Chapter on Eating and Drinking From Gold and Silver Utensils and Other Etiquettes of Eating

لَا يَنْبَغِي الشُّرْبُ فِي آنِيَةِ الْفِضَّةِ وَ الذَّهَبِ[1].

"It is not proper to drink from vessels made of silver and gold."

لَا تَأْكُلْ فِي آنِيَةِ ذَهَبٍ وَ لَا فِضَّةٍ[2].

"Do not eat from vessels made of gold or silver."

رَوَى ثَعْلَبَةُ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الشُّرْبَ فِي الْفِضَّةِ وَ فِي الْقَدَحِ الْمُفَضَّضِ وَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُدَّهَنَ مِنْ مُدْهُنٍ مُفَضَّضٍ وَ الْمُشْطُ كَذَلِكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ بُدّاً مِنَ الشُّرْبِ فِي الْقَدَحِ الْمُفَضَّضِ عَدَلَ بِفَمِهِ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الْفِضَّةِ[3].

Hadith.4238 - Thalabah narrated from Burayd al-Ijli, from Abu Abdullah (as): "Imam (as) disliked drinking from silver vessels and from cups plated with silver. Imam (as) also disliked applying oil from a silver-plated container and using a comb that is silver-plated. However, if one has no choice but to drink from a si

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ آنِيَةُ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ مَتَاعُ‌ الَّذِينَ لا يُوقِنُونَ‌[1].

Hadith.4239 - The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Vessels of gold and silver are the possessions of those who do not have certainty (in faith)."

لَهُ بَعْضُ جُلَسَائِهِ إِنَّ عَبَّادَ الْبَصْرِيَّ يَكْرَهُ الشُّرْبَ فِي الصُّفْرِ قَالَ فَسَلْهُ أَ ذَهَبٌ هُوَ أَمْ فِضَّةٌ.

Hadith.4240 - Yunus bin Yaqub narrated from his brother Yusuf: Abu Abdullah (as), once asked for water, and a vessel made of brass containing water was brought to him. One of those sitting with him said: "'Abbad al-Basri dislikes drinking from brass vessels." Imam (as) said: "Then ask him, is it gold or silver?"

كَرِهَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الرَّجُلُ بِشِمَالِهِ أَوْ يَشْرَبَ بِهَا أَوْ يَتَنَاوَلَ بِهَا.

Hadith.4241 - It is narrated from Jarrah Al-Mada'ini: Abu Abdullah (as), disliked that a man should eat with his left hand, drink with it, or take anything with it.

رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص اشْرَبُوا فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ خَيْرِ آنِيَتِكُمْ.

Hadith.4242 - It is narrated by Abdullah bin Maymoon, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): The companions of the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, were drinking water in large gulps at Tabuk. So the Messenger of Allah (sw

شُرْبُ الْمَاءِ مِنْ قِيَامٍ بِالنَّهَارِ أَدَرُّ لِلْعِرْقِ وَ أَقْوَى لِلْبَدَنِ[3]

Hadith.4243 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "Drinking water while standing during the day increases perspiration and strengthens the body."

قَالَ ع‌ شُرْبُ الْمَاءِ بِاللَّيْلِ مِنْ قِيَامٍ يُورِثُ الْمَاءَ الْأَصْفَرَ[4].

Hadith.4244 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "Drinking water while standing at night causes yellow water (jaundice)."

"إِذَا كَانَ اَلَّذِي يُنَاوِلُكَ اَلْمَاءَ مَمْلُوكاً لَكَ فَاشْرَبْ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حُرّاً فَاشْرَبْهُ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ".

Hadith.4245 - One of his companions asked him about drinking water in a single breath. Imam (as) said: "If the person handing you the water is your servant, then drink it in three breaths; but if he is free, then drink it in a single breath."

وَ مَا الْهِيمُ قَالَ الزِّمْلُ‌[1]. - وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ الْإِبِلُ‌[2]. وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ الْهِيمَ النِّيبُ‌[3]. وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ الْهِيمَ مَا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ‌[4] .

Hadith.4246 - In a narration by Hammad from Al-Halabi, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "Drinking in three breaths is better than drinking in one breath." Imam (as) disliked that a person should resemble 'Al-Heem.' I asked: "What is Al-Heem?" Imam (as) replied: "It refers to camels." In another narration, i

لَا تَأْكُلْ وَ أَنْتَ تَمْشِي إِلَّا أَنْ تُضْطَرَّ إِلَى ذَلِكَ[5].

Hadith.4247 - Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), that he said: "Do not eat while you are walking unless you are compelled to do so."

مَا أَكَلَ مُتَّكِئاً حَتَّى مَاتَ‌[6].

"I saw Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) eating while reclining. Then Imam (as) mentioned the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, and said: 'He never ate while reclining until he passed away.' "

رُوِيَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي شُعْبَةَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى‌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَأْكُلُ مُتَرَبِّعاً[1].

Hadith.4249 - It is narrated from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Umar ibn Abi Shu'bah, from Abi Shu'bah: "He saw Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), eating while sitting cross-legged."

الْعَبْدُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لِلشَّيْطَانِ اخْزَ يَا فَاسِقُ فَلَا سُلْطَانَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِذَا فَرَغُوا فَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ هُمْ قَوْمٌ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَدَّوْا شُكْرَ رَبِّهِمْ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لِلشَّيْطَانِ ادْنُ يَا فَاسِقُ فَكُلْ مَعَهُمْ فَإِذَا رُفِعَتْ فَلَمْ يَحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَ

Hadith.4250 - It is narrated by Isma'il ibn Abi Ziyad, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "When the table (for food) is set, four angels surround it. If the servant says 'In the name of Allah (swt),' the angels

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ صَاحِبُ الرَّحْلِ يَشْرَبُ أَوَّلَ الْقَوْمِ وَ يَتَوَضَّأُ آخِرَهُمْ‌[3].

Hadith.4251 - The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The owner of the provision will drink first among the people and performs ablution last among them."

يَا سَمَاعَةُ أَكْلًا وَ حَمْداً لَا أَكْلًا وَ صَمْتاً[4].

Hadith.4252 - Sama'ah bin Mehran narrated: I was eating with Abu Abdullah (as), and Imam (as) said: "O Sama'ah, eat with gratitude and praise, not with eating and silence."

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ ضَمِنْتُ لِمَنْ سَمَّى عَلَى طَعَامِهِ‌[5] أَنْ لَا يَشْتَكِيَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ[6] يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَقَدْ أَكَلْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ طَعَاماً فَسَمَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ آذَانِي فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَكَلْتَ أَلْوَاناً فَسَمَّيْتَ عَلَى بَعْضِهَا وَ لَمْ تُسَمِّ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَا لُكَعُ‌[7]. وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ مَنْ نَسِيَ أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ عَلَى كُلِّ لَوْنٍ

Hadith.4253 - Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "I guarantee that whoever mentions the name of Allah (swt) upon his food will not suffer any harm from it." Then Ibn al-Kawwa' said: "O Commander of the Faithful, I ate food last night, mentioned the name of Allah (swt) upon it, and yet it caused me disc

مَا اتَّخَمْتُ قَطُّ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَبْدَأْ بِطَعَامٍ إِلَّا قُلْتُ- بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ أَفْرُغْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ إِلَّا قُلْتُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ[2]

Hadith.4254 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "I have never suffered from indigestion, and that is because I never began eating any food without saying: 'In the name of Allah (swt),' and I never finished eating without saying: 'All praise is due to Allah (swt).'"

قَالَ ع‌ إِنَّ الْبَطْنَ إِذَا شَبِعَ طَغَى‌[3].

Hadith.4255 - Imam (as) said: "Indeed, when the stomach is full, it becomes rebellious."

لَهُ مَا حَدُّ هَذَا الْخِوَانِ فَقَالَ إِذَا وَضَعْتَهُ فَسَمِّ اللَّهَ وَ إِذَا رَفَعْتَهُ فَاحْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَ قُمَّ مَا حَوْلَ الْخِوَانِ فَإِنَّ هَذَا حَدُّهُ قَالَ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا كُوزٌ مَوْضُوعٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا حَدُّ الْكُوزِ فَقَالَ اشْرَبْ مِمَّا يَلِي شَفَتَيْهِ وَ سَمِّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِذَا رَفَعْتَهُ عَنْ فِيكَ فَاحْمَدِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ مَوْضِعَ الْعُرْوَةِ أَنْ تَشْ

Hadith.4256 - Amr ibn Qays al-Masir narrated: I entered upon Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), in Medina, and there was a dining table before him, and Imam (as) was eating. I said to Imam (as): "What is the proper etiquette for this table?" Imam (as) replied: "When you place it, mention the name of Allah

لَهُ مَا كَانَ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ فَدَعْهُ وَ لَوْ فَخِذَ شَاةٍ وَ مَا كَانَ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَتَتَبَّعْهُ وَ الْقُطْهُ.

Hadith.4257 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Walid al-Kirmani: I ate in the presence of Abu Ja'far al-Thani Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Jawad (as). When I finished and the dining mat was lifted, a servant went to collect the crumbs of food that had fallen. Imam (as) said to him: "Whatever is in the open area, leave i

إِنَّ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ يَبْدَءُونَ بِالْخَلِّ فِي أَوَّلِ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَخْتِمُونَ بِالْمِلْحِ وَ إِنَّا نَبْدَأُ بِالْمِلْحِ فِي أَوَّلِ الطَّعَامِ وَ نَخْتِمُ بِالْخَلِ[1]

Hadith.4258 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "Indeed, the Banu Umayyah begin their meals with vinegar and end them with salt. Whereas we begin our meals with salt and end them with vinegar."

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ ابْدَءُوا بِالْمِلْحِ فِي أَوَّلِ الطَّعَامِ فَلَوْ عَلِمَ النَّاسُ مَا فِي الْمِلْحِ لَاخْتَارُوهُ عَلَى التِّرْيَاقِ الْمُجَرَّبِ.

Hadith.4259 - Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Begin with salt at the start of the meal, for if people knew what is in salt, they would prefer it over the tried remedy."

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ يَتَخَلَّلُ وَ هُوَ يُطَيِّبُ الْفَمَ.

I saw Abu Abdillah (as) using a toothpick, so I looked at him. Imam (as) said: "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) used a toothpick, and it purifies the mouth."

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ إِنَّ مِنْ حَقِّ الضَّيْفِ أَنْ يُعَدَّ لَهُ الْخِلَالُ‌[3].

Hadith.4261 - And in another narration: "Indeed, it is from the rights of the guest that a toothpick is prepared for him."

قَالَ ع‌ مَا أَدَرْتَ عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَكَ فَأَخْرَجْتَهُ فَابْلَعْهُ وَ مَا أَخْرَجْتَهُ بِالْخِلَالِ فَارْمِ بِهِ‌[4].

Hadith.4262 - Imam (as) said: "Whatever you roll around with your tongue and remove, swallow it, and whatever you remove with a toothpick, discard it."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَ بَعْدَهُ يَذْهَبَانِ بِالْفَقْرِ[1].

Hadith.4263 - Safwan al-Jammal narrated from Abi Ghurrah al-Khurasani who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Performing ablution before and after eating removes poverty."

مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَكْثُرَ خَيْرُ بَيْتِهِ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ طَعَامِهِ[2]

Hadith.4264 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever desires that the blessings of his house increase, let him perform ablution when food is brought."

قَالَ ع‌[3] مَنْ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَ بَعْدَهُ عَاشَ فِي سَعَةٍ وَ عُوفِيَ مِنْ بَلْوَى فِي جَسَدِهِ.

Hadith.4265 - Imam (as) said: "Whoever washes his hands before and after eating will live in ease and will be protected from afflictions in his body."

رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع‌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا طَعِمَ قَالَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنَا وَ سَقَانَا وَ كَفَانَا وَ أَيَّدَنَا وَ آوَانَا وَ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْنَا وَ أَفْضَلَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي‌ يُطْعِمُ وَ لا يُطْعَمُ‌.

Hadith.4266 - It is narrated from Abu Hamzah al-Thumali, from Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as), that whenever he ate, Imam (as) would say: "All praise is due to Allah (swt), Who fed us, gave us drink, sufficed us, supported us, sheltered us, blessed us, and bestowed His favor upon us. All praise is due to Allah (swt), Who

نِعْمَ الْإِدَامُ الْخَلُّ مَا أَقْفَرَ بَيْتٌ فِيهِ خَلٌ[4]

Hadith.4267 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "What an excellent condiment vinegar is! A house that has vinegar will never be destitute."

لَا بَأْسَ بِأَكْلِهِ نِيّاً وَ فِي الْقُدُورِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُتَدَاوَى بِالثُّومِ وَ لَكِنْ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَلَا يَخْرُجْ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ[5].

Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about garlic, onions, and leeks. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in eating them raw or cooked in pots, and there is no harm in using garlic as a remedy. However, if one does so, let him not go to the mosque."

إِنَّمَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْهُ لِرِيحِهِ وَ قَالَ مَنْ أَكَلَ هَذِهِ الْبَقْلَةَ الْخَبِيثَةَ فَلَا يَقْرَبْ مَسْجِدَنَا فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَكَلَهُ وَ لَمْ يَأْتِ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

I asked him about garlic. Imam (as) said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) only forbade it because of its smell. Prophet (sw) said: 'Whoever eats this foul plant should not come near our mosque.' However, as for one who eats it and does not go to the mosque, there is no harm."

قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع‌[1] فِي الْمَائِدَةِ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ خَصْلَةً يَجِبُ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَعْرِفَهَا أَرْبَعٌ مِنْهَا فَرْضٌ وَ أَرْبَعٌ سُنَّةٌ وَ أَرْبَعٌ تَأْدِيبٌ فَأَمَّا الْفَرْضُ فَالْمَعْرِفَةُ[2] وَ الرِّضَا وَ التَّسْمِيَةُ[3] وَ الشُّكْرُ وَ أَمَّا السُّنَّةُ فَالْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الْجُلُوسُ عَلَى الْجَانِبِ الْأَيْسَرِ وَ الْأَكْلُ بِثَلَاثِ أَصَابِعَ وَ لَعْقُ الْأَصَاب

Imam Hasan ibn Ali (as) said: "There are twelve qualities related to the dining table that every Muslim must know, four of them are obligatory, four are recommended practices (Sunnah), and four are etiquettes: As for the obligatory ones, they are: recognition (of Allah (swt)), contentment, mentioning the name of Allah

يَنْبَغِي لِلشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ أَلَّا يَنَامَ إِلَّا وَ جَوْفُهُ مُمْتَلِئٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَإِنَّهُ أَهْدَأُ لِنَوْمِهِ وَ أَطْيَبُ لِنَكْهَتِهِ[4]

Hadith.4271 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "It is appropriate for an elderly person not to sleep unless his stomach is full of food, for it makes his sleep more restful and his breath more pleasant."

عَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ يَحْتَمِي مِنَ الطَّعَامِ مَخَافَةَ الدَّاءِ كَيْفَ لَا يَحْتَمِي مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ مَخَافَةَ النَّارِ[5]

Hadith.4272 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "I am amazed at the one who abstains from food out of fear of illness, how does he not abstain from sins out of fear of the Fire?"