Charity & Zakat

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ تَعْجِيلِ الْفِطْرَةِ بِيَوْمٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى بِأَنْ نَجْمَعَهَا وَ نَجْعَلَ قِيمَتَهَا وَرِقاً[3] وَ نُعْطِيَهَا رَجُلًا وَاحِداً مُسْلِماً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about paying al-Fitrah one day earlier. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’ I then asked, ‘Is it permissible to collect al-Fitrah and then turn it into waraq (cash) and give it to one Muslim person?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”

لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُعْطِيَ الرَّجُلُ عَنْ عِيَالِهِ وَ هُمْ غُيَّبٌ عَنْهُ وَ يَأْمُرَهُمْ فَيُعْطُونَ عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهُمْ.

‘It is not harmful to pay al-Fitrah for one’s dependents who are not present, and one can instruct his dependents to pay for him in case one is not present.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ وَ كَمْ تُدْفَعُ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ بِالْمَدَنِيِّ وَ ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْبَغْدَادِيِّ.

‘It is six Artal of dates by al-Madiniy Artal which is nine Artal by al- Baghdadiy ones.”’

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي‌[2] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الصَّاعِ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ الْفِطْرَةُ بِصَاعِ الْمَدَنِيِّ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ بِصَاعِ الْعِرَاقِيِّ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ الصَّاعُ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْمَدَنِيِّ وَ تِسْعَةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْعِرَاقِيِّ قَالَ وَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ بِالْوَزْنِ أَلْفاً وَ مِائَةً وَ سَبْعِينَ وَزْنَةً.

“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), through my father asking, ‘May I be sacrificed for you, our people have differences about al-Sa’. Some of them say that al-Fitra is by al-Sa‘ al-Madaniy and others say it is by al-Sa‘ al-‘Iraqiy. He (the Imam) wrote back to me: ‘Al-Sa‘ is six Artal by al-Madaniy, and nine Artal by

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ إِلَّا مَا يُؤَدِّي عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَحْدَهَا يُعْطِيهِ غَرِيباً أَوْ يَأْكُلُ هُوَ وَ عِيَالُهُ قَالَ يُعْطِي بَعْضَ عِيَالِهِ ثُمَّ يُعْطِي الْآخَرُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ يُرَدِّدُونَهَا فَيَكُونُ عَنْهُمْ جَمِيعاً فِطْرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has an amount which is only sufficient for him if he can give it to an outsider destitute or himself and (his) family use it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can give to one of his dependents who then gives to another and so on, one person gives to other one and it will be o

قُلْتُ الْفَقِيرُ الَّذِي يُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةُ الْفِطْرَةِ فَقَالَ‌[3] نَعَمْ يُعْطِي مِمَّا يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ‌[4].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who receives al-Fitrah: if he is required to pay al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is required to pay al-Fitrah from what he receives as al- Fitrah.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ عَلَيْهِ فِطْرَةٌ قَالَ لَا قَدْ خَرَجَ الشَّهْرُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ يَهُودِيٍّ- أَسْلَمَ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ عَلَيْهِ فِطْرَةٌ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a new born on the night of al-Fitr; if there is al-Fitrah obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, al-Fitrah is not obligatory because the month is passed.’ I then asked, about a Jew who becomes a Muslim on the night of al-Fitr. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, al-Fitrah is no

كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْوَصِيُّ يُزَكِّي عَنِ الْيَتَامَى زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرَةِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مَالٌ فَكَتَبَ لَا زَكَاةَ عَلَى يَتِيمٍ وَ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ يَمُوتُ مَوْلَاهُ وَ هُوَ عَنْهُ غَائِبٌ فِي بَلَدٍ آخَرَ وَ فِي يَدِهِ مَالٌ لِمَوْلَاهُ- وَ يَحْضُرُ الْفِطْرُ أَ يُزَكِّي عَنْ نَفْسِهِ مِنْ مَالِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ قَدْ صَارَ لِلْيَتَامَى قَالَ نَعَمْ‌[1].

“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), and asked if the executor of the will is required to pay al-Fitrah for the orphans if they have any assets. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘There is no al-Fitrah on orphans.’ I asked if a slave whose master dies who is in another location, and there is a certain amount of assets of his mast

قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَلْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي الْفِطْرَةُ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْفِطْرَةُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنِ اقْتَاتَ قُوتاً فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْقُوتِ.

‘al-Fitrah is on every one who consumes food, thus it is obligatory to pay from what one consumes.’”

سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فِي الْبَادِيَةِ لَا يُمْكِنُهُ الْفِطْرَةُ قَالَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَرْطَالٍ مِنْ لَبَنٍ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who lives in a remote village and is not able to pay al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ’He is required to pay by four Artal of milk.”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الضَّيْفُ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ فَيَحْضُرُ يَوْمُ الْفِطْرِ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ الْفِطْرَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ الْفِطْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has a guest from his brothers and the day of al-Fitrah comes; if he must pay al-Fitrah for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, al-Fitrah is obligatory for everyone whom you count of your dependents, male, female, children, grown up, free or slaves.’”

لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ رَأْسَيْنِ وَ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةٍ يَعْنِي الْفِطْرَةَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful to pay al-Fitrah for two, three, or four people to one man.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرَةِ قَالَ تُعْطِيهَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ مُسْلِماً فَمُسْتَضْعَفاً وَ أَعْطِ ذَا قَرَابَتِكَ مِنْهَا إِنْ شِئْتَ‌[2].

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about Zakat of al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Pay it to the Muslims. If you do not find one, pay to a Mustaz‘af (mentally and physically weak) or pay to your relatives, if you like.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرَةِ أُعْطِيهَا غَيْرَ أَهْلِ وَلَايَتِي مِنْ فُقَرَاءِ جِيرَانِي قَالَ نَعَمْ الْجِيرَانُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا لِمَكَانِ الشُّهْرَةِ.

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about al-Fitrah; if I can pay it to poor neighboring people who are not of the people of my Wilayah (people who believe in the Divine Authority of ’A’immah). He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, neighbors are more deserving because of the popularity (of fatwa about the privileges of neighbors).”’

يُؤَدِّي الرَّجُلُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرَةِ عَنْ مُكَاتَبِهِ وَ رَقِيقِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ عَبْدِهِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ وَ الْمَجُوسِيِّ وَ مَا أَغْلَقَ عَلَيْهِ بَابَهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is permissible to pay Zakat al-Fitrah to a slave who has contracted his freedom, slave of one’s wife, his own Christian, Zoroastrian slave and those who have closed the door on themselves.’”

قَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَأَعْطِ عَنْ عِيَالِنَا[1] الْفِطْرَةَ وَ أَعْطِ عَنِ الرَّقِيقِ وَ اجْمَعْهُمْ وَ لَا تَدَعْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَرَكْتَ مِنْهُمْ إِنْسَاناً تَخَوَّفْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَوْتَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْفَوْتُ قَالَ الْمَوْتُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to me, ‘Go and pay al-Fitrah for our dependents and pay for the slaves for all of them and do not leave anyone. If you left out a soul from them I will be afraid for the loss.’ I asked, ‘What kind of loss is it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is death.’”

بَعَثْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع بِدَرَاهِمَ لِي وَ لِغَيْرِي وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ أُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّهَا مِنْ فِطْرَةِ الْعِيَالِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ قَبَضْتُ وَ قَبِلْتُ.

“I once sent a certain amount of dirham that belonged to me and someone else to abu al-Hassan, al- Rida’ (a.s.), and wrote to inform him that it is of al-Fitrah of the family. He (the Imam) wrote with his hand writing, ‘I received and accepted.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ لِمَنْ هِيَ قَالَ لِلْإِمَامِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَأُخْبِرُ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ نَعَمْ مَنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُطَهِّرَهُ مِنْهُمْ وَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تُعْطِيَ وَ تَحْمِلَ ثَمَنَ ذَلِكَ وَرِقاً.

“I once asked him (the Imam) about al-Fitrah, ‘To whom does it belong?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It belongs to the Imam.’ I then asked, ‘Can I tell my people about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if you like to cleanse certain ones among them.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘It is not harmful to change the price of al-Fitrah in

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثِ ع أَنَّ قَوْماً سَأَلُونِي عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ وَ يَسْأَلُونِّي أَنْ يَحْمِلُوا قِيمَتَهَا إِلَيْكَ وَ قَدْ بَعَثَ إِلَيْكَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ عَامَ أَوَّلَ‌[3] وَ سَأَلَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ فَنَسِيتُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ الْعَامَ عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ مِنْ عِيَالِي بِدِرْهَمٍ عَلَى قِيمَةِ تِسْعَةِ أَرْطَالٍ‌ بِدِرْهَمٍ‌[1] فَرَأْيُكَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ فِي ذَلِكَ ف

“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, the third (a.s.), that a (certain) people have asked me about al-Fitrah. They ask if they can bring its price to you. In the year before, this man had delivered to you. He had asked me to ask you but I had forgotten about it. This year I have sent you for every one of my dependents one d

إِذَا كُنْتَ حَلَالًا فَقَتَلْتَ الصَّيْدَ فِي الْحِلِّ مَا بَيْنَ الْبَرِيدِ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْكَ جَزَاؤُهُ‌[3] فَإِنْ فَقَأْتَ عَيْنَهُ أَوْ كَسَرْتَ قَرْنَهُ أَوْ جَرَحْتَهُ تَصَدَّقْتَ بِصَدَقَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you are not in the state of Ihram and hunt in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) within a distance of one Barid (a certain unit of measurement) to al-Haram (the sacred area) you must pay the penalty. If you damage its eyes or break its horn, or injure it, you must pay charity.”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُهْدِيَ لَهُ حَمَامٌ أَهْلِيٌّ وَ هُوَ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَ إِنْ هُوَ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً[4] فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بِثَمَنِهِ نَحْواً مِمَّا كَانَ يَسْوَى فِي الْقِيمَةِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who receives a domesticated pigeon as a gift in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he hurts it he must give an amount of charity which is equal to its value.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ فِي حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ الطَّيْرُ الْأَهْلِيُّ غَيْرُ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ‌[1] مَنْ ذَبَحَ طَيْراً مِنْهُ وَ هُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْرِمٍ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ‌[2] فَإِنْ كَانَ مُحْرِماً فَشَاةٌ عَنْ كُلِّ طَيْرٍ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Of the pigeon of Makkah the domesticated are different from pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). If one slaughters one of them and he is not in the state of Ihram his paying charity is better than its price. If he is in the state of Ihram then there is one sheep for every bir

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ نَتَفَ حَمَامَةً مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ‌[1] قَالَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِصَدَقَةٍ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ وَ يُعْطِي بِالْيَدِ الَّتِي نَتَفَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَوْجَعَهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who pulled out the feathers of a pigeon of the pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to pay charity to a destitute with the hand with which he pulled out the feathers because it caused pain.’”

كَانَ فِي جَانِبِ بَيْتِي مِكْتَلٌ‌[3] فِيهِ بَيْضَتَانِ مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ فَذَهَبَ الْغُلَامُ يَكُبُّ الْمِكْتَلَ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فِيهِ بَيْضَتَيْنِ فَكَسَرَهُمَا فَخَرَجْتُ فَلَقِيتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِكَفَّيْنِ مِنْ دَقِيقٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَعْدُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ ثَمَنُ طَيْرَيْنِ تَعْلِفُ بِهِ حَمَامَ الْحَرَمِ

“In one side of my house there were two eggs of pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). The boy went to move the cluster not knowing that the eggs were there and he broke them. I went out and met ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan and mentioned it to him. He said, ‘You must give charity of two handful of flour.’ I then met abu ‘Ab

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ بَيْضَةِ نَعَامَةٍ أَكَلْتُ فِي الْحَرَمِ قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِثَمَنِهَا[2].

‘You must give its price in charity.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ اللُّقَطَةُ لُقَطَتَانِ لُقَطَةُ الْحَرَمِ تُعَرِّفُ سَنَةً فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ صَاحِبَهَا وَ إِلَّا تَصَدَّقْتَ بِهَا وَ لُقَطَةُ غَيْرِهَا تُعَرِّفُ سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا وَ إِلَّا فَهِيَ كَسَبِيلِ مَالِكَ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Findings are of two kinds. The findings, in al-Haram (the sacred area), are publicized for one year. If the owner is found, it is delivered to him; otherwise, it is given in charity. The findings, in non-al-Haram (the sacred area), are publicized for one year. If the owner comes it i

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الطَّيِّبِ ع‌[3] أَنِّي كُنْتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَرَأَيْتُ دِينَاراً فَأَهْوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ لآِخُذَهُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِآخَرَ ثُمَّ بَحَثْتُ الْحَصَى فَإِذَا أَنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَعَرَّفْتُهَا فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهَا أَحَدٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ فَهِمْتُ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدَّنَانِيرِ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مُحْتَاجاً فَتَصَدَّقْ بِثُلُثِهَا وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ غَنِيّاً فَتَصَدَّقْ بِال

‘I was in Masjid al-Haram and I saw a dinar. I bent down to take it and there was another dinar. I searched in the pebbles and found a third one. I took them and publicized but no one knows them. What is your instruction? He (the Imam) wrote back to me, ‘I understood the case of dinars. If you are needy give one-third

إِنَّ قَوْماً أَقْبَلُوا مِنْ مِصْرٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ فَأَوْصَى بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ لِلْكَعْبَةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْوَصِيُّ مَكَّةَ سَأَلَ فَدَلُّوهُ عَلَى بَنِي شَيْبَةَ فَأَتَاهُمْ فَأَخْبَرَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّتُكَ ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَقَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ فَدَلُّوهُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَأَتَانِي فَسَأَلَنِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ

“I heard abu Ja’far (a.s.), say, ‘A people were coming from Egypt, and on the way one of them died, who had said in his will to donate one thousand dirham to al-Ka‘bah. The executor of the will, on his arrival in Makkah, asked and he was directed to banu Shaybah. He went and informed them about the donation. They said,

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ لَمْ يَحُجَّ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ- وَ أَذِّنْ‌ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجالًا وَ عَلى‌ كُلِّ ضامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ‌ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ‌[2] فَأَمَرَ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنُوا بِأَعْلَى أَصْوَاتِهِمْ بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَحُجُّ فِي عَامِهِ هَذَا فَعَلِمَ بِهِ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَ أَهْلُ الْعَوَالِي وَ

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family wor

كُنْتُ أَحُجُّ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي سَنَةٍ شَدِيدَةٍ أَصَابَ النَّاسَ فِيهَا جَهْدٌ[1] فَقَالَ لِي أَصْحَابِي لَوْ نَظَرْتَ إِلَى مَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَحُجَّ الْعَامَ بِهِ فَتَصَدَّقْتَ بِهِ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ وَ تَرَوْنَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَتَصَدَّقْتُ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ بِمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَحُجَّ بِهِ وَ أَقَمْتُ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا لَيْلَةَ عَرَفَةَ وَ قُلْتُ وَ اللَّهِ ل

“I would perform Hajj every year. One year in which people suffered severe hardships, my people told me to consider my performing Hajj that year; that I should instead of spending for Hajj, give it in charity. It can be more beneficial than performing Hajj. I then asked them, ‘Do you think that is right?’ They replied,

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي أَحُجُّ سَنَةً وَ شَرِيكِي سَنَةً قَالَ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْحَجِّ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قُلْتُ لَا أَتَفَرَّغُ لِذَلِكَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَتَصَدَّقُ بِخَمْسِمِائَةٍ مَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الْحَجُّ أَفْضَلُ قُلْتُ أَلْفٍ قَالَ الْحَجُّ أَفْضَلُ قُلْتُ فَأَلْفٍ وَ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ قَالَ الْحَجُّ أَفْضَلُ قُلْتُ أَلْفَيْنِ قَالَ أَ فِي أَلْفَيْكَ طَوَافُ الْبَيْتِ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ أَ فِي

I said to Abu Abdillah al-Sadiq (as), "I go for Hajj one year, and my partner goes the next year." He (Abu Abdullah) asked, "What prevents you from performing Hajj, O Ibrahim?" I replied, "I am not free to do so, may I be your ransom, so I give 500 in charity instead." He said, "Hajj is better." I said, "What if I give

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ حَجَّةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ بَيْتٍ مَمْلُوءٍ ذَهَباً يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ حَتَّى يَفْنَى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One Hajj is better than spending a whole house full of gold in charity until it is finished.’”

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- مَنِ اسْتَطاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ قَالَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ الزَّادُ وَ الرَّاحِلَةُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَدْ سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ هَذَا فَقَالَ هَلَكَ النَّاسُ إِذاً لَئِنْ كَانَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ زَادٌ وَ رَاحِلَةٌ قَدْرَ مَا يَقُوتُ عِيَالَهُ وَ يَسْتَغْنِي بِهِ عَنِ النَّاسِ يَنْطَلِقُ إِلَيْهِ فَيَسْلُبُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘It is obligatory upon people from Allah to perform al-Hajj who have the way (are able) to do so.’ (3:96) He (the Imam) asked, ‘What do people say about it?’ It was said, to him (the Imam), ‘They say it is supplies and transpor

كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَراً جَمَعَ عِيَالَهُ فِي بَيْتٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَوْدِعُكَ الْغَدَاةَ نَفْسِي وَ مَالِي وَ أَهْلِي وَ وُلْدِي الشَّاهِدَ مِنَّا وَ الْغَائِبَ اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْنَا وَ احْفَظْ عَلَيْنَا[2] اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا فِي جِوَارِكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَسْلُبْنَا نِعْمَتَكَ وَ لَا تُغَيِّرْ مَا بِنَا مِنْ عَافِيَتِكَ وَ فَضْلِكَ.

When abu Ja’far (a.s.), wanted to leave for a journey, he would ask his family to come together in the house. He would then say, ‘O Allah, I leave in the morning in Your trust my soul, my possession, my family, my children, those present and those absent. O Allah, protect us and protect things important to us. O Allah,

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ يُكْرَهُ السَّفَرُ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ الْمَكْرُوهَةِ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ افْتَتِحْ سَفَرَكَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ وَ اقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ إِذَا بَدَا لَكَ.

’Begin your journey with giving charity and reading verse 255 of Chapter two when you decide to leave for your journey.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ تَصَدَّقْ وَ اخْرُجْ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ شِئْتَ.

‘You should give charity and leave for your journey any time you like.’”

لَوْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّفَرَ قَامَ عَلَى بَابِ دَارِهِ تِلْقَاءَ وَجْهِهِ الَّذِي يَتَوَجَّهُ لَهُ فَقَرَأَ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ أَمَامَهُ وَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ وَ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ أَمَامَهُ وَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْنِي وَ احْفَظْ مَا مَعِي وَ سَلِّمْنِي وَ سَلِّمْ مَا مَعِي وَ بَلِّغْنِي وَ بَلِّغْ مَا مَعِي بِبَلَاغِكَ الْحَسَنِ لَحَف

“I once heard Musa ibn Ja‘far (a.s.), say, ‘When one of your people decides to leave for a journey, he should stand at the door of his house. He should face the direction of his journey, read Chapter one of the Holy Quran to his front, right and left side. He then should read Ayatu al-Kursiy (verse 255 of Chapter two)

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِذَا أَحْرَمْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً وَ قِلَّةِ الْكَلَامِ إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ مِنْ تَمَامِ الْحَجِّ وَ الْعُمْرَةِ أَنْ يَحْفَظَ الْمَرْءُ لِسَانَهُ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَ لا فُسُوقَ وَ لا جِدالَ فِي الْحَجِ‌ وَ الرَّفَثُ الْجِمَاع

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and ibn abu ‘Umayr all from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you assume the state of Ihram you

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الظِّلَالُ وَ هِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَالرَّجُلُ يُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهِ الظِّلَالُ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَتْ بِهِ شَقِيقَةٌ[3] وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِمُدٍّ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a woman for whom a shadow is prepared while she is in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ I then asked the same about men. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if he suffers from severe headache, but he must pay one mud (a certain measurement) of

لَا يَمَسَّ الْمُحْرِمُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الطِّيبِ وَ لَا الرَّيْحَانِ وَ لَا يَتَلَذَّذْ بِهِ وَ لَا بِرِيحٍ طَيِّبَةٍ فَمَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بِقَدْرِ مَا صَنَعَ قَدْرَ سَعَتِهِ

"The one in the state of Ihram must not touch any items of fragrance or plants, nor should he derive pleasure from it, and neither should he smell a pleasant odor. So whoever is tested with any of that should give in charity an amount equivalent to what he has done, to the best of his ability."

رَأَيْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع كُشِفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ طِيبٌ لِيَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَأَمْسَكَ عَلَى أَنْفِهِ بِثَوْبِهِ مِنْ رِيحِهِ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about perfumes, if using saltwort, which has a certain perfume and I wash my hands therewith while I am in the state of Ihram, is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘When you are about to assume the state of Ihram, look into your luggage and keep aside what you need.’ He (the Imam) sa

لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ بِيَدِ نَفْسِهِ.

“I once said to abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), that while in the state of Ihram, I ate Khabis (a certain sweet mix) until I was full. He (the Imam) said, ‘When you complete all of your acts and are about to leave, buy one dirham of dates and give it as charity. It will be expiation for whatever may have happened in your Ihram

مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ وَ الْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ تُؤْذِيكَ هَوَامُّكَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَأُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ- فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ بِهِ أَذىً مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ‌[2] فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَحْلِقَ وَ جَعَلَ الصِّيَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ الصَّدَقَةَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ مَسَاك

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, passed by Ka‘b ibn ‘Ujrah. Lice spread from his head and he was in the state of Ihram. He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Do your bugs annoy you?’ He replied, ‘Yes,

يَتَصَدَّقُ بِكَفٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ قَالَ ظُفُرَيْنِ قَالَ كَفَّيْنِ قُلْتُ ثَلَاثَةً قَالَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَكُفٍّ قُلْتُ أَرْبَعَةً قَالَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَكُفٍّ قُلْتُ خَمْسَةً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ يُهَرِيقُهُ فَإِنْ قَصَّ عَشَرَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا دَمٌ يُهَرِيقُهُ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram cuts his nails. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must give one handfuls (one meal) of food as charity, two handfuls of food for cutting two nails, three handful of food for cutting three nails, four handfuls of food for cutting four nails, and one animal to

إِذَا أُحْصِرَ الرَّجُلُ فَبَعَثَ بِهَدْيِهِ فَآذَاهُ رَأْسُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ هَدْيَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَذْبَحُ شَاةً فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي أُحْصِرَ فِيهِ أَوْ يَصُومُ أَوْ يَتَصَدَّقُ وَ الصَّوْمُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one becomes al-Mahsur (confined) and sends his offering then his head annoys him before the offering is slaughtered, he must slaughter a sheep wherever he is. Alternatively, he must fast or give charity. Fasting is three days and charity is to feed six destitute people each with a

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ نَعَامَةً أَوْ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى بَدَنَةٍ قَالَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ قَالَ فَلْيَصُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً وَ الصَّدَقَةُ مُدٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ بَقَرَةً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَقَرَةٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى بَقَ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and he kills an ostrich or a wild donkey. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay one badanah.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must feed sixty destitute people.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ بَيْضَ نَعَامَةٍ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ يُرْسِلُ الْفَحْلَ فِي الْإِبِلِ عَلَى عَدَدِ الْبَيْضِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْبَيْضَ يَفْسُدُ كُلُّهُ وَ يَصْلُحُ كُلُّهُ قَالَ مَا يُنْتَجُ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَهُوَ هَدْيٌ بَالِغُ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُنْتَجْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إِبِلًا فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ شَاةٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاك

about a man who is involved in hunting matters of the egg of ostrich while in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must send male camel on female camel equal to the number of eggs affected.’ I then said, ‘Eggs may all become spoiled or all of them may hatch.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever the product is, as offe

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ أَصَابَ طَيْرَيْنِ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ- وَ الْآخَرُ مِنْ حَمَامِ غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ قَالَ يَشْتَرِي بِقِيمَةِ الَّذِي مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ قَمْحاً[1] فَيُطْعِمُهُ حَمَامَ الْحَرَمِ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِجَزَاءِ الْآخَرِ[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has harmed two birds. One is of the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) and the other is from non-al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He must buy an amount of wheat which is of equal value to the pigeon of al-Haram and feed it to the pigeons of al-Hara

إِنْ قَتَلَ الْمُحْرِمُ حَمَامَةً فِي الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ وَ ثَمَنُ الْحَمَامَةِ دِرْهَمٌ أَوْ شِبْهُهُ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ أَوْ يُطْعِمُهُ حَمَامَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنْ قَتَلَهَا فِي الْحَرَمِ وَ لَيْسَ بِمُحْرِمٍ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills a pigeon in al-Haram (the sacred area), he owes one sheep as expiation. The cost of a pigeon is one dirham or so, which must be given as charity or to feed thereby the pigeons of Makkah. If one kills it in al-Haram (the sacred area) and is not in the

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ‌[3] شَيْئاً يَلْزَمُهُ مِنْهُ دَمٌ يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَهُ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَ قَالَ فِيمَا أَعْلَمُ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ وَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الدَّمُ وَ لَا يُهَرِيقُهُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ يُهَرِيقُهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ الشَّيْ‌ءَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who comes out of his al-Hajj owing to slaughter something; if it is sufficient to slaughter when he returns to his family. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes’, and he said as far as I know ‘he must pay it as charity.’ Ishaq has said, ‘I asked abu Ibrahim about a man who owes to sl