لَيْسَ الْحُكْرَةُ[2] إِلَّا فِي الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ السَّمْنِ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Monopolization (Hoarding) of goods in public demand applies to wheat, barley, dates, raisins and cooking butter only.’”
نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَأَتَاهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ وَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ فَمُرْهُ يَبِيعُهُ النَّاسَ قَالَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا فُلَانُ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ الطَّعَامَ قَدْ نَفِدَ إِلَّا شَيْئاً عِنْدَكَ فَأَخْرِجْهُ وَ بِعْهُ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ وَ لَا تَحْبِسْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once during the times of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, a severe shortage of food took place and the Muslims came to the Messenger of Allah saying, “O Messenger of Allah, food supplies are exhauste
الْحُكْرَةُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ طَعَاماً لَيْسَ فِي الْمِصْرِ غَيْرُهُ فَيَحْتَكِرَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمِصْرِ طَعَامٌ أَوْ يُبَاعُ غَيْرُهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَلْتَمِسَ بِسِلْعَتِهِ الْفَضْلَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الزَّيْتِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَ غَيْرِكَ[1] فَلَا بَأْسَ بِإِمْسَاكِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Hoarding means buying such food supplies of a city beside which no other food supplies are available. If other food supplies are available in a city or someone else sells food, then it is permissible to buy food supplies and keep them hoarded to sell later with higher prices.’ He (the
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا عَمَلُكَ قُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ[2] وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ فَقَالَ يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What is your business?’ I replied, ‘It is selling wheat. At times business is good and sometimes it is not good so I hold selling.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What do people who visit you say about it?’ I replied, ‘They say, “He is a hoarder.’” He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does anyone e
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْتَكِرُ الطَّعَامَ وَ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ[3] فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ كَثِيراً يَسَعُ النَّاسَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ قَلِيلًا لَا يَسَعُ النَّاسَ فَإِنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَكِرَ الطَّعَامَ وَ يَتْرُكَ النَّاسَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who hoarded food supplies and waited for higher prices. Is it permissible?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If there is plenty of food available to people to buy, then there is no offense in it; but if there are food shortages and people are not able to
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْجَالِبُ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ الْمُحْتَكِرُ مَلْعُونٌ.
the Messenger of Allah has said, ’One who supplies the market receives his sustenance and a hoarder is condemned.’”
الْحُكْرَةُ فِي الْخِصْبِ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً وَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَ الْبَلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فِي الْخِصْبِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ وَ مَا زَادَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْعُسْرَةِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ[5].
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’At a time when food is abundantly available, keeping food for forty days is considered hoarding, but at the time of shortages of food holding back food supplies for three days is considered hoarding. After forty days at a time when food is abundant a hoarder is condemned and at the t
أَصَابَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ غَلَاءٌ وَ قَحْطٌ حَتَّى أَقْبَلَ الرَّجُلُ الْمُوسِرُ يَخْلِطُ الْحِنْطَةَ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَ يَأْكُلُهُ وَ يَشْتَرِي بِبَعْضِ الطَّعَامِ وَ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع طَعَامٌ جَيِّدٌ قَدِ اشْتَرَاهُ أَوَّلَ السَّنَةِ فَقَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَوَالِيهِ اشْتَرِ لَنَا شَعِيراً فَاخْلِطْ بِهَذَا الطَّعَامِ أَوْ بِعْهُ فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نَأْكُلَ جَيِّداً وَ يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ رَدِيّاً[1].
“Once shortages of food took place in al-Madinah and even affluent people would mix wheat and barley for food and buy only a small amount of food. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), had a good quality of food which he had purchased earlier in the beginning of the year. He (the Imam) then asked one of his agents to buy a certain a
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ قَدْ تَزَيَّدَ السِّعْرُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ كَمْ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ طَعَامٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ عِنْدَنَا مَا يَكْفِيكَ أَشْهُراً كَثِيرَةً قَالَ أَخْرِجْهُ وَ بِعْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ طَعَامٌ قَالَ بِعْهُ فَلَمَّا بِعْتُهُ قَالَ اشْتَرِ مَعَ النَّاسِ يَوْماً بِيَوْمٍ وَ قَالَ يَا مُعَتِّبُ اجْعَلْ قُوتَ عِيَالِي نِصْفاً شَعِيراً وَ نِصْفاً حِنْطَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once, when food prices were rising, asked me, ‘How much food do we have?’ I (the narrator) replied, ‘There is enough food for several months.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Take it out to sell.’ I (the narrator) I said, ‘There is not enough food in al-Madinah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must sell it.’ Whe
كَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع يَأْمُرُنَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتِ الثَّمَرَةُ أَنْ نُخْرِجَهَا فَنَبِيعَهَا وَ نَشْتَرِيَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْماً بِيَوْمٍ.
“Abu al-Hassan ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would command, at the time of harvest of fruit, to take them out and sell and then buy every day as Muslim people do.”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ شِرَاءُ الْحِنْطَةِ يَنْفِي الْفَقْرَ وَ شِرَاءُ الدَّقِيقِ يُنْشِئُ الْفَقْرَ وَ شِرَاءُ الْخُبْزِ مَحْقٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَبْقَاكَ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى شِرَاءِ الْحِنْطَةِ قَالَ ذَاكَ لِمَنْ يَقْدِرُ وَ لَا يَفْعَلُ.
’Buying wheat removes poverty but buying flour brings poverty and buying bread is destruction.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘I pray to Allah to grant you long life, what about one who is not able to buy wheat?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’That is for one who is capable but does not do so.’”
إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَكَ دِرْهَمٌ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ الْحِنْطَةَ فَإِنَّ الْمَحْقَ فِي الدَّقِيقِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you have one dirham buy wheat with it; buying flour is destruction.’”
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا أَبَا الصَّبَّاحِ شِرَاءُ الدَّقِيقِ ذُلٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْحِنْطَةِ عِزٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْخُبْزِ فَقْرٌ فَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ‘O abu al-Sabbah, buying flour is humiliation, buying wheat is honor and buying bread is poverty; we seek protection with Allah against poverty.’”
شَكَا قَوْمٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص سُرْعَةَ نَفَادِ طَعَامِهِمْ فَقَالَ تَكِيلُونَ أَوْ تَهِيلُونَ قَالُوا نَهِيلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الْجِزَافَ قَالَ كِيلُوا وَ لَا تَهِيلُوا فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِلْبَرَكَةِ[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A people complained before the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, against quick depletion of their food supplies. He (the Holy Prophet), asked, ’Do you measure or just dump?’ They replied, ’We just dump, O Messe
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كِيلُوا طَعَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي الطَّعَامِ الْمَكِيلِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Measure your food; blessings come with measured food.’”
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا أَبَا سَيَّارٍ إِذَا أَرَادَتِ الْخَادِمَةُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ الطَّعَامَ فَمُرْهَا فَلْتَكِلْهُ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِيمَا كِيلَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ‘O abu Sayyar, when the female servant prepares food, ask her to measure; blessings come with measurement.’”
شَكَا رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص الْحُرْفَةَ[1] فَقَالَ انْظُرْ بُيُوعاً فَاشْتَرِهَا ثُمَّ بِعْهَا فَمَا رَبِحْتَ فِيهِ فَالْزَمْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man once complained before the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, against his deprivation. He (the Holy Prophet) said, ‘Consider selling. You must buy then sell. In whatever merchandise you find profit,
إِذَا نَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي تِجَارَةٍ فَلَمْ يَرَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً فَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one starts a certain business, if he does not find any profit in it, he then must change it for another kind of business.’”
إِذَا رُزِقْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ فَالْزَمْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When you (in a business) find sustenance in a certain item then you must continue with it.”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَتَلَقَّى أَحَدُكُمْ تِجَارَةً خَارِجاً مِنَ الْمِصْرِ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ[2].
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers. One must not buy for the ones who are not present. Allah grants su
قَالَ: لَا تَلَقَّ وَ لَا تَشْتَرِ مَا تُلُقِّيَ وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ[3].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers, you must not buy from those you meet in this way and you must not eat from items purchased in this way.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا حَدُّ التَّلَقِّي قَالَ رَوْحَةٌ[4].
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), ‘What is the limit of going out to meet a caravan of suppliers?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is a distance of one Rawhah (four Farasikh which is equal to six miles)”’
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا تَلَقَّ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ التَّلَقِّي قُلْتُ وَ مَا حَدُّ التَّلَقِّي قَالَ مَا دُونَ غَدْوَةٍ أَوْ رَوْحَةٍ قُلْتُ وَ كَمِ الْغَدْوَةُ وَ الرَّوْحَةُ قَالَ أَرْبَعُ فَرَاسِخَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ بِتَلَقٍّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers; the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited it.’ I then asked, ‘What are its limits?’ He (the Imam) replied,
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطاً مُخَالِفاً لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ فِيمَا وَافَقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
‘If one forms a stipulation against the book of Allah, it is not permissible for him as well for the other party. However, the Muslims must stand by their stipulations which agree with the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. 5 ”
الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي اشْتَرَطَ أَمْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فَإِنْ أَحْدَثَ الْمُشْتَرِي فِيمَا اشْتَرَى حَدَثاً قَبْلَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ فَذَلِكَ رِضًا مِنْهُ فَلَا شَرْطَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا الْحَدَثُ قَالَ أَنْ لَامَسَ أَوْ قَبَّلَ أَوْ نَظَرَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَا كَانَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ الشِّرَاءِ[1].
2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Ali ibn Ri’ab who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A stipulation, the right and choice to return a merchandise, in the case of an animal is applicable only up to three days in favor of the buyer, regardless he has formed any stipulation or not. If the buyer Ahda
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الدَّابَّةَ أَوِ الْعَبْدَ وَ يَشْتَرِطُ إِلَى يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَيَمُوتُ الْعَبْدُ أَوِ الدَّابَّةُ أَوْ يَحْدُثُ فِيهِ حَدَثٌ عَلَى مَنْ ضَمَانُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ الشَّرْطُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ يَصِيرَ الْمَبِيعُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي[1].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who buys an animal or a slave and sets condition good for one or two days; then the slave or animal dies or Ahdatha (does something to it). Who then is responsible for this ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is on the seller until the time of stipula
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ.
“The buyer and the seller each has the choice to dismiss a contract before they depart each other. In a deal for animals it is for three days . 55 5 I then asked, ‘What happens if a man buys something from another man and leaves it with the seller to keep until his return with the purchase price ? 5 He (the Imam) said,
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Both buyer and seller, each one of them, has the choice to dismiss a deal before they depart each other; and in a deal for an animal the choice to retur
قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي قُلْتُ فَمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَيَوَانِ قَالَ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا فَلَا خِيَارَ بَعْدَ الرِّضَا مِنْهُمَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘What is a stipulation in a deal for animals ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is valid for three days in favor of a buyer . 5 I then asked, ‘What is it in a deal for non-animal ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘A buyer and a seller have the choice to dismiss a deal
قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْعاً فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَبِي اشْتَرَى أَرْضاً يُقَالُ لَهَا الْعُرَيْضُ فَابْتَاعَهَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا بِدَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أُعْطِيكَ وَرِقاً بِكُلِّ دِينَارٍ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَبَاعَهُ بِهَا فَقَامَ أَبِي فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ قُمْتَ سَرِيعاً قَا
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man buys something from another man, he has the choice to dismiss the deal before they depart each other. When they depart the deal becomes binding.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ‘My father once purchased a piece of land called “al-‘Arid”. He pu
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ بَايَعْتُ رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا بَايَعْتُهُ قُمْتُ فَمَشَيْتُ خِطَاءً ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى مَجْلِسِي لِيَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ حِينَ افْتَرَقْنَا.
“I heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘I once purchased something from someone; then I got up and walked a few steps, then returned to the meeting place so that the deal becomes binding.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى أَمَةً بِشَرْطٍ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَمَاتَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَ قَدْ قَطَعَ الثَّمَنَ عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ الضَّمَانُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَى ضَمَانٌ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ بِشَرْطِهِ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who purchases a slave-girl from another man with a stipulation for one or two days and she dies with him and the price is paid. Who is responsible?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘There is no responsibility on the buyer until the time of stipulation exp
سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ احْتَاجَ إِلَى بَيْعِ دَارِهِ فَمَشَى إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِيعُكَ دَارِي هَذِهِ وَ تَكُونُ لَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِغَيْرِكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ لِي إِنْ أَنَا جِئْتُكَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِيهَا غ
‘A man asked the Imam (a.s.), when I was present. A Muslim man needed to sell his house and he went to his brother and said. “I want to sell this house to you because I like it to be with you instead of being with others, with one condition that if within a year I come back with money to pay you, return it back to me.’
قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ يَقُولُ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ[3].
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who purchases something from a man and leaves it with him saying, ‘I will come back with payment.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he comes back with payment within three days the transaction is valid, otherwise, it is not valid.’”
آتِيكَ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَسُرِقَ الْمَتَاعُ مِنْ مَالِ مَنْ يَكُونُ قَالَ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى يُقَبِّضَ الْمَتَاعَ وَ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَإِذَا أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَالْمُبْتَاعُ ضَامِنٌ لِحَقِّهِ حَتَّى يَرُدَّ مَالَهُ إِلَيْهِ[1].
It is the property of the seller until the buyer takes possession and it is taken away from the seller’s house. When this happens the buyer is responsible until he returns it back to the seller.’”
عُهْدَةُ الْبَيْعِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ إِنْ كَانَ بِهَا خَبَلٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ أَوْ نَحْوُ هَذَا وَ عُهْدَتُهُ السَّنَةُ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ فَمَا بَعْدَ السَّنَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ[2].
‘In the case of slaves the deal becomes binding after three days. If slaves may have certain defects such as mental condition, leprosy and so on. It becomes binding after one year if the defect is insanity. After one year the choice does not remain of any effect.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّا نُخَالِطُ أُنَاساً مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ فَنَبِيعُهُمْ وَ نَرْبَحُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَشَرَةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ وَ الْعَشَرَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَ نُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ السَّنَةَ وَ نَحْوَهَا وَ يَكْتُبُ لَنَا الرَّجُلُ عَلَى دَارِهِ أَوْ أَرْضِهِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْفَضْلُ الَّذِي أَخَذَ مِنَّا شِرَاءً وَ قَدْ بَاعَ وَ قَبَضَ الثّ
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘We meet people who live in tents far from cities and others. We sell to them certain things and make profit like ten, twelve or thirteen and for a payment after a year and so on. The buyer writes for us to leave his house or land if he did not come with payment. He has taken poss
إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّيْلِ بِالثَّمَنِ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ.
“About the case of a man who buys something which is perishable the same day and leaves it with the seller to bring payment, abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘If he brings payment from that time until night falls the transaction is valid, otherwise, he has no deal.’”
اشْتَرَيْتُ مَحْمِلًا فَأَعْطَيْتُ بَعْضَ ثَمَنِهِ وَ تَرَكْتُهُ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ احْتُبِسْتُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ جِئْتُ إِلَى بَائِعِ الْمَحْمِلِ لآِخُذَهُ فَقَالَ قَدْ بِعْتُهُ فَضَحِكْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُكَ أَوْ أُقَاضِيَكَ فَقَالَ لِي تَرْضَى بِأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقَصَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ قِصَّتَنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بَي
“I once purchased a carriage and paid a certain amount of the price, then left it with the seller. I remained engaged for several days then went to the seller to take possession. He said, ‘I have sold it.’ I laughed and said, ‘By Allah, I will not allow you to do this without asking for a judgment.’ He said, ‘Will you
لِيُشْهِدْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَضِيَهُ فَاسْتَوْجَبَهُ ثُمَّ لْيَبِعْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَإِنْ أَقَامَهُ فِي السُّوقِ وَ لَمْ يَبِعْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ.
The buyer was offered profit and he wanted to sell. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must present testimony to prove that the seller agreed and the deal was binding, then he can sell it if he so wants. If he displays it in the market without selling, it makes the transaction binding.’”
إِنْ كَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ يَشْرَبُ لَبَنَهَا رَدَّ مَعَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَمْدَادٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا لَبَنٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ[2]. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مِثْلَهُ.
“This is about the case of a man who had purchased a sheep and had kept it for three days; then returned it, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If during those three days he had consumed its milk he returns it with three handful of food. If the sheep did not have any milk he then does not owe anything.”’ Ali ibn Ibrahim
الْمُشْتَرِي هُوَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا بِأَقَلِّ مَا قَالَ الْبَائِعُ قَالَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ الْبَائِعِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْءُ قَائِماً بِعَيْنِهِ[1].
The words of the seller are accepted on oath if the merchandise still exists.”’
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا التَّاجِرَانِ صَدَقَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فَإِذَا كَذَبَا وَ خَانَا لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَا فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ رَبِّ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ يَتَتَارَكَا[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the two business people speak the truth the transaction is a blessing for them; but if they speak lies and cheat, it does not become a blessing for them. They have the choice to keep or dismiss the transaction as long as they you must not depart each other. After they depart the wo
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّطْبَةِ تُبَاعُ قِطْعَةً أَوْ قِطْعَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَ قِطَعَاتٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَ أَكْثَرْتُ السُّؤَالَ عَنْ أَشْبَاهِ هَذِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ اسْتِحْيَاءً مِنْ كَثْرَةِ مَا سَأَلْتُهُ وَ قَوْلِهِ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّ مَنْ يَلِينَا يُفْسِدُونَ عَلَيْنَا هَذَا كُلَّهُ فَقَالَ أَظُنُّهُمْ سَمِعُوا حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص
“I once asked abu Ja’far. ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Ratbah (a grass, cattle feed) which is sold in the form of one, two or three crops. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I asked many such questions and every time he (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. 5 I then said, ‘May Allah keep you well’ -
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ شِرَاءِ النَّخْلِ وَ الْكَرْمِ وَ الثِّمَارِ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَقُولُ إِنْ لَمْ يُخْرِجْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَخْرَجَ فِي قَابِلٍ وَ إِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ فِي سَنَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلَا تَشْتَرِهِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ فَإِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الثَّمَرَةَ الْمُسَمَّاةَ مِن
“Someone once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about buying dates, grapes and fruits of three or four years. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. He (the buyer) can say, “If fruits will not grow this year they will do so next year.” If you buy the fruits of one year only then you must not do so until they are ri
سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع هَلْ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُ النَّخْلِ إِذَا حَمَلَ فَقَالَ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهُ حَتَّى يَزْهُوَ فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا الزَّهْوُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ يَحْمَرُّ وَ يَصْفَرُّ وَ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ.
‘It is permissible when they Yazhu.’ I then asked, ‘What is Yazhu?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is when they turn red, yellow and so on.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي نَخْلًا بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَأَبِيعُهُ وَ أُسَمِّي الثَّمَنَ وَ أَسْتَثْنِي الْكُرَّ مِنَ التَّمْرِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ أَوِ الْعِذْقَ مِنَ النَّخْلِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ بَيْعُ السَّنَتَيْنِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ ذَا عِنْدَنَا عَظِيمٌ قَالَ أَمَّا إِنَّكَ إِنْ قُلْتَ ذَاكَ لَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَحَلَّ ذَلِكَ فَتَظَالَمُوا فَقَالَ ع
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I have palm tree fruits in Basrah. I sell them for a certain price excluding one Kur (a certain measurement) of the dates or more or the cluster of dates.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, wh
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا كَانَ الْحَائِطُ فِيهِ ثِمَارٌ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ فَأَدْرَكَ بَعْضُهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهَا جَمِيعاً.
‘If inside the walls there are different fruits and certain kinds are ripe, then there is no offense in buying all of it.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَرْضِ بَيْعٌ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ[1] قَدْ أَدْرَكَتْ فَبَيْعُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ حَلَالٌ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) about selling fruits. ‘Is it permissible to buy fruits before they are formed?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If in that area such deals are made and they are profitable which is achieved then there is no offense in such transaction.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ شِرَاؤُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ طَلْعُهَا فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مَعَهَا شَيْئاً غَيْرَهَا رَطْبَةً أَوْ بَقْلًا فَيَقُولَ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ هَذِهِ الرُّطْبَةَ وَ هَذَا النَّخْلَ وَ هَذَا الشَّجَرَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجِ الثَّمَرَةُ كَانَ رَأْسُ مَالِ الْمُشْتَرِي فِي الرُّطْبَةِ وَ الْبَقْلِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ ش
“I once asked him (the Imam) about selling fruits. ‘Is it permissible to buy fruits before they are formed?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, it is not permissible unless something else alongside is also purchased, like animal feed or vegetables when the buyer says, ‘I buy this much animal feed and dates from you and this t