Expiation for Hunting Wild Animals in the State of al-’ Ihram

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and he kills an ostrich or a wild donkey. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay one badanah.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must feed sixty destitute people.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must fast for eighteen days and charity is one mud (a certain measurement) to every destitute person.’ I then asked about one who in the state of Ihram hunts a cow. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay one cow.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must feed thirty destitute people.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must fast nine days.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he hunts a deer?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must pay one sheep.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he cannot afford?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must feed ten destitute people and if he cannot afford this, he must fast three days.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn abu Najran and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Asem ibn Hamid from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A woman gives birth because of marriage in the form of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is his child.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad from Dawud al-Riqqiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who owes one badanah as obligatory ransom. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he cannot find one badanah, then it is seven sheep; and if he cannot afford then he must fast for eighteen days.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from and others who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘The water (seed) belongs to man, he can place it (lawfully) wherever he wants, except that when the child comes he cannot deny him,’ and he (the Imam) placed great stress against denying the child.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “This is about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . or equivalent of it fasting.’ (5:95) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The offering animal is evaluated with food stuff, then for every mud (a certain measurement) he fasts one day. If the number of mud (a certain measurement) is above the number of days in two months, more than two months fasting is not obligatory on him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from al-Mukhtar ibn Muhammad al-Mukhtar Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan all from al-Fath ibn Yazid who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the conditions of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage). He (the Imam) said, ‘Of the conditions in it is setting up an appointed time and the amount of mahr (dower), if she agreed it then is lawful. You must not say as it is reported to me that people of Iraq say, “Water is mine and land is your land and I do not water your land except that if anything grows there it belongs to the owner of the land.” In such case, where there are two conditions (responsibility for the child and denying the child) in one condition, it is invalid. If she is granted a child he must accept him and the issue is clear. If anyone wants to commit fraud against his soul he does it.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn all from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who kills an ostrich. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one badanah of camel.’ I then asked about wild donkey. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one badanah.’ I then asked about a cow. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one cow.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “About a man who in the state of Ihram kills an ostrich, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must pay one badanah; if he cannot afford then he must feed sixty destitute people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the value of badanah is more than feeding sixty destitute people, it is not obligatory to feed more than sixty; if its value is less than the cost of feeding sixty destitute, he only owes the value of badanah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “About a man who hunts a deer, the arrow hits one of its front legs and it becomes lame. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the deer walks and grazes he must pay one-fourth of its value and if it goes away and no one knows what happened to it, he must pay the ransom because he does not know; perhaps it died.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who kills a fox. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one animal offering.’ I asked about his killing a rabbit. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is like what is for a fox.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr has narrated from abu al-Hassan (a.s.), the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and kills a rabbit or a fox. He (the Imam) said, ‘For a rabbit he owes one sheep.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ahmad ibn Ali from Misma’ who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The expiation for killing a Jerboa, a hedgehog and lizard is one goat. The goat is better but it is made obligatory on him as penalty for hunting.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub and certain persons of our people from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from abu ‘Ubaydah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this rule about the following case of hunting. ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills an animal and does not find anything at that place for its expiation, he must evaluate a head of the cattle in terms of dirham. He then must evaluate dirham in terms of foodstuff. He must give half of a Sa‘ (a certain measurement) to every destitute person; and if he cannot afford this also, then he must fast one day for every half Sa‘.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is involved in hunting matters of the egg of ostrich while in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must send male camel on female camel equal to the number of eggs affected.’ I then said, ‘Eggs may all become spoiled or all of them may hatch.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever the product is, as offering it must reach al- Ka‘bah; and if there is no product one does not owe anything. If one cannot find camels, then for every egg he must pay one sheep; and if one cannot find this also, then one must give charity to ten destitute people, one mud (a certain measurement) to each one and if one cannot afford this also then must fast three days.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ali ibn Ri’ab from abu ‘Ubayda who said: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.) about a man who buys ostrich eggs for someone who is in the state of Ihram and he (the man in the state of Ihram) eats it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one who bought it to the one in the state of Ihram owes ransom, and the one in the state of Ihram owes ransom.’ I then asked, ‘How much?‘ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Upon the person who is not in the state of Ihram is a penalty of the price of the eggs, for each egg being a Dirham; and upon the one in Ihram is the penalty, for each egg being a sheep.’” A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from abu ‘Ubaydah has narrated from a similar Hadith.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from ‘Isma‘il ibn Bazi’ from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from Yazid ibn ‘ Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram, when passing by takes hold of a deer, draws her milk and drinks it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes an animal offering as penalty to offer in al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Yahya ibn Mubarak, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Sama‘ah ibn Mehran from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram breaks the horn of a deer. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes a ransom.’ I then asked about his breaking one of its hand (front legs). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he breaks its hand and does not treat it to cure, he owes one sheep.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.