Khaṭṭab Abu Muhammad Al-Hamdani from Ṭirbal from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as), he said: "A woman does not inherit from what her husband leaves behind of villages, houses, weapons, or animals. However, she inherits from money, slaves, clothing,

يَرِثُهَا وَ تَرِثُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ تَرَكَ وَ تَرَكَتْ‌[1].

"I asked Imam (as) about a man - does he inherit his wife's house and land from the soil, or is he like the woman who does not inherit anything from that?" Imam (as) replied: "He inherits from her, and she inherits from him, from everything either of them leaves behind."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ قَالَ لِمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهَا مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ.

Hadith.5756 - In the narration of Hamdan ibn Al-Husayn from Al-Husayn ibn Al-Walid from Ibn Bukayr from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'For what reason is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because Allah (swt) has allocated the dowry (ṣadaq) fo

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلَا تَكْتُمُوا مَوْتَهُ أَهْلَهُ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ لِعِدَّةِ امْرَأَتِهِ تَعْتَدُّ وَ مِيرَاثُهُ يُقْسَمُ‌ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الْمَيِّتُ مِنْهُمْ فَيَذْهَبَ نَصِيبُهُ‌[1].

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say: 'When a person dies during a journey, do not conceal his death from his family, for it is a trust concerning the waiting period (ʿiddah) of his wife so that she may observe it, and his inheritance can be distributed among his fa

هِبَةُ الرَّجُلِ لِزَوْجَتِهِ تَزِيدُ فِي عِفَّتِهَا.

Hadith.5831 - The Prophet (sw) said; "A man's gift to his wife increases her chastity." (strengthens her sense of loyalty and affinity for her husband)

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي بَعْضِ خُطَبِهِ‌ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اسْمَعُوا قَوْلِي وَ اعْقِلُوهُ عَنِّي فَإِنَّ الْفِرَاقَ قَرِيبٌ أَنَا [تصوير نسخه خطى‌] إِمَامُ الْبَرِيَّةِ وَ وَصِيُّ خَيْرِ الْخَلِيقَةِ وَ زَوْجُ سَيِّدَةِ نِسَاءِ الْأُمَّةِ وَ أَبُو الْعِتْرَةِ الطَّاهِرَةِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْهَادِيَةِ أَنَا أَخُو رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ وَصِيُّهُ وَ وَلِيُّهُ وَ وَزِيرُهُ وَ صَاحِبُهُ وَ صَفِيُّهُ وَ حَبِيبُه

Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), said in one of his sermons: "O' people, listen to my words and understand them from me, for separation is near. I am the leader of creation, the successor of the best of creatures (Prophet (sw)), the husband of the mistress of the women of this nation (Sayyidah Fa

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً وَصِيِّي وَ خَلِيفَتِي وَ زَوْجَتُهُ- فَاطِمَةُ سَيِّدَةُ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ ابْنَتِي وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَلَدَايَ مَنْ وَالاهُمْ فَقَدْ وَالانِي وَ مَنْ عَادَاهُمْ فَقَدْ عَادَانِي وَ مَنْ نَاوَأَهُمْ فَقَدْ نَاوَأَنِي‌ وَ مَنْ جَفَاهُمْ فَقَدْ جَفَانِي وَ مَنْ بَرَّهُمْ فَقَدْ بَرَّنِي وَصَلَ اللَّهُ مَنْ وَصَلَهُمْ وَ قَطَعَ اللَّهُ

"The Prophet (sw), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Indeed, Ali (as) is my executor and successor, and his wife (Sayyidah) Fatimah {s.a}, the leader of the women of the worlds, is my daughter, and Al-Hasan (as) and Al-Hussain (as), the leaders of the youth of Paradise, are my sons. Whoever befrien