Usul16

Chapter on Debt and Loan

38 narrations
faqih-3676Vol. 3, p. 182

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الدَّيْنَ فَإِنَّهُ مَذَلَّةٌ بِالنَّهَارِ وَ مَهَمَّةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ قَضَاءٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ قَضَاءٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ[2].

Hadith.3682 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Beware of debt, for it is humiliation during the day, worry at night, accountability in this world, and accountability in the Hereafter."

faqih-3677Vol. 3, p. 182

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّهُ ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دِينَارَانِ دَيْناً فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ قَالَ صَلُّوا عَلَى أَخِيكُمْ حَتَّى ضَمِنَهُمَا عَنْهُ بَعْضُ قَرَابَاتِهِ‌[3] فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ذَاكَ الْحَقُّ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِيَتَّعِظُوا[4] وَ لِيَرُدَّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَ لِئَلَّا يَسْتَخِفُّوا

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "It has been mentioned to us that a man from the Ansar died while owing two dinars as debt, so the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) did not pray over him and said: 'Pray over your brother,' until one of his relatives guaranteed them on his behalf." Abu Abdillah (as) said: "That is

faqih-3679Vol. 3, p. 182-183

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ الرَّجُلُ وَ يَحُجُّ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ يَسْتَقْرِضُ وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّهُ يَنْتَظِرُ رِزْقَ اللَّهِ غُدْوَةً وَ عَشِيَّةً.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as)-"May I be your ransom! Can a man borrow and perform Hajj?" Imam (as) said: "Yes." I said: "Can he borrow and get married?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, for he awaits the provision of Allah (swt) morning and evening."

faqih-3680Vol. 3, p. 183

لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُلَازِمَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَ عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ فَمَا تَقُولُ قَالَ ارْجِعْ إِلَى مُؤَدَّى دَيْنِكَ‌[2] وَ انْظُرْ أَنْ تَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ دَيْنٌ فَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَا يَخُونُ.

I said to Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as), "I wish to remain in Makkah and Madinah, but I have a debt upon me. What do you advise?" Imam (as) said: "Return and pay off your debt, and make sure you meet Allah (swt), the Mighty and Exalted, without any debt upon you, for the believer does not betray."

faqih-3681Vol. 3, p. 183

مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ يَنْوِي قَضَاءَهُ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَافِظَانِ يُعِينَانِهِ عَلَى الْأَدَاءِ عَنْ أَمَانَتِهِ فَإِنْ قَصَرَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَنِ الْأَدَاءِ قَصَرَا عَنْهُ مِنَ الْمَعُونَةِ بِقَدْرِ مَا قَصَرَ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ

faqih-3684Vol. 3, p. 184

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الشَّيْ‌ءُ يَتَبَلَّغُ بِهِ‌[2] وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ أَ يُطْعِمُهُ عِيَالَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمَيْسَرَةٍ فَيَقْضِيَ دَيْنَهُ أَوْ يَسْتَقْرِضُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ فِي خُبْثِ الزَّمَانِ وَ شِدَّةِ الْمَكَاسِبِ أَوْ يَقْبَلُ الصَّدَقَةَ[3] فَقَالَ يَقْضِي بِمَا عِنْدَهُ دَيْنَهُ وَ لَا يَأْكُلُ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا وَ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُؤَدّ

Hadith.3690 - Sama'ah ibn Mihran narrated that he said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "A man among us has something with which he can sustain himself, but he is in debt. Should he feed his family with it until Allah (swt), the Mighty and Exalted, provides him with ease so he can repay his debt, or should he borrow despi

faqih-3685Vol. 3, p. 184

مَنْ حَبَسَ حَقَّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ مَخَافَةَ مِنْ أَنَّهُ إِنْ خَرَجَ ذَلِكَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ يَدِهِ أَنْ يَفْتَقِرَ كَانَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَقْدَرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُفْقِرَهُ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُغْنِيَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَبْسِهِ ذَلِكَ الْحَقَ[4].

faqih-3687Vol. 3, p. 184-185

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ عَلَيَّ دَيْناً لِأَيْتَامٍ وَ أَخَافُ إِنْ بِعْتُ ضَيْعَتِي بَقِيتُ وَ مَا لِيَ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ لَا تَبِعْ ضَيْعَتَكَ وَ لَكِنْ‌ أَعْطِ بَعْضاً وَ أَمْسِكْ بَعْضاً[1].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I owe a debt to orphans, and I fear that if I sell my estate, I will be left with nothing." Imam (as) said: "Do not sell your estate; rather, give some and keep some."

faqih-3688Vol. 3, p. 185

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ لَيْسَ مِنْ غَرِيمٍ يَنْطَلِقُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ غَرِيمُهُ رَاضِياً إِلَّا صَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ دَوَابُّ الْأَرْضِ وَ نُونُ الْبُحُورِ[2] وَ لَيْسَ مِنْ غَرِيمٍ يَنْطَلِقُ صَاحِبُهُ غَضْبَانَ وَ هُوَ مَلِيٌّ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِكُلِّ يَوْمِ يَحْبِسُهُ أَوْ لَيْلَةٍ ظُلْماً[3].

Hadith.3694 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "There is no debtor whose creditor leaves him satisfied except that the creatures of the earth and the fish in the seas pray for him. And there is no debtor whose creditor leaves him angry while he is capable of paying, except that Allah (swt), the Migh

faqih-3689Vol. 3, p. 185

إِنِ اسْتَحْلَفَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ الْيَمِينِ شَيْئاً وَ إِنْ حَبَسَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً[5] وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهُ وَ لَمْ يَسْتَحْلِفْهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى حَقِّهِ.

Hadith.3695 - Ibrahim ibn Abdul Hamid narrated from Khidr ibn Amr Al-Nakha'i, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a man who has money owed to him by another man, but the debtor denies it. Imam (as) said: "If he makes him swear an oath, then he has no right to take anything from him after the oath. And if he imprisons him,

faqih-3690Vol. 3, p. 185-186

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ لِي عِنْدَهُ مَالٌ فَكَابَرَنِي عَلَيْهِ وَ حَلَفَ ثُمَّ وَقَعَ لَهُ عِنْدِي مَالٌ أَ فَآخُذُهُ مَكَانَ مَالِيَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ وَ أَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا صَنَعَ هُوَ فَقَالَ إِنْ خَانَكَ فَلَا تَخُنْهُ وَ لَا تَدْخُلْ فِيمَا عِبْتَهُ عَلَيْهِ‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owed me money but denied it and swore an oath. Then, some of his money came into my possession. Should I take it in place of what he took from me and swear an oath as he did? Imam (as) said: "If he has betrayed you, do not betray him, and do not commit what you criticized him f

faqih-3691Vol. 3, p. 186

لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ فَيَجْحَدُنِيهِ ثُمَّ يَسْتَوْدِعُنِي مَالًا أَ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ مَالِي عِنْدَهُ قَالَ لَا هَذِهِ الْخِيَانَةُ[2].

I said to him, "A man owes me a right but denies it, and then he entrusts me with some money. Is it permissible for me to take my due from it?" Imam (as) said: "No, that would be betrayal."

faqih-3693Vol. 3, p. 186

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَجَحَدَهُ إِيَّاهُ وَ ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ صَارَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ‌[3] لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِمَالِهِ مَالٌ مِثْلُهُ أَ يَأْخُذُهُ مَكَانَ مَالِهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي إِنَّمَا آخُذُ هَذَا مَكَانَ مَالِيَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ مِنِّي‌[4].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "A man had money owed to him by another man, but the debtor denied it and took it away from him. Later, the creditor gained possession of an equivalent amount belonging to the debtor. Can he take it in place of the money that was taken from him?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, and he should say, 'O

faqih-3694Vol. 3, p. 186

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ لِيُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ‌ يَقُولُ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَمْ آخُذْ مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ خِيَانَةً وَ لَا ظُلْماً وَ لَكِنِّي أَخَذْتُهُ مَكَانَ حَقِّي‌[5].

Hadith.3700 - And in another narration from Yunus ibn Abdul Rahman, from Abu Bakr Al-Hadrami, similar to the previous one, except that he said: He should say, "O Allah (swt), I did not take what I took from him as an act of betrayal or injustice, but I took it in place of my rightful due."

faqih-3696Vol. 3, p. 187

لِقَوْلِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَرْضَ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اَللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ".

Hadith.3702 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever swears by Allah (swt) should speak the truth, and whoever is sworn to by Allah (swt) should be satisfied. And whoever is not satisfied is not from Allah (swt) in any way."

faqih-3697Vol. 3, p. 187

لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنِّي أُعَامِلُ قَوْماً فَرُبَّمَا أَرْسَلُوا إِلَيَّ فَأَخَذُوا مِنِّي الْجَارِيَةَ وَ الدَّابَّةَ فَذَهَبُوا بِهَا مِنِّي ثُمَّ يَدُورُ لَهُمُ الْمَالُ عِنْدِي فَآخُذُ مِنْهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَخَذُوا مِنِّي فَقَالَ خُذْ مِنْهُمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَخَذُوا مِنْكَ وَ لَا تَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ.

I said to Abu Al-Hasan (as), "I deal with some people, and sometimes they send to me and take a bondwoman or an animal from me, and they take it away. Then their wealth later comes into my possession. Can I take from it an amount equivalent to what they took from me?" Imam (as) said: "Take from them an amount equal to

faqih-3698Vol. 3, p. 187-188

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي دَفَعْتُ إِلَى أَخِي جَعْفَرٍ مَالًا فَهُوَ يُعْطِينِي مَا أُنْفِقُهُ وَ أَحُجُّ مِنْهُ وَ أَتَصَدَّقُ وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فَاسِدٌ لَا يَحِلُّ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْتَهِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى قَوْلِكَ فَقَالَ أَ كَانَ يَصِلُكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَكَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ خُذْ مِنْهُ مَا يُعْطِيكَ وَ كُلْ وَ اشْرَبْ وَ حُجَّ وَ تَصَدَّقْ

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I gave my brother Ja'far some money, and he gives me from it what I spend, perform Hajj with, and give in charity. I asked the people around us, and they said that this is invalid and not permissible. I wish to follow your guidance in this matter." Imam (as) said: "Did he use to give to yo

faqih-3701Vol. 3, p. 188

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ قَالَ إِنَّا نَسْتَقْرِضُ الْخُبْزَ مِنَ الْجِيرَانِ فَنَرُدُّ أَصْغَرَ مِنْهُ أَوْ أَكْبَرَ فَقَالَ ع نَحْنُ نَسْتَقْرِضُ الْجَوْزَ السِّتِّينَ وَ السَّبْعِينَ عَدَداً فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ الصَّغِيرَةُ وَ الْكَبِيرَةُ فَلَا بَأْسَ‌[4].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "Abdullah ibn Abi Ya'fur instructed me to ask you-when we borrow bread from our neighbors, we sometimes return it smaller or larger in size. Is this permissible?" Imam (as) said: "We borrow walnuts, sixty or seventy in number, and they may include small and large ones. There is no harm in t

faqih-3705Vol. 3, p. 189

إِذَا رَضِيَ بِهِ الْغُرَمَاءُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ الْمَيِّتِ.

Hadith.3711 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Salih Al-Thawri, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who dies while owing a debt, and a guarantor guarantees it for the creditors. Imam (as) said: "If the creditors are satisfied with him, then the deceased is absolved of liability."

faqih-3706Vol. 3, p. 189

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ دَيْناً عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَ قَدْ مَاتَ فَكَلَّمْنَاهُ أَنْ يُحَلِّلَهُ فَأَبَى قَالَ وَيْحَهُ أَ مَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ لَهُ بِكُلِّ دِرْهَمٍ عَشَرَةً إِذَا حَلَّلَهُ وَ إِذَا لَمْ يُحَلِّلْهُ فَإِنَّمَا لَهُ دِرْهَمٌ بَدَلَ دِرْهَمٍ‌[2].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "Abdur-Rahman ibn Sayabah has a debt owed to him by a man who has died. We spoke to him about forgiving it, but he refused." Imam (as) said: "Woe to him! Does he not know that for every dirham he forgives, he will receive ten in return? But if he does not forgive, then he will only receive

faqih-3707Vol. 3, p. 189

إِنِّي كَسَبْتُ مَالًا أَغْمَضْتُ فِي طَلَبِهِ حَلَالًا وَ حَرَاماً[3] فَقَدْ أَرَدْتُ التَّوْبَةَ وَ لَا أَدْرِي الْحَلَالَ مِنْهُ وَ لَا الْحَرَامَ فَقَدِ اخْتَلَطَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع أَخْرِجْ خُمُسَ مَالِكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ رَضِيَ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ بِالْخُمُسِ وَ سَائِرُ الْمَالِ كُلُّهُ لَكَ حَلَالٌ‌[4].

A man came to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and said: "I have earned wealth, but I was not careful in seeking it, whether it was lawful or unlawful. Now I wish to repent, but I do not know what portion of it is lawful and what is unlawful, as it has become mixed." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Take out one-fifth of

faqih-3708Vol. 3, p. 189-190

عَلِيٌّ ع‌[2] مَنْ أَقَرَّ لِأَخِيهِ فَهُوَ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمَالِ وَ لَا يَثْبُتُ نَسَبُهُ وَ إِذَا أَقَرَّ اثْنَانِ فَكَذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا عَدْلَيْنِ فَيُلْحَقُ نَسَبُهُ وَ يُضْرَبُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ مَعَهُمْ.

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled concerning a man who died and left heirs. One of the heirs acknowledged a debt against his father. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that it would be binding upon him in his share, according to what he inherited, and it would not apply to the entire estate. If two of the heirs acknowle

faqih-3709Vol. 3, p. 190-191

"لاَ يُخْرَجُ اَلرَّجُلُ عَنْ مَسْقَطِ رَأْسِهِ بِالدَّيْنِ اِرْفَعْهَا فَلاَ حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهَا وَ اَللَّهِ إِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ فِي وَقْتِي هَذَا إِلَى دِرْهَمٍ وَ مَا يَدْخُلُ مِلْكِي مِنْهَا دِرْهَمٌ".

Hadith.3715 - Ibrahim ibn Hashim narrated that Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) was a cloth merchant. He lost his wealth and became poor. A man owed him ten thousand dirhams. Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr sold his house, which he lived in, for ten thousand dirhams and brought the money to the debto

faqih-3710Vol. 3, p. 191

كَتَبَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى الرِّضَا ع‌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ إِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ أَسْقَطَ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ جَاءَ بِدَرَاهِمَ أَعْلَى مِنْ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ وَ فِي تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ الْأُولَى الْيَوْمَ وَضِيعَةٌ فَأَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ لِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي أَسْقَطَهَا السُّلْطَانُ أَوِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الَّتِي أَجَازَهَا السُّلْطَانُ فَكَتَبَ لَكَ ال

Hadith.3716 - Yunus ibn Abdul Rahman wrote to Al-Ridha (as), saying: "I had ten dirhams owed to me by a man, but the ruler invalidated those dirhams and introduced new dirhams that are higher in value than the previous ones. The earlier dirhams are now devalued. What is my right upon him-the original dirhams that the r