Fasting

هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ وَ إِنْ مَكَثَ حَتَّى الْعَصْرِ[1] ثُمَّ بَدَأَ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَوَى ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْ شَاءَ[2].

Hadith.1819 - Abu Basir asked Abu Abdullah (Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as)) about a person observing an optional fast who encounters a need to break it. Imam (as) said: "He has the choice until the time of Asr. If he waits until Asr and then decides to fast without having made the intention earlier, he may still

إِنَّ نُوحاً ع رَكِبَ السَّفِينَةَ- أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ فَأَمَرَ ع مَنْ مَعَهُ أَنْ يَصُومُوا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ قَالَ مَنْ صَامَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ تَبَاعَدَتْ عَنْهُ النَّارُ مَسِيرَةَ سَنَةٍ وَ مَنْ صَامَ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ أُغْلِقَتْ عَنْهُ أَبْوَابُ النِّيرَانِ السَّبْعَةُ وَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ‌ الثَّمَانِيَةُ وَ مَنْ صَامَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً أُعْطِيَ مَس

"Indeed, Noah (as) boarded the Ark on the first day of Rajab. He commanded those with him to fast on that day and said: 'Whoever fasts on that day, the Fire will be distanced from him by a journey of one year. Whoever fasts for seven days, the seven gates of Hell will be closed to him. Whoever fasts for eight days, the

رَجَبٌ نَهَرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَشَدُّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ فَمَنْ صَامَ يَوْماً مِنْ رَجَبٍ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ النَّهَرِ

رَجَبٌ شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ يُضَاعِفُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ يَمْحُو فِيهِ السَّيِّئَاتِ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْماً مِنْ رَجَبٍ تَبَاعَدَتْ عَنْهُ النَّارُ مَسِيرَةَ سَنَةٍ وَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ. وَ قَدْ أَخْرَجْتُ مَا رَوَيْتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي كِتَابِ فَضَائِلِ رَجَبٍ[1]

مَنْ صَامَ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ لَهُ طَهُوراً مِنْ كُلِّ زَلَّةٍ وَ وَصْمَةٍ وَ بَادِرَةٍ وَ قَالَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مَا الْوَصْمَةُ قَالَ الْيَمِينُ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ النَّذْرُ وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ قُلْتُ فَمَا الْبَادِرَةُ قَالَ الْيَمِينُ عِنْدَ الْغَضَبِ وَ التَّوْبَةُ مِنْهَا النَّدَمُ عَلَيْهَا[2].

"Whoever fasts during Sha‘ban, it will purify him from every slip, stain, and impulsive act." Abu Hamzah said: "I asked Abu Ja‘far (as): 'What is the stain (al-wasmah)?' Imam (as) said: 'An oath made for disobedience or a vow, for there is no vow in disobedience.' I asked: 'What is the impulsive act (al-badirah)?' Imam

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ صَامَ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ الْبَتَّةَ وَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ نَظَرَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا وَ دَاوَمَ نَظَرَهُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ- وَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ زَارَهُ اللَّهُ فِي عَرْشِهِ مِنْ جَنَّتِهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ.

"I heard Abu Abdullah (Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as)) say: 'Whoever fasts the first day of Sha‘ban, Paradise becomes absolutely obligatory for him. Whoever fasts two days, Allah (swt) looks at him every day and night in this world and continues His gaze upon him in Paradise. And whoever fasts three days, Allah

صَوْمُ شَهْرِ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةٌ وَ اللَّهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ[1]

«كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ يَصِلُهُمَا وَ يَنْهَى اَلنَّاسَ أَنْ يَصِلُوهُمَا وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ «هُمَا شَهْرُ اَللَّهِ وَ هُمَا كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا قَبْلَهُمَا وَ مَا بَعْدَهُمَا مِنَ اَلذُّنُوبِ» ».

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) would fast Sha‘ban and the Month of Ramadan together without separating them, but he would forbid people from joining them together. He used to say: ‘They are the months of Allah (swt), and they are an expiation for the sins committed before

مَا رَوَاهُ زُرْعَةُ عَنِ اَلْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَفْصِلُ مَا بَيْنَ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يَصِلُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ يَقُولُ «صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةٌ مِنَ اَللَّهِ» ».

"My father (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as)) would separate between Sha‘ban and Month of Ramadan by a day, while Ali ibn al-Husayn (as) would join them and say: ‘Fasting two consecutive months is repentance from Allah (swt).’”

شَعْبَانُ شَهْرِي.

Hadith.1828 - It is narrated that the wives of the Prophet (sw) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), if they had missed obligatory fasts, would delay making them up until Sha‘ban, disliking to prevent the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) from fulfilling his needs. W

مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ آخِرِ شَعْبَانَ وَ وَصَلَهَا بِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَوْمَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي لَيْلَةِ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ لِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ عَدَدِ شَعْرِ مِعْزَى كَلْبٍ‌[3] وَ يُنْزِلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَائِكَتَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ بِمَكَّةَ. وَ قَدْ أَخْرَجْتُ مَا رُوِّيتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي كِتَابِ فَضَائِلِ شَعْبَانَ‌[4].

"I said to Abu Ja‘far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as)): 'What do you say about the night of the middle of Sha‘ban?' Imam (as) said: 'On that night, Allah (swt), the Almighty, forgives more of His creation than the number of the hairs on the goats of the tribe of Kalb. On that night, Allah (swt), the Almighty, send

خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّاسَ فِي آخِرِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ‌ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرٌ[1] فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ وَ جَعَلَ قِيَامَ لَيْلَةٍ فِيهِ كَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ بِصَلَاةٍ سَبْعِينَ لَيْلَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ جَعَلَ لِمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) addressed the people on the last Friday of Sha‘ban. He praised Allah (swt) and glorified Him, then said: 'O people, indeed, a month is approaching you in which there is a night "better than a thousand months." It is the Month of Ramadan. All

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌[1] لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ ذَلِكَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ لِبِلَالٍ نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ قَدْ حَضَرَكُمْ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ الشُّهُورِ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ هِيَ‌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ تُغْلَقُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَ تُفَتَّحُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ

Hadith.1832 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "When the Month of Ramadan approached, three days before the end of Sha‘ban, He said to Bilal: 'Call the people.' He (sw) gathered the people, then ascended the pulpit, praised Allah (swt), and glorified Him, and then said

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى هِلَالِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ‌[4] وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ‌[5] وَ الْعَافِيَةِ الْمُجَلِّلَةِ[6] وَ الرِّزْقِ الْوَاسِعِ وَ دَفْعِ الْأَسْقَامِ وَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْعَوْنِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْنَا لِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَ

"Whenever the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) saw the crescent of the Month of Ramadan, he would face the Qiblah and say: 'O Allah (swt), let this crescent appear over us with security, faith, peace, and submission, along with encompassing wellness, ample sustenance, protection

بَعْدَ الثَّنَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّكُمْ سَأَلْتُمُونِي عَنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ وَ لَمْ أَطْوِهَا عَنْكُمْ لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ بِهَا عَالِماً[6] اعْلَمُوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ مَنْ وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ سَوِيٌّ فَصَامَ نَهَارَهُ وَ قَامَ وِرْداً مِنْ لَيْلِهِ‌[7] وَ وَاظَبَ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ- وَ هَجَرَ إِلَى جُمُعَتِهِ‌[1] وَ غَدَا إِلَى عِيدِهِ فَقَدْ أَ

Hadith.1834 - It is narrated by Zurara from Abu Ja‘far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as)): "When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) returned from Arafat and proceeded to Mina, he entered the mosque. People gathered around him, asking him about the Night of Qadr (Laylat al-Qadr). He stood to

فَازُوا وَ اللَّهِ بِجَوَائِزَ لَيْسَتْ كَجَوَائِزِ الْعِبَادِ

لِجَابِرٍ[2] يَا جَابِرُ مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ نَهَارَهُ وَ قَامَ وِرْداً مِنْ لَيْلِهِ وَ حَفِظَ فَرْجَهُ وَ لِسَانَهُ وَ غَضَّ بَصَرَهُ وَ كَفَّ أَذَاهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ كَيَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ قَالَ جَابِرٌ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ قَالَ مَا أَشَدَّ هَذَا مِنْ شَرْطٍ

وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كَفَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَدُوَّكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ وَ قَالَ‌ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ‌ وَ وَعَدَكُمُ الْإِجَابَةَ أَلَا وَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِكُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ سَبْعِينَ مِنْ مَلَائِكَتِهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمَحْلُولٍ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُكُمْ هَذَا

Hadith.1837 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "When the Month of Ramadan arrived, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) stood, praised Allah (swt), and glorified Him. Then He said: 'O people, Allah (swt) has sufficed you against your enemies from among

إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ وَ طُلَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ أَعْتَقَ فِيهَا مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِي جَمِيعِهِ‌[3].

"Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, has freed individuals from the Fire every night of the Month of Ramadan, except for those who break their fast with an intoxicant. On the last night of the month, He frees as many as He freed throughout the entire month."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ أَوْ مشاحن [مُشَاحِناً] أَوْ صَاحِبَ شَاهَيْنِ وَ هُوَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ‌[4].

Hadith.1839 - In the narration of Umar ibn Yazid: "Except for those who break their fast with an intoxicant, harbor enmity [Mushahinan], or are engaged with shahīn (which refers to chess)."

وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَطْلَقَ كُلَّ أَسِيرٍ وَ أَعْطَى كُلَّ سَائِلٍ‌[1].

Hadith.1840 - When the Month of Ramadan began, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) would free every captive and give to every petitioner.

مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَرَفَةَ[2].

"Whoever is not forgiven during the Month of Ramadan will not be forgiven until the following year, except if they witness the Day of Arafah."

وَ كَانَ الصَّادِقُ ع يُوصِي وُلْدَهُ وَ يَقُولُ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَجْهِدُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ تُقَسَّمُ الْأَرْزَاقُ وَ تُكْتَبُ الْآجَالُ وَ فِيهِ يُكْتَبُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَفِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ‌[3] وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ.

Hadith.1842 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) used to advise his children, saying: "When the Month of Ramadan begins, strive with all your effort, for in it sustenance is distributed, lifespans are decreed, and the delegation to Allah (swt) - those who journey toward Him, is recorded. In it is a night wherein dee

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ[4] شَهْرُ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ[5] فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ[6]

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ اَللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ اَلْأُمَمِ قَبْلَنَا» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَوْلُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «يٰا أَيُّهَا اَلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ اَلصِّيٰامُ كَمٰا كُتِبَ عَلَى اَلَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ» قَالَ «إِنَّمَا فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ صِيَامَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى اَلْأَنْبِيَاءِ دُونَ اَلْأُمَمِ فَفَضَّلَ

"I heard Abu Abdullah (Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as)) say: 'Indeed, Allah (swt) did not make the fasting of the Month of Ramadan obligatory upon any nation before us.' I said to him: 'Then what about the words of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed upon you as it was presc

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌[2] إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْهِلَالَ فَلَا تَبْرَحْ وَ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ وَ فَتْحَهُ وَ نُورَهُ وَ نَصْرَهُ وَ بَرَكَتَهُ وَ طَهُورَهُ وَ رِزْقَهُ وَ أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ مَا فِيهِ وَ خَيْرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِيهِ وَ شَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ اللَّهُمَّ أَدْخِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْ

Hadith.1845 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "When you see the crescent, do not leave without saying: 'O Allah (swt), I ask You for the good of this month, its opening, its light, its help, its blessings, its purification, and its sustenance. I ask You for the good of what is in it and the

وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا أَهَلَّ هِلاَلَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اِسْتَقْبَلَ اَلْقِبْلَةَ وَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَ قَالَ « اَللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ اَلْإِيمَانِ وَ اَلسَّلاَمَةِ وَ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ وَ اَلْعَافِيَةِ اَلْمُجَلِّلَةِ وَ اَلرِّزْقِ اَلْوَاسِعِ وَ دَفْعِ اَلْأَسْقَامِ اَللَّهُمَّ اُرْزُقْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ قِيَامَهُ وَ تِلاَوَةَ اَلْقُرْآنِ فِيهِ وَ سَلِّمْ

Hadith.1846 - When the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) saw the crescent of the Month of Ramadan, he would face the Qiblah, raise his hands, and say: "O Allah (swt), let this crescent appear over us with security, faith, peace, submission, encompassing wellness, abundant sustena

وَ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ أَيُّهَا الْخَلْقُ الْمُطِيعُ الدَّائِبُ السَّرِيعُ‌[1] الْمُتَرَدِّدُ فِي فَلَكِ التَّدْبِيرِ الْمُتَصَرِّفُ فِي مَنَازِلِ التَّقْدِيرِ[2] آمَنْتُ بِمَنْ نَوَّرَ بِكَ الظُّلَمَ وَ أَضَاءَ بِكَ الْبُهَمَ‌[3] وَ جَعَلَكَ آيَةً مِنْ آيَاتِ سُلْطَانِهِ‌[4] وَ امْتَهَنَكَ بِالزِّيَادَةِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ‌[5] وَ الطُّلُوعِ وَ الْأُفُولِ وَ الْإِنَارَةِ

Hadith.1847 - Among the sayings of Amir al-Mu'minin (as) upon sighting the crescent was: "O obedient creation, tireless, swift, revolving in the orbit of decreed management, moving through the stages of measured determination. I believe in the One who brightened the darkness with you, illuminated obscurities through yo

ادْعُ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسْتَقْبِلَ دُخُولِ السَّنَةِ[1] وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ مَنْ دَعَا بِهِ مُحْتَسِباً مُخْلِصاً لَمْ تُصِبْهُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ فِتْنَةٌ وَ لَا آفَةٌ فِي دِينِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ وَ بَدَنِهِ وَ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَا يَأْتِي بِهِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي دَانَ لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ[2] وَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ وَ بِع

"Recite this supplication in Month of Ramadan at the beginning of the year." He mentioned, "Whoever recites it sincerely and with intention will not face any tribulation or calamity in their religion, worldly affairs, or body during that year, and Allah (swt) will protect them from the harm of that year." The supplicat

وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَدْعُو بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ‌[6]- اللَّهُمَ‌ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الصِّيَامِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْإِنَابَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ التَّوْبَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْعِتْقِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ الْفَوْزِ بِالْجَنَّةِ اللَّهُمَّ فَسَلِّمْهُ لِي وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنِّي وَ أَعِنِّي عَلَي

Hadith.1849 - Imam Zain al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein (as) used to recite this supplication in the Month of Ramadan: "O Allah (swt), this is the Month of Ramadan, in which You revealed the Quran. This is the month of fasting, the month of turning back to You, the month of repentance, the month of forgiveness and mercy,

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ- اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْنَا وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْنَا فَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَ بَقِيَ الْأَجْرُ[4].

Hadith.1850 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family), when breaking his fast, would say: "O Allah (swt), for You we fasted, and upon Your sustenance we have broken our fast. So accept it from us. The thirst has gone, the veins are quenched, and the reward remains."

تَقُولُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عِنْدَ الْإِفْطَارِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنَا فَصُمْنَا وَ رَزَقَنَا فَأَفْطَرْنَا اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا وَ أَعِنَّا عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي قَضَى عَنَّا[5] يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

"You should say every night of the Month of Ramadan at the time of breaking the fast until its end: 'All praise belongs to Allah (swt), who helped us so we fasted, and provided for us so we broke our fast. O Allah (swt), accept it from us, assist us in it, and keep us safe in it. Accept it from us with ease and well-be

وَ قَالَ ع‌ يُسْتَجَابُ دُعَاءُ الصَّائِمِ عِنْدَ الْإِفْطَارِ.

Hadith.1852 - Imam (as) said: "The supplication of the fasting person is answered at the time of breaking the fast."

لَا يَضُرُّ الصَّائِمَ مَا صَنَعَ إِذَا اجْتَنَبَ أَرْبَعَ خِصَالٍ الطَّعَامَ وَ الشَّرَابَ وَ النِّسَاءَ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ[1].

"The fasting person is not harmed by what he does as long as he avoids four things: eating, drinking, women, and immersing himself in water."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنَّ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ ع يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ‌[2].

Hadith.1854 - In a narration from Mansur ibn Yunus, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (as): "Lying about Allah (swt) and about the Imams (as) invalidates the fast."

إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ وَ شَعْرُكَ وَ جِلْدُكَ وَ عَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ هَذَا وَ قَالَ لَا يَكُونُ يَوْمُ صَوْمِكَ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكَ.

Hadith.1855 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam (as) that Imam (as) said: "When you fast, let your hearing, your sight, your hair, and your skin also fast," and Imam mentioned other things besides these. Imam (as) also said: "The day of your fast should not be like the day when you are not fasting."

وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَرِهَ لِي سِتَّ خِصَالٍ وَ كَرِهْتُهُنَّ لِلْأَوْصِيَاءِ مِنْ وُلْدِي وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَحَدُهَا الرَّفَثُ فِي الصَّوْمِ‌[1].

Hadith.1856 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, has disliked six traits for me, and I have disliked them for the successors from among my progeny and their followers after me. One of them is indecency during fasting."

إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَحْدَهُ إِنَّ مَرْيَمَ قَالَتْ‌ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً أَيْ صَمْتاً فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَ غُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ لَا تَحَاسَدُوا وَ لَا تَنَازَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْحَسَدَ يَأْكُلُ الْإِيمَانَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ النَّارُ الْحَطَبَ.

Hadith.1857 - Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "Fasting is not limited to refraining from food and drink alone. Indeed, Maryam said, ‘I have vowed a fast to the Most Merciful’ (i.e., silence). So, guard your tongues, lower your gazes, do not envy one another, and do not quarre

وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌[3] عَلَيْكُمْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِكَثْرَةِ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَ الدُّعَاءِ فَأَمَّا الدُّعَاءُ فَيَدْفَعُ عَنْكُمُ الْبَلَاءَ[4] وَ أَمَّا الِاسْتِغْفَارُ فَتُمْحَى بِهِ ذُنُوبُكُمْ‌[5].

Hadith.1858 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "During the Month of Ramadan, engage abundantly in seeking forgiveness and supplication. As for supplication, it wards off affliction from you, and as for seeking forgiveness, it erases your sins."

لَا تُنْشِدِ الشِّعْرَ بِلَيْلٍ[6] وَ لَا تُنْشِدْهُ فِي شَهْرِ

وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌[2] مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ صَائِمٍ يُشْتَمُ فَيَقُولُ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ لَا أَشْتِمُكَ كَمَا تَشْتِمُنِي إِلَّا قَالَ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى اسْتَجَارَ عَبْدِي بِالصَّوْمِ مِنْ شَرِّ عَبْدِي قَدْ أَجَرْتُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ[3].

Hadith.1860 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "If a fasting servant is insulted and responds by saying, 'I am fasting; peace be upon you. I will not insult you as you have insulted me,' the Lord (azj), Blessed and Exalted, says: 'My servant has sought refuge through fasting from the evil of My serv

وَ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص امْرَأَةً تَسُبُّ جَارِيَةً لَهَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا كُلِي فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَكُونِينَ صَائِمَةً وَ قَدْ سَبَبْتِ جَارِيَتَكِ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ فَقَطْ[4].

Hadith.1861 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) heard a woman insulting her servant while she was fasting. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) called for food and said to her, "Eat." She replied: "I am fasting." He (sw) said: "How can you be fasting when you hav

إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ وَ الْقَبِيحِ وَ دَعِ الْمِرَاءَ وَ أَذَى الْخَادِمِ وَ لْيَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ وَقَارُ الصَّائِمِ وَ لَا تَجْعَلْ يَوْمَ صَوْمِكَ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكَ[5]. وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَحْتَجِمَ الصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ

إِنَّا إِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَحْتَجِمَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ احْتَجَمْنَا بِاللَّيْلِ.

"When we wish to perform cupping (hijamah) during the Month of Ramadan, we do it at night."

قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُهُ أَ يَحْتَجِمُ الصَّائِمُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَتَخَوَّفُ بِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا [ذَا] تَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ الْغَشْيَ أَنْ تَثُورَ بِهِ مِرَّةٌ[1] قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَوِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَخْشَ شَيْئاً قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شَاءَ.

Hadith.1864 - He said: "I asked him, 'Can a fasting person perform cupping (hijamah)?' Imam (as) replied: 'I fear for him what he might fear for himself.' I asked: 'What do you fear for him?' Imam (as) said: 'Fainting or the stirring of bile.' I asked: 'What if he is strong enough and does not fear anything?' Imam (as)

وَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَجِمَ اَلصَّائِمُ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ فَيُفْطِرَ.

Hadith.1865 - Amir al-Mu'minin (as) disliked that a fasting person perform cupping (hijamah) out of fear that he might faint and thus break his fast.

لَا. وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالْمَضْمَضَةِ وَ الِاسْتِنْشَاقِ لِلصَّائِمِ فَإِذَا تَمَضْمَضَ وَ اسْتَنْشَقَ فَلَا يَبْلَعْ رِيقَهُ‌

Hadith.1866 - Al-Ala narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far (as), that he was asked about regurgitation (qalas): "Does it invalidate the fast?" Imam (as) said: "No."

عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي وُضُوءٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.1867 - Sama'ah ibn Mihran asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who played with water by rinsing his mouth due to thirst, and it entered his throat. Imam (as) said: "He must make up his fast. However, if it was during ablution (wudu), there is no harm in it."

قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ‌ عَنِ الْقَيْ‌ءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْ‌ءٌ يَذْرَعُهُ‌[3] فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْ‌ءٌ يُكْرِهُ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسَهُ فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ[4].

Hadith.1868 - He said: I asked him about vomiting during the Month of Ramadan. Imam (as) said: "If it happens involuntarily, there is no harm. However, if he forces himself to vomit, then his fast is invalidated, and he must make it up."