The Book of Talaq (Divorces)

فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ عِدَّتَيْنِ فَحَمَلَهَا زُرَارَةُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.

“About the case of a woman who receives news of the death of her husband, then she marries; then her first husband comes who divorces her and also the second husband divorces. Ibrahim al-Nakha‘iy has said that she must count two waiting periods. Zurarah then took the question to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), who said that she has

سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ خَصِيٍّ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ فَرَضَ لَهَا صَدَاقاً وَ هِيَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَصِيٌّ فَقَالَ جَائِزٌ فَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ مَكَثَ مَعَهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا هَلْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ لَذَّ مِنْهَا وَ لَذَّتْ مِنْهُ قِيلَ لَهُ فَهَلْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا فِيمَا كَانَ يَكُونُ مِنْهُ وَ مِنْهَا غُسْلٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَمْنَت

“Once abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a castrated man who marries a woman, assigns mahr (dower) for her and she knows that he is castrated. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ It then was said that he lives with her as long as Allah wills, then divorces her; if she has any waiting period. He (the Im

سُئِلَ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يَكُونُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ وَ قَدْ أُصِيبَ فِي عَقْلِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَزَوَّجَهَا أَوْ عَرَضَ لَهُ جُنُونٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَنْ تَنْزِعَ نَفْسَهَا مِنْهُ إِنْ شَاءَتْ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “Once, abu Ibrahim (a.s.), was asked about the case of a woman whose husband becomes mentally ill after marriage or becomes insane. He (the Imam) said, ‘If she wants to pull herself away

إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولُ إِنَّ فُلَاناً زَوْجِي قَدْ نَثَرْتُ لَهُ بَطْنِي‌[1] وَ أَعَنْتُهُ عَلَى دُنْيَاهُ وَ آخِرَتِهِ فَلَمْ يَرَ مِنِّي مَكْرُوهاً وَ أَنَا أَشْكُوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ مِمَّا تَشْتَكِينَهُ قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لِيَ الْيَوْمَ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَ ق

“Abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has stated this Hadith. ‘Once a Muslim woman came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, “O Messenger (of Allah) so and so married me. I gave birth to many children

لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ الطَّلَاقُ وَ لَا ظِهَارَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدُ بِهِ الظِّهَارُ[3].

’Divorce is not a divorce unless it is intended to be a divorce, and Zihar is not Zihar unless it is intended to be so.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الظِّهَارِ فَقَالَ هُوَ مِنْ كُلِّ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ أُمٍّ أَوْ أُخْتٍ أَوْ عَمَّةٍ أَوْ خَالَةٍ وَ لَا يَكُونُ الظِّهَارُ فِي يَمِينٍ قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ قَالَ يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ هِيَ طَاهِرٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ مِثْلُ ظَهْرِ أُمِّي أَوْ أُخْتِي وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ الظِّهَارَ.

‘You are unlawful to me like the back of my mother or sister’, and he thereby intends al-Zihar.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنِّي قُلْتُ لِامْرَأَتِي أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ خَرَجْتِ مِنْ بَابِ الْحُجْرَةِ فَخَرَجَتْ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي قَوِيٌّ عَلَى أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ قُلْتُ إِنِّي قَوِيٌّ عَلَى أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ رَقَبَةً وَ رَقَبَتَيْنِ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَوِيتَ أَوْ لَمْ تَقْوَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about my saying to my wife, ‘You are like the back of my mother if you went out of the room’ and she went out of the room. He (the Imam) said, ‘There it does not have any valid effect on you.’ I then said, ‘I am strong to expiate.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You do not owe anything because

لَا يَكُونُ الظِّهَارُ إِلَّا عَلَى مِثْلِ مَوْضِعِ الطَّلَاقِ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar can take place only in the environment of divorce.’”

تَزَوَّجَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ ابْنَةَ بُكَيْرٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي أُدْخِلَ بِهَا عَلَيْهِ قُلْنَ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ أَنْتَ لَا تُبَالِي الطَّلَاقَ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ لَيْسَ نُدْخِلُهَا عَلَيْكَ حَتَّى تُظَاهِرَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِكَ قَالَ فَفَعَلَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ- لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَبَهُنَ‌[2].

“Hamzah ibn Humran married the daughter of Bukayr. In the night that she was to be brought to him women said to him that divorce does not matter to you much and it is not important for you. ‘We will not bring her (the bride) to you until you form al-Zihar about the mothers of your children.’ He (the narrator) has said

تَزَوَّجَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ ابْنَةَ بُكَيْرٍ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ لَسْنَا نُدْخِلُهَا عَلَيْكَ حَتَّى تَحْلِفَ لَنَا وَ لَسْنَا نَرْضَى أَنْ تَحْلِفَ بِالْعِتْقِ لِأَنَّكَ لَا تَرَاهُ شَيْئاً وَ لَكِنِ احْلِفْ لَنَا بِالظِّهَارِ وَ ظَاهِرْ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِكَ وَ جَوَارِيكَ فَظَاهَرَ مِنْهُنَّ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْ‌

“Hamzah ibn Humran married daughter of Bukayr. In the night that she was to be brought to him women said to him, ‘We would not bring her to you until you swear. We will not agree to your swearing about setting free slaves because you do not consider it anything important; but you must swear about al-Zihar and form al-Z

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيَشُكُّ فِيهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَيَقُولُ إِنْ أَعَدْتُ الصَّلَاةَ أَوْ أَعَدْتُ الْوُضُوءَ فَامْرَأَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ وَ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِالطَّلَاقِ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِنْ‌ خُطُواتِ الشَّيْطانِ* لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

‘If I repeat my Salat (prayer) or wudu (because of doubts), then my wife will be like the back of my mother and swears for it about divorce.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is of the misdeeds of Satan. He does not owe anything because of it.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَصُمْ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ قَالَ لَا أَقْوَى قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَا أَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْكَ فَأَعْطَاهُ تَمْراً لِإِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَا

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that once a man came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have formed al-Zihar with my wife’. He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Go and set free a slave.’ H

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ عَمَّتِهِ أَوْ خَالَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ الظِّهَارُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْنَاهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ مَتَى يَقَعُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ صَامَ بَعْضاً فَمَرِضَ فَأَفْ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that a man says to his wife that she is like the back of his paternal or maternal aunt. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is al-Zihar.’ He (the narrator) has said that we asked him (the Imam) about al-Zihar and about when expiation becomes due on such man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when he

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلُ يُظَاهِرُ مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ فَقَالَ الْحُرَّةُ وَ الْأَمَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءٌ.

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms al-Zihar about his slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘Free and slaves are the same in al-Zihar.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَكَانَ كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ الْأَمَةِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قِيلَ فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ يَنْتَ

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who forms al-Zihar about his wife five times or more. He (the Imam) said, Tor every time there is expiation.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I asked him (the Imam) about a man who forms al- Zihar about his wife,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَ عَلَيْهِ ظِهَارٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا عِتْقٍ.

‘He owes one-half of what becomes due on free people. He owes only to fast one month and setting free of slaves does not apply to him as well as charity.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ يُكَفِّرُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ وَاقَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ قَالَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ يُمْسِكُ حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms al-Zihar about his wife three times. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay expiation three times.’ I then asked about if he goes to bed with her before paying expiation. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must ask forgiveness from Allah and abstain until he pays ex

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَ عَلَيْهِ ظِهَارٌ فَقَالَ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ صَدَقَةٌ وَ لَا عِتْقٌ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a slave if there is expiation for al-Zihar on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one-half of what is due on a free person of fasting, and setting free of slaves as expiation does not apply in his case as well as paying charity.’”

فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَشْرُ جَوَارٍ فَظَاهَرَ مِنْهُنَّ كُلَّهُنَّ جَمِيعاً بِكَلَامٍ وَاحِدٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرُ كَفَّارَاتٍ.

“About the case of a man who had ten slave-girls and formed al-Zihar about all of them by one statement, abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said that he must pay ten expiations.’”

إِذَا وَاقَعَ الْمَرَّةَ الثَّانِيَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ أُخْرَى قَالَ لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا اخْتِلَافٌ.

‘If one goes to bed with the woman for the second time before paying expiation he must pay another expiation’ He (the narrator) has said that there is no differences in this issue.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُخْتِي أَوْ عَمَّتِي أَوْ خَالَتِي قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَحَرَامٌ.

‘You are like the back of my sister, maternal or paternal aunt.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah has mentioned the mothers, this certainly is unlawful. ’”

كَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ مَوَالِيكَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ بِالظِّهَارِ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ حَنِثَ أَوْ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ وَ يَقُولُ حِنْثُهُ كَلَامُهُ بِالظِّهَارِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ عُقُوبَةً لِكَلَامٍ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْكَفَّارَةَ لَا تَلْزَمُهُ حَتَّى يَحْنَثَ فِي الشَّيْ‌ءِ الَّذِي ح

“‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad once wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, certain ones of your followers think that if a man speaks the statement of al-Zihar, then expiation becomes due, violating the swearing or not. They say that its sinfulness and violation is i

سَأَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ فَقَالَ يُكَفِّرُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ كَفَّارَةً وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ جَارِيَتِهِ مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا كَفَّارَةٌ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً.

“Once, al-Husayn ibn Mehran asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man who formed al-Zihar about four women. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes expiation for each one.’ He asked him (the Imam) about a man who formed al-Zihar about his wife and his slave-girl and what must he pay. He (the Imam) said, ‘For each one he mu

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُمْلَكٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقَالَ لِي لَا يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ وَ لَا إِيلَاءٌ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a Mumlak (a man owned as offspring of slaves) who expresses al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) about his wife. He (the Imam) said to me, ‘It is not al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) or swearing before going to bed with her.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ قَالَ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ الرَّقَبَةُ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ صَبِيٌّ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ.

‘The expiation for it is setting free of a slave or fasting for two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people. For freeing a slave, a child born in Islam is sufficient.’”

الْمُظَاهِرُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ. قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ مِنْ مِلْكِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ يَرُدَّ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ يَوْماً فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ.

23. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil an ibn Bukayr and Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one who has expressed al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) about his wife, divorces her then expiation cancels out a

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَقَالَ كَيْفَ قُلْتَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ فَعَلْتِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ لَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْكَ وَ لَا تَعُدْ.

‘You are like the back of my mother to me if you did so and so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect but you must not repeat it again.’”

الظِّهَارُ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَى الْغَضَبِ.

“Al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) does not take place upon anger (if expressed because of anger).”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ الْوَاجِبِ قَالَ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ الظِّهَارَ بِعَيْنِهِ.

‘It is exactly that whereby a man wants al- Zihar.’”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ إِذَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجِي عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَوَاقَعْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ وَ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَمَّا ظَاهَرْتُ رَأَيْتُ بَرِيقَ خَلْخَالِهَا وَ بَيَاضَ سَاقِهَا فِي الْقَمَرِ فَوَاق

When a woman says, “My husband is unlawful like the back of my mother” expiation does not become due on her thereby.’ He (the Imam) said that once a man from al- Ansar (people of al-Madinah) from Banu al-Najjar came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their servic

سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعَاوِدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ قِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ رَاجَعَهَا قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا طَلَّقَهَا لِإِسْقَاطِ الْكَفَّارَةِ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَهَا فَالْكَفَّارَةُ لَازِمَةٌ لَهُ أَبَداً إِذَا عَاوَدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِي شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ.

“About the case of a man who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife then divorces her, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Expiation does not apply to his case when he divorces before going to bed with her.’ It was then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has divorced her

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِي ثُمَّ وَاقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ كَفَّرْتُ فَقَالَ هَكَذَا يَصْنَعُ الرَّجُلُ الْفَقِيهُ إِذَا وَاقَعَ كَفَّرَ.

“I once said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘I have expressed the statement of al-Zihar about the mother of my children, then went to bed with her, then paid the expiation. He (the Imam) said, ‘This is how a faqih (scholar of law) man does; when he goes to bed he pays expiation.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ ظَاهَرَ ثُمَّ وَاقَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ لِي أَ وَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا يَفْعَلُ الْفَقِيهُ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife, then goes to bed with her before paying expiation. He (the Imam) said, ’Is it not the way a faqih (scholar of law) man does? 5 ”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُظَاهِرُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ قَالَ فَلْيُكَفِّرْ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ وَاقَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ قَالَ أَتَى حَدّاً مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَ لْيَكُفَّ حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who expressed the statement of al-Zihar about his wife. He (the Imam) said, ’He must pay expiation.’ I then said, ‘He has gone to bed with her before paying the expiation.’ He (the Imam) said, ’He has come across a law of laws of Allah, most Majestic, most Gl

الظِّهَارُ ضَرْبَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قَبْلَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ وَ الْآخَرُ بَعْدَهَا فَالَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ قَبْلَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ الَّذِي يَقُولُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَ لَا يَقُولُ إِنْ فَعَلْتُ بِكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ بَعْدَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ قَرِبْتُكِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar is of two kinds. One kind is that because of which expiation becomes obligatory before going to bed with her, and the other kind is that for which expiation becomes obligatory after going to bed with her. The first kind is that in which one says, ‘For me you are like the back

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ بِالظِّهَارِ فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْهُ الظِّهَارُ فِي غَيْرِ يَمِينٍ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ بَعْدَ مَا يُوَاقِعُ. قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَ لَيْسَ يَصِحُّ هَذَا عَلَى جِهَةِ النَّظَرِ وَ الْأَثَرِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْأَثَرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ الظِّهَارَ لِأَنَ‌ - أَصْحَابَنَا رَوَوْا أَنَّ الْأَيْمَانَ ل

33. Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah al-Kufiy has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn al-Hakim from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al- Hajj a] who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘If one swear to express al-Zihar then violates it, expiation becomes obligatory on him before going to be

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَخْلُوَ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْسَهَا

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her once. He (the Imam) said, ’If he has divorced her once al-Zihar becomes void and divorce abolishes al-Zihar.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا فَبَانَتْ مِنْهُ أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her before going to bed with her until she becomes stranger to him: if he owes expiation. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, expiation is not obligatory on him.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي أَوْ كَيَدِهَا أَوْ كَبَطْنِهَا أَوْ كَفَرْجِهَا أَوْ كَنَفْسِهَا أَوْ كَكَعْبِهَا أَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ الظِّهَارَ وَ هَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ فِيهِ مَا يَلْزَمُ الْمُظَاهِرَ فَقَالَ الْمُظَاهِرُ إِذَا ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقَالَ هِيَ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ أَوْ كَيَدِهَا أَوْ كَرِجْلِهَا أَوْ كَشَعْرِهَا أَوْ كَشَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهَا يَنْوِي بِذَلِكَ التَّحْرِيمَ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man, who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife. He says, ‘For me you are like the back of my mother or like her hand, or like her belly, or like her vagina, or like her soul, or like her feet’; if this is al-Zihar and if he owes what one who express

لَا يَقَعُ اللِّعَانُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الرَّجُلُ بِأَهْلِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Li‘an (condemnation) does not take place until one goes to bed with his wife/”

لَا تَكُونُ الْمُلَاعَنَةُ وَ لَا الْإِيلَاءُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الدُّخُولِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Condemnation and swearing take place only after going to bed with her.’”

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْواجَهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَداءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ‌[2] قَالَ هُوَ الْقَاذِفُ الَّذِي يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَإِذَا قَذَفَهَا ثُمَّ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ أَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَمْضِيَ فَيَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعُ شَهاداتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِ

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Those who accuse their wives and do not have witnesses except themselves. . . (24:4) He (the Imam) said, ‘He is one who accuses his wife. If he accuses then confesses that he has lied against her, the punishment for him is w

إِنَّ عَبَّادَ الْبَصْرِيِّ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ كَيْفَ يُلَاعِنُ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَوَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا يُجَامِعُهَا مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ انْصَرَفَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ وَ

“Once ‘Abbad al-Basriy asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was present, ‘How does a man go through the process of Mula ‘inah (condemnation) against the woman?’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), explained a judgment of the Messenger of Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Once a man of the Muslims came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, g

يُجْلَدُ حَدَّ الْقَاذِفِ‌[3] وَ لَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ.

“A man is placed under arrest by the Imam in the case of al-Li‘an (condemnation). He testifies twice, then refuses and confesses that he has lied before completing al-Li ‘an (condemnation). Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that he is whipped as the penalty for accusing the woman of committing fornication. He is not sepa

إِذَا قَذَفَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُلَاعِنُهَا حَتَّى يَقُولَ رَأَيْتُ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهَا رَجُلًا يَزْنِي بِهَا قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ يُلَاعِنُهَا ثُمَّ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ قَبْلَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ جُلِدَ حَدّاً وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ يَقْذِفُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هُوَ مَم

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man accuses his wife he cannot condemn her unless he can say that he has seen a man between her legs fornicating.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the I

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْحُرِّ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَمْلُوكَةِ لِعَانٌ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ وَ الْحُرَّةِ وَ بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ وَ الْأَمَةِ وَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِ وَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَ لَا يَتَوَارَثَانِ وَ لَا يَتَوَارَثُ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكَةُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if al-Li‘an (condemnation) can take place between a free man and a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ’Yes, it can take place between a slave and a free woman, between a slave and a slave-girl, between a Muslim and a Jewish woman or a Christian woman but they do not inherit each other

فِي رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى‌[1] ثُمَّ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا بَعْدَ مَا وَلَدَتْ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ مَضَى التَّلَاعُنُ.

“About the case of a man who goes through the process of al-Li ‘an (condemnation) against his wife who is pregnant, then claims her child to be his child after childbirth thinking that the child is his. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child can be given to him without whipping because al-Li‘an (condemnation) has become a matt

فِي رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ خَرْسَاءُ قَالَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا[2].

“About the case of a man who goes through the process of al-Li‘an (condemnation) against his wife who is speechless, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘They must be separated from each other.”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُلَاعِنِ وَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعَانِ قَالَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ مُسْتَدْبِرَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَيُقِيمُهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مُسْتَقْبِلَا الْقِبْلَةِ بِحِذَائِهِ وَ يَبْدَأُ بِالرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الَّتِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهَا الرَّجْمُ تُرْجَمُ مِنْ وَرَائِهَا وَ لَا يُرْجَمُ مِنْ وَجْهِهَا لِأَنَّ الضَّرْبَ وَ الرَّجْمَ لَا يُصِيبَانِ الْوَجْهَ يُضْرَبَانِ عَلَى الْجَسَدِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man and woman who are involved in al-Li‘an (condemnation) and about how they do it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam sits with his back to al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) and they stand in front of him facing al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) before him and he begins with the man, then the w

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قُلْتُ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ كَيْفَ الْمُلَاعَنَةُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَقْعُدُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْعَلُ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَ يَجْعَلُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ.

‘The Imam sits down with his back to the al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) and keeps the man on his right and the woman on his left.’”