لَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَصِيحَ وَ يُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ.
“About the case of inheritance of a newborn from a wergild, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He cannot inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at birth and his crying is heard.’”
سَمِعْتُهُ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْمَنْفُوسَ لَا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَسْتَهِلَّ وَ يُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ.
“I once heard him (the Imam) (a.s.), saying, ‘A newborn does not inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at the time of birth and his voice is heard.’”
سُئِلَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ وَ لَهُ قُبُلٌ وَ ذَكَرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرِهِ فَلَهُ مِيرَاثُ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبُولُ مِنَ الْقُبُلِ فَلَهُ مِيرَاثُ الْأُنْثَى.
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female and about his inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘If urine comes from the male organ its inheritance is that which is for a male, and if urine comes from the female organ then her share is like the s
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يُوَرِّثُ الْخُنْثَى مِنْ حَيْثُ يَبُولُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin determined the share of a Hermaphrodite of inheritance by the manner the person urinated/” (If urine comes from the male organ his inheritance is that which is for a male and if urine comes from the female organ then her share is like the share of a female)/”
قُلْتُ لَهُ الْمَوْلُودُ يُولَدُ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ يُوَرَّثُ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَبَقَ بَوْلُهُ[1] فَإِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمَا سَوَاءً فَمِنْ حَيْثُ يَنْبَعِثُ فَإِنْ كَانَا سَوَاءً وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ[2].
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female. He (the Imam) said, ‘Such person inherits according to the reproductive organ from which urine comes first. If it comes from both at the same time then it is according to whichever sends with more p
يُوَرَّثُ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَبُولُ إِنْ بَالَ مِنَ الذَّكَرِ وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ بَالَ مِنْ مَوْضِعِ الْأُنْثَى وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الْأُنْثَى وَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَا لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ إِلَّا ثَقْبٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْبَوْلُ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ إِذَا بَالَ نَحَّى بِبَوْلِهِ وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ الذَّكَرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُنَحِّي بِبَوْلِهِ
About the case of a newborn who has the reproductive organs of both male and female, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Such person inherits according to the case of the organ from which the urine comes. If he urinates from the male organ he inherits the share of a male p
مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا سَبَقَ قِيلَ فَإِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعاً قَالَ فَمِنْ أَيِّهِمَا اسْتَدَرَّ قِيلَ فَإِنِ اسْتَدَرَّا جَمِيعاً قَالَ فَمِنْ أَبْعَدِهِمَا[3].
5. This is in another Hadith from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a person who has the reproductive organs of both male and female and urinates from both of them at the same time: ‘He (the Imam) said that it is according to that from which urine comes first and if it is equal in this respect he (the Imam) said
سُئِلَ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ وَ لَيْسَ بِذَكَرٍ وَ لَا أُنْثَى وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا دُبُرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْلِسُ مَعَهُ نَاسٌ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ وَ يُجِيلُ السِّهَامَ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثِ الذَّكَرِ أَوْ مِيرَاثِ الْأُنْثَى فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ وَرَّثَهُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَيُّ قَضِيَّةٍ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ قَضِيَّةٍ
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was with him, about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female but there is only the anus and how to deal with the inheritance of such person. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam and people come in a gathering, pray to Allah then arrange a raffle to see the name of which
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَا لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ يُقْرِعُ الْإِمَامُ أَوِ الْمُقْرِعُ بِهِ يَكْتُبُ عَلَى سَهْمٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى سَهْمٍ آخَرَ أَمَةَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ الْإِمَامُ أَوِ الْمُقْرِعُ- اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ عالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبادِكَ فِي ما كانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a newborn who does not have the male or female organ. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam or one who casts raffle settles it by means of casting a raffle. On one token, he writes ‘male servant of Allah’, on the other he writes ‘female servant of Allah’. Then the Imam or
سُئِلَ عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ بِذَكَرٍ وَ لَا أُنْثَى لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا دُبُرٌ كَيْفَ يُوَرَّثُ قَالَ يَجْلِسُ الْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْلِسُ عِنْدَهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ تُجَالُ السِّهَامُ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى أَيِّ مِيرَاثٍ يُوَرِّثُهُ أَ مِيرَاثِ الذَّكَرِ أَوْ مِيرَاثِ الْأُنْثَى فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ وَرَّثَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَيُّ قَضِيَّةٍ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ قَضِيَّةٍ تُجَالُ عَل
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a newborn who is not a male or female except that the child has an anus and about the inheritance of such child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam with Muslim people sits in a gathering and prays to Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, then mixes the arrows (tokens)
وَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْخُنْثَى وَ قَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيهِ يُوَرَّثُ الْخُنْثَى مِنَ الْمَبَالِ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا بَالَ وَ شَهَادَةُ الْجَارِّ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ لَا تُقْبَلُ مَعَ أَنَّهُ عَسَى أَنْ تَكُونَ امْرَأَةً وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ أَوْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ وَ هَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ فَأَجَابَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثُ ع عَنْهَا أَم
“Yahya ibn Aktham asked him (the Imam) questions; among the questions that he asked one was about hermaphrodite and the words of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin that a hermaphrodite inherits according to the manner of urinating and that who must look at the child (the person) when urinating and that the testimony of one who is unfa
قَالَ وُلِدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ وَ صَدْرَانِ فِي حَقْوٍ[3] وَاحِدٍ فَسُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثَ اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ يُتْرَكُ حَتَّى يَنَامَ ثُمَّ يُصَاحُ بِهِ فَإِنِ انْتَبَهَا جَمِيعاً مَعاً كَانَ لَهُ مِيرَاثُ وَاحِدٍ وَ إِنِ انْتَبَهَ وَاحِدٌ وَ بَقِيَ الْآخَرُ نَائِماً يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثَ اثْنَيْنِ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin a child was bom with two heads and two chests on one groin. ’ Amir al-Mu’minin was asked about it; if the child receives inheritance for one or for two. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child must be allowed to sleep then called to wake up. If both wake up
رَأَيْتُ بِفَارِسَ امْرَأَةً لَهَا رَأْسَانِ وَ صَدْرَانِ فِي حَقْوٍ وَاحِدٍ مُتَزَوِّجَةً تَغَارُ[4] هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ وَ هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنَا غَيْرُهُ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَجُلًا كَذَلِكَ وَ كَانَا حَائِكَيْنِ يَعْمَلَانِ جَمِيعاً عَلَى حَفٍّ وَاحِدٍ[5].
“In Fars I saw a woman who had two heads and two chests on one groin. She was married and one expressed jealousy toward the other. Other people have narrated to us that he saw a man as such.”
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اللَّهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If a child whose parents have condemned each other dies, leaving behind brothers, his legacy is distributed among them according to the shares that Allah has ordained.’”
أَنَّ مِيرَاثَ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ لَيْسَتْ بِحَيَّةٍ فَلِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ إِلَى أُمِّهِ أَخْوَالِهِ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مِثْلَهُ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said the legacy of a child from parents who condemn each other belongs to his mother if she is living and if she is not living then it belongs to the people nearest to her, like maternal uncle.’” Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr fro
فِي الْمُلَاعِنِ إِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَبْلَ اللِّعَانِ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ ضُرِبَ الْحَدَّ وَ إِنْ أَبَى لَاعَنَ وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً وَ إِنْ قَذَفَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَلَدُهُ وَرِثَهُ أَخْوَالُهُ فَإِنِ ادَّعَاهُ أَبُوهُ لَحِقَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثَهُ الِابْنُ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ الْأَبُ.
“This is about the case of a man who decides to proceed with condemnation. He then calls himself as lying before the process of condemnation. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘His woman is returned to him, he is made to suffer the applicable penalty; but if he refuses and proceeds with condemnation process she will nev
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ أُمُّهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child of Mula‘anah and about who inherits such a child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The mother inherits the legacy of such child.’ I then asked, ‘Who inherits such child if the mother dies?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The maternal uncle inherits the legacy of such child.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ وَلَدَهَا وَلَدُهُ هَلْ تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ لَا تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أُمُّهُ فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتِ الْأُمُّ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَا
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and rejects her child; then calls himself lying after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that her child is his child if she is returned to him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, and it is not honorable. She is not returned to him and i
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say if the child of Mula‘anah dies and has brothers the legacy is distributed among them according to the shares ordained by Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife when she is pregnant. When the child is born, he claims her child with confession and thinks that the child is his child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is returned to him but cannot inherit his legacy and he is not whipp
فِي رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَهُ هَلْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْ
“About the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and denies her child, then calls himself a liar after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that the child is his child; if the child can be returned to him, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The child is returned to him. The child is not called his child, he does
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ يَلْحَقُ الْوَلَدُ بِأُمِّهِ وَ يَرِثُهُ أَخْوَالُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ إِنْ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ الْوَلَدُ.
‘The child is joined with his mother and his maternal uncle inherits his legacy but he cannot inherit them. I then asked, ‘What happens if he calls himself a liar?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is joined with him.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ إِذَا تَلَاعَنَا وَ تَفَرَّقَا وَ قَالَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَرُدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَّعِهِ أَبُوهُ فَإِنَّ أَخْوَالَهُ يَرِثُونَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَإِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ بِابْنِ الزَّانِيَةِ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ. قَالَ الْ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife, then they separate from each other. The husband thereafter says that the child is his child and he calls himself a liar. He (the Imam) said, ‘The woman cannot return to him but the child must be joined with him; he canno
ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ الْبَاقِي لِإِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ[1]. بَابٌ
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, The child involved in Mula‘anah (condemnation) of parents is inherited by his mother with a share of one-third and the rest of the legacy belongs to the Imam of the Muslims; the liability for his crime becomes a burden on the Imam.”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ادَّعَتْهُ النِّسَاءُ دُونَ الرِّجَالِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَتْ رِجَالُهُنَّ وَ انْقَرَضُوا وَ صَارَ رَجُلًا وَ زَوَّجْنَهُ وَ أَدْخَلْنَهُ فِي مَنَازِلِهِنَّ وَ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ دَارٌ- فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَصَبَةُ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ الَّذِينَ انْقَرَضُوا فَنَاشَدُوهُ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَ حَقَّهُمْ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي فِي يَدَيْهِ الدَّا
“Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar narrated to me that he once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man against whom a woman without a man had laid a claim when their men were no more. When he became a man, the women married him and allowed him to enter their homes. A man had a house in his possession. The relatives of men and
أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى وَلِيدَةِ قَوْمٍ حَرَاماً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا ثُمَّ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِ
“This is a pronouncement from abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.). He (the Imam) has said, Tf a man falls upon a slave-girl of a people unlawfully, then buys her and claims her child, he cannot inherit from such a child anything. It is because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of
كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا كِتَاباً إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ[1].
“Once certain persons of our people with me wrote to abu Ja’far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about a man who commits the indecent act with a woman, then marries her after she becomes pregnant and gives birth to a child who of all creatures is similar to him. He (the Imam) wrote back in his handwriting the answer that said
فَقَالَ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ.
“This is a pronouncement of abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who falls upon the slave-girl of a people in an unlawful manner. He then buys her and claims her child. He (the Imam) has said, ’He cannot inherit from such child because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his fa
كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: مِيرَاثُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا لِقَرَابَاتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ عَلَى نَحْوِ
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Ash‘ariy who has narrated the following: “Once certain persons of our people with me wrote to abu Ja’far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about a man who commits the indecent act with a woman; then marries her afte
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِنَصْرَانِيَّةٍ فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ غُلَاماً فَأَقَرَّ بِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَداً غَيْرَهُ أَ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ[2].
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who commits the indecent act with a Christian woman; and she gives birth to a boy and he claims him to be his child; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs except that boy; if he can inherit him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can inherit him.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ يَهُودِيَّةٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثاً قَالَ فَقَالَ يُسَلَّمُ لِوَلَدِهِ الْمِيرَاثُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا غُلَاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ لِابْنِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمَةِ[3].
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who commits the indecent act with a Jewish woman who gives birth; then he dies leaving behind no other heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy must be kept safe from the Jewish woman for the child.’ I then asked about a Christian man who commits the ind
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ [وَ مَالِهِ] قَالَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يَطَأُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبْعَثُهَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِ وَ إِنَّهُ اتَّهَمَهَا وَ حَبِلَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ لَيْسَتْ هَذِهِ مِثْلَ تِلْكَ[1].
“This is about the case of a man who goes to bed with his slave-girl and sends her to do certain works for him. She becomes pregnant; he [accuses] her and receives news of her misbehaving. He (the Imam) said, ‘When she gives birth he must keep the child and must not sell him but assign for him a share from his house [a
إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى أَبِي فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنِّي ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنَّ لِي جَارِيَةً كُنْتُ أَطَأُهَا فَوَطِئْتُهَا يَوْماً وَ خَرَجْتُ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي بَعْدَ مَا اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ نَسِيتُ نَفَقَةً لِي فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ لآِخُذَهَا فَوَجَدْتُ غُلَامِي عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ لَهَا مِنْ يَوْمِي ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَوَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي لَا يَنْب
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man from al-Ansar (people of al-Madinah) came to my father and said, ‘I am facing a huge problem. I have a slave-girl and I would go to bed with her. One day I went to bed with her, then went out for a certain work after taking Ghusl (bath); but I had forgotten something so
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْحَمِيلُ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هَذَا ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِمُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى وِلَادَتِهِ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of ( al-Hamil ) a child who is carried along. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil (carried along)? 5 1 replied, ‘A woman is taken captive. With her, there is a small child. She says that he is her child. A man is taken as a captive. He meets his brother and says th
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ حَمِيلَيْنِ جِيءَ بِهِمَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الشِّرْكِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْتَ أَخِي فَعُرِفَا بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا وَ مَكَثَا مُقِرَّيْنِ بِالْإِخَاءِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا مَاتَ فَقَالَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَخِ يُصَدَّقَانِ.
‘You are my brother. 5 They then recognize each other, then they are released and they continue confirming their relationship as brothers, then one of them dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to the brother and they must be considered truthful. 555
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْحَمِيلُ فَقُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَرْضِهَا وَ مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هُوَ ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ يَتَعَارَفَانِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمَا فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is al-Hamil (brought from other land). He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil ? I then replied, ‘A woman is taken captive from her land. With her is a small child and she says that he is her son. A man is taken as a captive, who meets his brother and says
كُنَّا عَلَى بَابِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ نَحْنُ جَمَاعَةٌ نَنْتَظِرُهُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِذْ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ أَيُّكُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا الْقَوْمُ مَا تُرِيدِينَ مِنْهُ قَالَتْ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا هَذَا فَقِيهُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَسَلِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَاقِي خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذْتُ ص
“Once we were with abu Ja‘far (a.s.). We were in a group waiting for him (the Imam) to come out. A woman came and asked, ’Which one of you is abu Ja‘far?’ The people asked, ‘What for are you asking for him?’ She replied, T want to ask him about an issue.’ They said, ‘This is the jurist of the people of Iraq. You can as
يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ فِي حِصَّتِهِ. بَابٌ
“About the case of a man who dies and certain ones of his heirs confirm his indebtedness to a man, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It becomes binding upon them on their shares.’”
دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمْتُ وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ إِلَّا أَخٌ لَهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْ لَبَنِنَا أَوْ أَرْضَعَ لَنَا وَلَداً فَنَحْنُ آبَاؤُهُ[1].
“I once visited abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.). I offered greeting of peace and asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. What do you say about the case of a man who dies and has no other heirs except a brother who is due to breastfeeding; can he inherit him? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, my
مَنْ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ دَيْناً فَعَلَيْنَا دَيْنُهُ وَ إِلَيْنَا عِيَالُهُ وَ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَوَالٍ فَمَالُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْفَالِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies with indebtedness, on us is his debt and up to us are his dependents. If one dies leaving behind assets, it is for his heirs and if one dies leaving behind no guardians, his asset is part of public welfare fund.”’
مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ وَ لَا مَوْلَى عَتَاقِهِ قَدْ ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ فَمَالُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْفَالِ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies without leaving behind any heirs from his relatives or freeing master who has taken responsibiliy for his crimes, his legacy becomes part of the public welfare funds (state treasury).”’
الْإِمَامُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ.
“Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Imam is the heir of one who does not have any heirs.’”
مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَوْلًى فَمَالُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْفَالِ. بَابٌ
“About the words of Allah, most Blessed, most High, ‘. . . they ask you about al-Anfal (assets captured from the enemy),’ (8:1) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies without leaving behind any heirs his assets become part of al-Anfal.’”
مَاتَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ فَدَفَعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَى هَمْشَهْرِيجِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of ’Amir al-Mu’minin a man died and had no heirs. ’Amir al-Mu’minin gave his legacy to his Hamshahrijah (his fellow countryman). 5 ”
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ مَالًا وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَحَدٌ أَعْطِ الْمِيرَاثَ هَمْشَارِيجَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘If a man dies without leaving behind any heirs then give his legacy to Hamshahrijah (his fellow countryman)
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Guardianship rests in favor of one who sets one free.’”
لِعَائِشَةَ أَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about Hadith of Burayrah has said, ‘The Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said to ‘A’ishah, ‘Set a slave free because guardianship rests with the one who buys one’s freedom.’”
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ أَهْلَ بَرِيرَةَ اشْتَرَطُوا وَلَاءَهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ‘A’ishah once said to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘People of Burayrah have set her guardianship a condition.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family wo
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى عَبْداً لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ قَالَ وَلَاءُ وُلْدِهِ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a slave who has children from a free woman who has set him free. He (the Imam) said, ‘The guardianship of his children rests with one who has bought his freedom.’”
لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهَا.
About the case of a woman who freed a man and about with whom rests his guardianship and to who belongs his legacy, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Such things rest with the one who has bought his freedom, unless he has other heirs besides her.’”