Expiation for Hunting Wild Animals in the State of al-’ Ihram

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ نَعَامَةً أَوْ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى بَدَنَةٍ قَالَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ قَالَ فَلْيَصُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً وَ الصَّدَقَةُ مُدٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ بَقَرَةً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَقَرَةٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى بَقَ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and he kills an ostrich or a wild donkey. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay one badanah.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must feed sixty destitute people.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?

إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ بَدَنَةً فَسَبْعُ شِيَاهٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ صَامَ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً.[2]

about a man who owes one badanah as obligatory ransom. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he cannot find one badanah, then it is seven sheep; and if he cannot afford then he must fast for eighteen days.’”

يُثَمِّنُ قِيمَةَ الْهَدْيِ طَعَاماً ثُمَّ يَصُومُ لِكُلِّ مُدٍّ يَوْماً فَإِذَا زَادَتِ الْأَمْدَادُ عَلَى شَهْرَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ‌[1].

“This is about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . or equivalent of it fasting.’ (5:95) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The offering animal is evaluated with food stuff, then for every mud (a certain measurement) he fasts one day. If the number of mud (a certain measurement) is above the number o

قُلْتُ لَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ يَقْتُلُ نَعَامَةً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ قُلْتُ يَقْتُلُ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ قُلْتُ فَالْبَقَرَةَ قَالَ بَقَرَةٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who kills an ostrich. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one badanah of camel.’ I then asked about wild donkey. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one badanah.’ I then asked about a cow. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one cow.’”

عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَةُ الْبَدَنَةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَةُ الْبَدَنَةِ أَقَلَّ مِنْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا قِيمَةُ الْبَدَنَةِ[2].

“About a man who in the state of Ihram kills an ostrich, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must pay one badanah; if he cannot afford then he must feed sixty destitute people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the value of badanah is more than feeding sixty destitute people, it is not obligatory to feed more than sixty; if it

إِنْ كَانَ الظَّبْيُ مَشَى عَلَيْهَا وَ رَعَى فَعَلَيْهِ رُبُعُ قِيمَتِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ ذَهَبَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مَا صَنَعَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ قَدْ هَلَكَ‌[3].

“About a man who hunts a deer, the arrow hits one of its front legs and it becomes lame. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the deer walks and grazes he must pay one-fourth of its value and if it goes away and no one knows what happened to it, he must pay the ransom because he does not know; perhaps it died.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ ثَعْلَباً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ قُلْتُ فَأَرْنَباً قَالَ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى الثَّعْلَبِ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who kills a fox. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one animal offering.’ I asked about his killing a rabbit. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is like what is for a fox.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ أَرْنَباً أَوْ ثَعْلَباً قَالَ فِي الْأَرْنَبِ شَاةٌ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and kills a rabbit or a fox. He (the Imam) said, ‘For a rabbit he owes one sheep.’”

الْيَرْبُوعُ وَ الْقُنْفُذُ وَ الضَّبُّ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ فَعَلَيْهِ جَدْيٌ وَ الْجَدْيُ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا كَيْ يَنْكُلَ عَنْ صَيْدِ غَيْرِهِ.

‘The expiation for killing a Jerboa, a hedgehog and lizard is one goat. The goat is better but it is made obligatory on him as penalty for hunting.’”

إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُحْرِمُ الصَّيْدَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُكَفِّرُ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ الَّذِي أَصَابَ فِيهِ الصَّيْدَ قُوِّمَ جَزَاؤُهُ مِنَ النَّعَمِ دَرَاهِمَ ثُمَّ قُوِّمَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ طَعَاماً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ صَامَ لِكُلِّ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ يَوْماً[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this rule about the following case of hunting. ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills an animal and does not find anything at that place for its expiation, he must evaluate a head of the cattle in terms of dirham. He then must evaluate dirham in terms of foodstuff. He must give half of a

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ بَيْضَ نَعَامَةٍ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ يُرْسِلُ الْفَحْلَ فِي الْإِبِلِ عَلَى عَدَدِ الْبَيْضِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْبَيْضَ يَفْسُدُ كُلُّهُ وَ يَصْلُحُ كُلُّهُ قَالَ مَا يُنْتَجُ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَهُوَ هَدْيٌ بَالِغُ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُنْتَجْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إِبِلًا فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ شَاةٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاك

about a man who is involved in hunting matters of the egg of ostrich while in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must send male camel on female camel equal to the number of eggs affected.’ I then said, ‘Eggs may all become spoiled or all of them may hatch.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever the product is, as offe

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى لِرَجُلٍ مُحْرِمٍ بَيْضَ نَعَامَةٍ فَأَكَلَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ قَالَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ لِلْمُحْرِمِ فِدَاءٌ وَ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ فِدَاءٌ قُلْتُ وَ مَا عَلَيْهِمَا قَالَ عَلَى الْمُحِلِّ جَزَاءُ قِيمَةِ الْبَيْضِ لِكُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ دِرْهَمٌ وَ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ الْجَزَاءُ لِكُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ شَاةٌ.[1] - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ ع

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.) about a man who buys ostrich eggs for someone who is in the state of Ihram and he (the man in the state of Ihram) eats it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one who bought it to the one in the state of Ihram owes ransom, and the one in the state of Ihram owes ransom.’ I then asked, ‘How much?‘ He

عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ وَ جَزَاءٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram, when passing by takes hold of a deer, draws her milk and drinks it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes an animal offering as penalty to offer in al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ كَسَرَ قَرْنَ ظَبْيٍ قَالَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَسَرَ يَدَهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَسَرَ يَدَهُ وَ لَمْ يَرْعَ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ[3].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram breaks the horn of a deer. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes a ransom.’ I then asked about his breaking one of its hand (front legs). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he breaks its hand and does not treat it to cure, he owes one sheep.’”