Prophethood

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ تَهَادَوْا بِالنَّبِقِ تَحْيَا الْمَوَدَّةُ وَ الْمُوَالاةُ[2].

‘You should exchange gifts of berries; it revives affection and friendship.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ تَهَادَوْا تَحَابُّوا تَهَادَوْا فَإِنَّهَا تَذْهَبُ بِالضَّغَائِنِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You should exchange gifts; you will find affection. You should exchange gifts; it removes malice.’”

أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَبِي فَقَالَ إِنِّي وَرِثْتُ مَالًا وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ الَّذِي وَرِثْتُهُ مِنْهُ قَدْ كَانَ يَرْبُو وَ قَدْ أَعْرِفُ أَنَّ فِيهِ رِبًا وَ أَسْتَيْقِنُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَيْسَ يَطِيبُ لِي حَلَالُهُ لِحَالِ عِلْمِي‌[5] فِيهِ وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ فَقَالُوا لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ بِأَنَّ فِيهِ مَالًا مَعْرُوفاً ر

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to my father and said, ‘I have inherited a certain amount of property and I knew the owner from whom I inherited received Raba’ and I know with certainty there is Riba’ in it and I do not feel happy to consume it because of my knowledge about it. I asked the scholar

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْبَى بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا مَا مَضَى فَلَهُ وَ لْيَتْرُكْهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ وَرِثْتُ مَالًا وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ كَانَ يَرْبُو وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ فَقَالَ أ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who received Riba’ in ignorance, then he wanted to stay away from Riba’. He (the Imam) said ’What is passed is for him and he must stay away in the coming times.’ He (the Imam) then said, ’Once a man visited abu Ja’far (a.s.), and sai

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ حَرْبِنَا رِبًا نَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَ نَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ وَ لَا نُعْطِيهِمْ.

2. Through the same chain of narrators as the previous one is the following Hadith: “The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘There is no Riba ’ between us and those in the state of war with us. We can receive a thousand dirham fro

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ بَاعَ وَ اشْتَرَى فَلْيَحْفَظْ خَمْسَ خِصَالٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا يَشْتَرِيَنَّ وَ لَا يَبِيعَنَّ الرِّبَا وَ الْحَلْفَ وَ كِتْمَانَ الْعَيْبِ وَ الْحَمْدَ إِذَا بَاعَ وَ الذَّمَّ إِذَا اشْتَرَى.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who buys and sells must not

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ بِالتِّجَارَةِ حَتَّى ضَمِنَ لَهُ إِقَالَةَ النَّادِمِ وَ إِنْظَارَ الْمُعْسِرِ وَ أَخْذَ الْحَقِّ وَافِياً وَ غَيْرَ وَافٍ.

“He (the Imam) has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did not give permission to Hakim ibn Hizam for business until the later promised to settle the price with a buyer who is regretful about the transaction, extend the time of

جَاءَتْ زَيْنَبُ الْعَطَّارَةُ الْحَوْلَاءُ إِلَى نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ص فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ص فَإِذَا هِيَ عِنْدَهُمْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِذَا أَتَيْتِنَا طَابَتْ بُيُوتُنَا فَقَالَتْ بُيُوتُكَ بِرِيحِكَ أَطْيَبُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا بِعْتِ فَأَحْسِنِي وَ لَا تَغُشِّي فَإِنَّهُ أَتْقَى لِلَّهِ وَ أَبْقَى لِلْمَالِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once Zaynab al-‘Attarah al-Hawla’ visited the wives of the Holy Prophet, and the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, also came home when she was with his wives. The Holy Prophet said, ‘When you visit our houses t

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ السَّمَاحَةُ مِنَ الرَّبَاحِ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِرَجُلٍ يُوصِيهِ وَ مَعَهُ سِلْعَةٌ يَبِيعُهَا.

‘Generosity is of profits.’ The Messenger of Allah said it to a man who had asked for good advice and who had certain merchandise that he wanted to sell.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ صَاحِبُ السِّلْعَةِ أَحَقُّ بِالسَّوْمِ‌[4].

The owner of merchandise is more rightful to set up the price for his merchandise.’”

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنِ السَّوْمِ مَا بَيْنَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ‌[5].

“He (the Imam) has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited bargaining between dawn and sunrise.”

كَانَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ فَقَدْ طَابَ مَكْسَبُهُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى لَمْ يَعِبْ وَ إِذَا بَاعَ لَمْ يَحْمَدْ وَ لَا يُدَلِّسُ وَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَحْلِفُ.

“One who has four things his earning is fine: When buying does not belittle the merchandise, when selling does not admire the merchandise, does not adulterate and in between does not swear.’””

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِرَجُلٍ يَبِيعُ التَّمْرَ يَا فُلَانُ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْ غَشَّهُمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to a man who sold dates, ‘O master so and so, do you know that one who cheats Muslims is not one of them?”’

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَنْ أَنْ يُشَابَ اللَّبَنُ بِالْمَاءِ لِلْبَيْعِ‌[3].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited mixing of milk with water to sell.’”

مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ص فِي سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَى طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا طَيِّباً وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ سِعْرِهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدُسَّ يَدَيْهِ فِي الطَّعَامِ‌[2] فَفَعَلَ فَأَخْرَجَ طَعَاماً رَدِيّاً فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ جَمَعْتَ خِيَانَةً وَ غِشّاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ‌[3].

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn Mahbub from abu Jamilah from Sa‘d al-Iskaf who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Once, in the market place of al-Madinah, the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ عَلَامَةُ رِضَا اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي خَلْقِهِ عَدْلُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ رُخْصُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ وَ عَلَامَةُ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَى خَلْقِهِ- جَوْرُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ غَلَاءُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Of the signs of happiness of Allah, most High, with His creatures is the existence of a just ruler and low prices. Of the signs of unhappiness of Allah,

نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَأَتَاهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ وَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ إِلَّا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ فَمُرْهُ يَبِيعُهُ النَّاسَ قَالَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا فُلَانُ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ الطَّعَامَ قَدْ نَفِدَ إِلَّا شَيْئاً عِنْدَكَ فَأَخْرِجْهُ وَ بِعْهُ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ وَ لَا تَحْبِسْهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once during the times of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, a severe shortage of food took place and the Muslims came to the Messenger of Allah saying, “O Messenger of Allah, food supplies are exhauste

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا عَمَلُكَ قُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ‌[2] وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ فَقَالَ يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What is your business?’ I replied, ‘It is selling wheat. At times business is good and sometimes it is not good so I hold selling.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What do people who visit you say about it?’ I replied, ‘They say, “He is a hoarder.’” He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does anyone e

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ الْجَالِبُ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ الْمُحْتَكِرُ مَلْعُونٌ.

the Messenger of Allah has said, ’One who supplies the market receives his sustenance and a hoarder is condemned.’”

شَكَا قَوْمٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص سُرْعَةَ نَفَادِ طَعَامِهِمْ فَقَالَ تَكِيلُونَ أَوْ تَهِيلُونَ قَالُوا نَهِيلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الْجِزَافَ قَالَ كِيلُوا وَ لَا تَهِيلُوا فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِلْبَرَكَةِ[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A people complained before the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, against quick depletion of their food supplies. He (the Holy Prophet), asked, ’Do you measure or just dump?’ They replied, ’We just dump, O Messe

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ كِيلُوا طَعَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي الطَّعَامِ الْمَكِيلِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Measure your food; blessings come with measured food.’”

شَكَا رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص الْحُرْفَةَ[1] فَقَالَ انْظُرْ بُيُوعاً فَاشْتَرِهَا ثُمَّ بِعْهَا فَمَا رَبِحْتَ فِيهِ فَالْزَمْهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man once complained before the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, against his deprivation. He (the Holy Prophet) said, ‘Consider selling. You must buy then sell. In whatever merchandise you find profit,

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا يَتَلَقَّى أَحَدُكُمْ تِجَارَةً خَارِجاً مِنَ الْمِصْرِ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ‌[2].

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers. One must not buy for the ones who are not present. Allah grants su

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا تَلَقَّ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ التَّلَقِّي قُلْتُ وَ مَا حَدُّ التَّلَقِّي قَالَ مَا دُونَ غَدْوَةٍ أَوْ رَوْحَةٍ قُلْتُ وَ كَمِ الْغَدْوَةُ وَ الرَّوْحَةُ قَالَ أَرْبَعُ فَرَاسِخَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ بِتَلَقٍّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers; the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited it.’ I then asked, ‘What are its limits?’ He (the Imam) replied,

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ.

“The buyer and the seller each has the choice to dismiss a contract before they depart each other. In a deal for animals it is for three days . 55 5 I then asked, ‘What happens if a man buys something from another man and leaves it with the seller to keep until his return with the purchase price ? 5 He (the Imam) said,

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Both buyer and seller, each one of them, has the choice to dismiss a deal before they depart each other; and in a deal for an animal the choice to retur

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِذَا التَّاجِرَانِ صَدَقَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فَإِذَا كَذَبَا وَ خَانَا لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَا فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ رَبِّ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ يَتَتَارَكَا[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the two business people speak the truth the transaction is a blessing for them; but if they speak lies and cheat, it does not become a blessing for them. They have the choice to keep or dismiss the transaction as long as they you must not depart each other. After they depart the wo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّطْبَةِ تُبَاعُ قِطْعَةً أَوْ قِطْعَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَ قِطَعَاتٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَ أَكْثَرْتُ السُّؤَالَ عَنْ أَشْبَاهِ هَذِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ اسْتِحْيَاءً مِنْ كَثْرَةِ مَا سَأَلْتُهُ وَ قَوْلِهِ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّ مَنْ يَلِينَا يُفْسِدُونَ عَلَيْنَا هَذَا كُلَّهُ فَقَالَ أَظُنُّهُمْ سَمِعُوا حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص

“I once asked abu Ja’far. ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Ratbah (a grass, cattle feed) which is sold in the form of one, two or three crops. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I asked many such questions and every time he (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. 5 I then said, ‘May Allah keep you well’ -

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ شِرَاءِ النَّخْلِ وَ الْكَرْمِ وَ الثِّمَارِ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَقُولُ إِنْ لَمْ يُخْرِجْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَخْرَجَ فِي قَابِلٍ وَ إِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ فِي سَنَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلَا تَشْتَرِهِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ فَإِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الثَّمَرَةَ الْمُسَمَّاةَ مِن

“Someone once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about buying dates, grapes and fruits of three or four years. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. He (the buyer) can say, “If fruits will not grow this year they will do so next year.” If you buy the fruits of one year only then you must not do so until they are ri

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي نَخْلًا بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَأَبِيعُهُ وَ أُسَمِّي الثَّمَنَ وَ أَسْتَثْنِي الْكُرَّ مِنَ التَّمْرِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ أَوِ الْعِذْقَ مِنَ النَّخْلِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ بَيْعُ السَّنَتَيْنِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ ذَا عِنْدَنَا عَظِيمٌ قَالَ أَمَّا إِنَّكَ إِنْ قُلْتَ ذَاكَ لَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَحَلَّ ذَلِكَ فَتَظَالَمُوا فَقَالَ ع

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I have palm tree fruits in Basrah. I sell them for a certain price excluding one Kur (a certain measurement) of the dates or more or the cluster of dates.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, wh

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلًا قَدْ لَقِحَ فَالثَّمَرَةُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِذَلِكَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one sells palm trees which are pollinated, the fruit then belongs to the seller unless the buyer has stipulated otherwise. This is how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, judged a case.’”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلًا قَدْ أَبَّرَهُ فَثَمَرَتُهُ‌[3] لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one sells palm trees which he has pollinated, its dates belong to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. Ali (a.s.), then said that this is how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their

تَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص لَا يَبِيعَنَّ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ أَنَّ الْفَوَاكِهَ وَ جَمِيعَ أَصْنَافِ الْغَلَّاتِ إِذَا حُمِلَتْ مِنَ الْقُرَى إِلَى السُّوقِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ أَهْلُ السُّوقِ لَهُمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ حَامِلُوهُ مِنَ الْقُرَى وَ السَّوَادِ فَأَمَّا مَنْ يَحْمِلُ مِنْ مَدِينَةٍ إِلَى مَدِينَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَجُوزُ وَ يَجْرِي مَجْرَى التِّجَارَةِ.

“The explanation of the words of the Holy Prophet, ‘People of the city must not sell to the people of countryside’ is that fruits and all kinds of grains which are transported from countryside to the market place, it (their sale) then is not permissible for the people of the market place to buy such items from them to

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّ ثَمَرَ النَّخْلِ لِلَّذِي أَبَّرَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had judged that the fruits of the palm trees pollinated belong to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.”’

قَالَ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى‌ أَنَّهُ قَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ خَصْماً لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا بَاعَنِي هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ عَلَى رَكَبِهَا[2] حِينَ كَشَفْتُهَا شَعْراً وَ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا قَطُّ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِنَّ النَّاسَ لَيَحْتَالُونَ لِهَذَا بِالْحِيَلِ حَتَّى يَذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَمَا الَّذِي كَرِهْتَ قَالَ أَيُّهَا الْقَاضِي إِنْ كَانَ عَيْباً فَاقْ

a man came to him claiming a slave-girl was sold to him, but he didn't find any pubic hair on her when he uncovered her, and she claimed she never had any. Ibn Abi Layla said to him, "People often deceive using such tricks until they get away with it. What is it that you disliked?". The man said, "Oh Qadhi (judge), if

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِسَبْيٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا الْجُحْفَةَ نَفِدَتْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ فَبَاعُوا جَارِيَةً مِنَ السَّبْيِ كَانَتْ أُمُّهَا مَعَهُمْ فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص سَمِعَ بُكَاءَهَا فَقَالَ مَا هَذِهِ الْبُكَاءُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَى نَفَقَةٍ فَبِعْنَا ابْنَتَهَا فَبَعَثَ بِثَمَنِهَا فَأُتِيَ بِهَا وَ قَالَ بِيعُوهُم

“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Once captives were brought to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, from Yemen. When they arrived at al-Juhfah, their supplies depleted and they sold one girl from the captives whose mother was with

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ الْقِرْدِ أَنْ تُشْتَرَى أَوْ تُبَاعَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited buying and selling of monkeys.’”

لَا يَصْلُحُ ثَمَنُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص رَاوِيَتَيْنِ مِنْ خَمْرٍ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَأُهَرِيقَتَا وَ قَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ شُرْبَهَا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ خِصَالِ هَذِهِ الَّتِي بَاعَهَا الْغُلَامُ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا[3].

“About the case of a man who has a slave whom he has left at a vineyard to sell grapes or juice, but the slave goes and squeezes wine and sells it, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’The price received is not useable.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Once a man from Thaqif presented to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فَاسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ سَبْعِينَ دِرْعاً بِأَطْرَاقِهَا[1] قَالَ فَقَالَ أَ غَصْباً يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص بَلْ عَارِيَّةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, sent a message to Safwan ibn ‘Umayyah asking him to borrow seventy pieces of coats of arms with their helmets. He asked, ‘Is it forcibly, O Muhammad?’ T

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الثَّنِيُّ فَيُعْطِي الرَّبَاعَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, whenever owing something to someone would pay back heavier.’”

كُنْتُ حَمَلْتُ مَعِي مَتَاعاً إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَبَارَ عَلَيَّ فَدَخَلْتُ بِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي حَمَلْتُ مَتَاعاً قَدْ بَارَ عَلَيَّ وَ قَدْ عَزَمْتُ عَلَى أَنْ أَصِيرَ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَأَرْكَبُ بَرّاً أَوْ بَحْراً فَقَالَ مِصْرُ الْحُتُوفِ يُقَيَّضُ‌[2] لَهَا أَقْصَرُ النَّاسِ أَعْمَاراً وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا أَجْمَلَ فِي الطَّلَبِ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ ثُمَّ ق

“I had carried goods with me to Makkah. I faced severe competition there so I went to visit abu al- Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), and told him (the Imam) that I had carried goods to Makkah but I faced competition and I decided to travel to Egypt. Should I travel by land or by sea? He (the Imam) said, ’Egypt is destructive.

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اخْتَارَ لِأَنْبِيَائِهِ الْحَرْثَ وَ الزَّرْعَ كَيْلَا يَكْرَهُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ قَطْرِ السَّمَاءِ.

“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has chosen farming and plantation for His prophets so that they will not dislike the drops falling from the sky.”’

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ أَرْزَاقَ أَنْبِيَائِهِ فِي الزَّرْعِ وَ الضَّرْعِ لِئَلَّا يَكْرَهُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ قَطْرِ السَّمَاءِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah has placed means of the sustenance of His prophets in agriculture and stock farming so that they will not dislike drops falling from the sky.’”

سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَيُّ الْمَالِ خَيْرٌ قَالَ الزَّرْعُ زَرَعَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَ أَصْلَحَهُ وَ أَدَّى حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ قَالَ فَأَيُّ الْمَالِ بَعْدَ الزَّرْعِ خَيْرٌ قَالَ رَجُلٌ فِي غَنَمٍ لَهُ قَدْ تَبِعَ بِهَا مَوَاضِعَ الْقَطْرِ يُقِيمُ‌ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَأَيُّ الْمَالِ بَعْدَ الْغَنَمِ خَيْرٌ قَالَ الْبَقَرُ تَغْدُو بِخَيْرٍ وَ تَرُوحُ بِخَيْرٍ قَالَ فَأَيُّ الْمَالِ بَعْدَ الْبَقَر

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah (sw) was asked, ‘Which assets (belongings) are good?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘A farm whose owner farms and maintains it, then pays the dues on it on the day of harvest.‘ He then asked, ‘What asset is better than farms?’ He (the Messenger of Allah)

مَرَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِنَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَ هُمْ يَحْرُثُونَ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ احْرُثُوا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ يُنْبِتُ اللَّهُ بِالرِّيحِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ بِالْمَطَرِ قَالَ فَحَرَثُوا فَجَادَتْ زُرُوعُهُمْ‌[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), once passed by a people of al-Ansar who were farming and he (the Imam) said to them, ‘Continue farming; the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “Allah causes it to grow by wind as He does so by water.’” The

أَنَّ أَبَاهُ ع حَدَّثَهُ‌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَعْطَى خَيْبَرَ بِالنِّصْفِ أَرْضَهَا وَ نَخْلَهَا فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَتِ الثَّمَرَةُ بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فَقَوَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قِيمَةً فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِمَّا أَنْ تَأْخُذُوهُ وَ تُعْطُونِي نِصْفَ الثَّمَنِ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ أُعْطِيَكُمْ نِصْفَ الثَّمَنِ وَ آخُذَهُ فَقَالُوا بِهَذَا[3] قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), informed me that his father (a.s.), has narrated that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, gave the land of Khaybar and its palm trees for half. When fruits ripened he (the Messenger of Allah) delegated ‘Abd Allah

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ تَرَكَهَا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ عَلَى النِّصْفِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَتِ الثَّمَرَةُ بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَخَرَصَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَجَاءُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ زَادَ عَلَيْنَا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ قَدْ خَرَصْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا يَأ

‘When the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, liberated Khaybar he left it in their hand for half. When fruits ripened he (the Messenger of Allah) delegated ‘Abd Allah ibn Rawahah who estimated the value and they came to the Holy Prophet, and said

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ فَيَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى الرَّجُلِ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمُرَهَا وَ يُصْلِحَهَا وَ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ أَرْضَهُ وَ فِيهَا رُمَّانٌ أَوْ نَخْلٌ أَوْ فَاكِهَةٌ فَيَقُولُ اسْقِ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَ اعْمُرْهُ وَ لَكَ نِصْفُ مَا أُخْرِجَ قَالَ لَا

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a land of al-Kharaj (of government) which he had given to a man to develop, pay its taxes and the extra of its produce were to be shared by the two of them. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَ الْمُزَابَنَةِ[2] قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ حَمْلَ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَ الزَّرْعَ بِالْحِنْطَةِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited al- Muhaqalah and al-Muzabanah .’ I then asked, ‘What are they?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is selling what a palm tree has just conceived in exchange for

رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْعَرَايَا بِأَنْ تُشْتَرَى بِخِرْصِهَا تَمْراً وَ قَالَ الْعَرَايَا جَمْعُ عَرِيَّةٍ وَ هِيَ النَّخْلَةُ تَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ فِي دَارِ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَيَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخِرْصِهَا تَمْراً وَ لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِهِ.

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, granted permission for the sale of al-‘Ara’ya ’ by estimating it as dates. Al-‘Ara’ya’ is a palm tree that belongs to someone but it is in other person’s house, in