Oneness of Allah

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الِاسْتِطَاعَةِ فَلَمْ يُجِبْنِي فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ دَخْلَةً أُخْرَى فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي مِنْهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ لَا يُخْرِجُهُ إِلَّا شَيْ‌ءٌ أَسْمَعُهُ مِنْكَ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَضُرُّكَ مَا كَانَ فِي قَلْبِكَ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنِّي أَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يُكَلِّفِ الْعِبَادَ مَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ وَ لَمْ يُ

“Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about capability but he did not reply. In another meeting I said, ‘May Allah keep you well, something happens to my heart that will not go away until I will get an answer from you.’ The Imam said, ‘What is in your heart will not harm you.’ I said, ‘May Allah keep you well. I say tha

إِنَ‌ اللَّهَ احْتَجَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِمَا آتَاهُمْ وَ عَرَّفَهُمْ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“Allah has justified His holding people accountable with what He has made known and sent to them.” solid Muhammad ibn Isma’Il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamyl ibn Durraj a similar Hadith.

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْمَعْرِفَةُ مِنْ صُنْعِ مَنْ هِيَ قَالَ مِنْ صُنْعِ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ لِلْعِبَادِ فِيهَا صُنْعٌ.

"Who is responsible for granting ma'rifa (a profound understanding of religion)?" He said: "It is the doing of Allah, and the servants have no role in it (without the intervention of Allah)."

حَتَّى يُعَرِّفَهُمْ مَا يُرْضِيهِ وَ مَا يُسْخِطُهُ وَ قَالَ‌ فَأَلْهَمَها فُجُورَها وَ تَقْواها قَالَ بَيَّنَ لَهَا مَا تَأْتِي وَ مَا تَتْرُكُ وَ قَالَ‌ إِنَّا هَدَيْناهُ السَّبِيلَ‌ إِمَّا شاكِراً وَ إِمَّا كَفُوراً قَالَ عَرَّفْنَاهُ إِمَّا آخِذٌ وَ إِمَّا تَارِكٌ وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ‌ وَ أَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْناهُمْ‌ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمى‌ عَلَى الْهُدى‌ قَالَ عَرَّفْنَاهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمَى عَلَى الْهُدَى

The Imam (a.s.), said, ‘It (means of piety) means before giving the knowledge of what He is pleased with and what He is displeased with.’ The Imam (a.s.), said the words of Allah ‘. . . and inspired it with knowledge of evil and piety,’ (91:8) convey that He has explained what people must do and what they must not do.

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ هَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ‌ قَالَ نَجْدَ الْخَيْرِ وَ الشَّرِّ.

“Once I asked the Imam (a.s.), about the words of Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, ‘Have We not shown him the ways of ‘al-Najdayn’ ?’ (90:10) The Imam said, ‘al-Najdayn’ means the ways of good and evil.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ هَلْ جُعِلَ فِي النَّاسِ أَدَاةٌ يَنَالُونَ بِهَا الْمَعْرِفَةَ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَهَلْ كُلِّفُوا الْمَعْرِفَةَ قَالَ لَا عَلَى اللَّهِ الْبَيَانُ- لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلَّا وُسْعَها وَ لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلَّا ما آتاها قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ‌ وَ ما كانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْماً بَعْدَ إِذْ هَداهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ما

“Once I said to (Imam) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ’May Allah keep you well, Has Allah placed a means in people to know?’ He replied, ‘No, He has not done so.’ I asked, ‘Will He hold them responsible for knowing?’ He said, ‘No, because it is for Allah to explain.’ ‘Allah does not impose on any soul a responsibility beyond i

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُنْعِمْ عَلَى عَبْدٍ نِعْمَةً إِلَّا وَ قَدْ أَلْزَمَهُ فِيهَا الْحُجَّةَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلَهُ قَوِيّاً فَحُجَّتُهُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِيَامُ بِمَا كَلَّفَهُ وَ احْتِمَالُ مَنْ هُوَ دُونَهُ مِمَّنْ هُوَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُ وَ مَنْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلَهُ مُوَسَّعاً عَلَيْهِ- فَحُجَّتُهُ عَلَيْهِ مَالُهُ ثُمَّ تَعَاهُدُهُ الْفُقَرَاءَ بَعْدُ بِنَوَافِلِهِ- وَ مَنْ م

“Allah has not granted any bounties to a person without holding him justifiably responsible for them. He gives them bounties and gives them power, which justifies His holding them responsible for their duties. He gives smaller degrees of responsibilities to those who are of lesser degrees of capabilities. One who has r

سِتَّةُ أَشْيَاءَ لَيْسَ لِلْعِبَادِ فِيهَا صُنْعٌ الْمَعْرِفَةُ وَ الْجَهْلُ وَ الرِّضَا وَ الْغَضَبُ وَ النَّوْمُ وَ الْيَقَظَةُ.

“There are six things in which the people have no doing. They are knowing, ignorance, contentment, anger, sleeping and waking up.”

لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ أَنْ يَعْرِفُوا وَ لِلْخَلْقِ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهُمْ وَ لِلَّهِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ إِذَا عَرَّفَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا.

“People are not accountable before Allah to know. It is up to Allah to make them know. Once Allah makes them know then people are responsible for accepting (their duties).”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ شَيْئاً- هَلْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ لَا.

“Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘If a person does not know, will he be held responsible?’ He said, ‘No, he will not be held responsible.’”

مَا حَجَبَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْعِبَادِ فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ عَنْهُمْ.

“Whatever Allah has kept hidden from people they will not be held responsible for it.”

قَالَ لِي اكْتُبْ فَأَمْلَى عَلَيَّ إِنَّ مِنْ قَوْلِنَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْتَجُّ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ بِمَا آتَاهُمْ وَ عَرَّفَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولًا وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْكِتَابَ فَأَمَرَ فِيهِ وَ نَهَى أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ فَنَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ أَنَا أُنِيمُكَ وَ أَنَا أُوقِظُكَ‌ فَإِذَا قُمْتَ فَصَلِّ لِيَعْلَمُوا إِذَا أَصَابَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ يَصْن

“Once Imam abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to me, ‘Write down.’ He dictated to me the following. ‘It is of our Hadith that Allah will, justifiably, hold people accountable for what He has given and made known to them. Allah then sent His messenger to them and sent down books upon them in which He has commanded and prohibit

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ يَا ثَابِتُ مَا لَكُمْ وَ لِلنَّاسِ كُفُّوا عَنِ النَّاسِ وَ لَا تَدْعُوا أَحَداً إِلَى أَمْرِكُمْ فَوَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ أَهْلَ الْأَرَضِينَ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَهْدُوا عَبْداً يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ ضَلَالَتَهُ مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَهْدُوهُ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ أَهْلَ الْأَرَضِينَ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يُضِلُّوا عَبْداً يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ هِ

“Once, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘O Thabit, why do you bother about people? Leave them alone and do not call anyone to accept your belief (the belief of the Shi’a Muslims). I swear by Allah that even if all the people in the heavens and earth come together to guide a person whom Allah wants not to guide they will ne

قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا أَرَادَ بِعَبْدٍ خَيْراً- نَكَتَ فِي قَلْبِهِ نُكْتَةً مِنْ نُورٍ وَ فَتَحَ مَسَامِعَ قَلْبِهِ وَ وَكَّلَ بِهِ مَلَكاً يُسَدِّدُهُ وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ بِعَبْدٍ سُوءاً نَكَتَ فِي قَلْبِهِ نُكْتَةً سَوْدَاءَ وَ سَدَّ مَسَامِعَ قَلْبِهِ وَ وَكَّلَ بِهِ شَيْطَاناً يُضِلُّهُ ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَمَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُ‌ يَشْرَحْ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلامِ‌ وَ مَنْ يُر

“When Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, wants good for a person He places a point of light in his heart and opens the ears of his heart and assigns an angel to support him. When He wants bad fortune for a person He places a dark black spot in his heart, closes the ears of his heart and assigns a Satan to mislead him

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ اجْعَلُوا أَمْرَكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَ لَا تَجْعَلُوهُ لِلنَّاسِ فَإِنَّهُ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ لِلَّهِ وَ مَا كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَصْعَدُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ لَا تُخَاصِمُوا النَّاسَ لِدِينِكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْمُخَاصَمَةَ مَمْرَضَةٌ لِلْقَلْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ص‌ إِنَّكَ لا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ‌ وَ لكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ وَ قَالَ‌ أَ فَأَنْتَ ت

“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Leave your affairs to Allah and do not leave them to the people. Whatever is for Allah it is for Him. Whatever is for people it will not rise up to Allah. Do not quarrel with people about your belief; quarrelling sickens the heart. Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, said to Hi

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع نَدْعُو النَّاسَ إِلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ فَقَالَ لَا يَا فُضَيْلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَرَادَ بِعَبْدٍ خَيْراً أَمَرَ مَلَكاً فَأَخَذَ بِعُنُقِهِ فَأَدْخَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ طَائِعاً أَوْ كَارِهاً[1].

Abu Ali al-Ash‘ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Marwan from Fudayl ibn Yasar the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Can we invite people to this belief (the belief of the Shi’a Muslims)?’ He said, ‘No, do not invite them, O Fudayl. When Allah wants

قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّمَا يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ اللَّهَ فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَا يَعْرِفُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّمَا يَعْبُدُهُ هَكَذَا ضَلَالًا[1] قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَمَا مَعْرِفَةُ اللَّهِ قَالَ تَصْدِيقُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ تَصْدِيقُ رَسُولِهِ ص وَ مُوَالاةُ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ الِائْتِمَامُ بِهِ وَ بِأَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى ع وَ الْبَرَاءَةُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ هَكَذَا يُعْرَفُ اللَّ

“Only those who know Allah worship Him. Those who do not know Allah they worship Him just like that in misguidance.” I then asked, may Allah take my soul in service for your cause, what the knowledge about Allah?” The Imam (a.s.) said, “Knowledge about Allah means is to acknowledge the existence of Allah, the Most Holy

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْأَئِمَّةِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِمَاماً ثُمَّ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ ع إِمَاماً ثُمَّ كَانَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع إِمَاماً ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ إِمَاماً ثُمَّ كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ إِمَاماً مَنْ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ مَعْرِفَةَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ مَعْرِفَةَ رَسُولِهِ ص ثُمَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ ثُمَّ أَنْتَ‌[3

“I asked abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) about the Imams after the Holy Prophet (s.a.).” The Imam (a.s.) said, “Amir al-Mu’minin (Ali) (a.s.) was the Imam. Then al-Hassan (a.s.) was the Imam. Then al-Husayn (a.s.) was the Imam. Then Ali ibn Al-Husayn (a.s.) was the Imam. Then Muhammad ibn Ali (a.s.) was the Imam. One who would de

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ نَحْنُ وُلَاةُ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَ خَزَنَةُ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ وَ عَيْبَةُ وَحْيِ اللَّهِ‌[1].

“We are the ones who has said the following possess Divine authority of the command of Allah, we are the treasury of the knowledge of Allah and the repository of the revelations of Allah.”

قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا أَنْتُمْ قَالَ نَحْنُ خُزَّانُ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ تَرَاجِمَةُ وَحْيِ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ الْحُجَّةُ الْبَالِغَةُ عَلَى مَنْ دُونَ السَّمَاءِ وَ مَنْ فَوْقَ الْأَرْضِ.

“may Allah take my soul in service for your cause, what are you?” The Imam (a.s.) said, “We are the treasurers of the knowledge of Allah. We are the translators of the revelations of Allah. We possess complete Divine authority over all that is under the heavens and those above the earth.”

قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ- فِيها يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ‌ يَقُولُ يَنْزِلُ فِيهَا كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ وَ الْمُحْكَمُ لَيْسَ بِشَيْئَيْنِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَاحِدٌ فَمَنْ حَكَمَ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافٌ فَحُكْمُهُ مِنْ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ حَكَمَ بِأَمْرٍ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافٌ فَرَأَى أَنَّهُ مُصِيبٌ فَقَدْ حَكَمَ بِحُكْمِ الطَّاغُوتِ إِنَّهُ لَيَنْزِلُ فِي لَيْلَة

3. Through the same chain of narrators it is narrated from abu Ja‘far (a.s.) who has said the following. “Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, has said about the Night of Determination, “. . every absolute command coming from Us becomes distinguishable.” (44:4) He has said that absolute and strong command. Absolute and

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ قَوْماً يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّكُمْ آلِهَةٌ- يَتْلُونَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَيْنَا قُرْآناً- وَ هُوَ الَّذِي فِي السَّماءِ إِلهٌ وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلهٌ‌[2] فَقَالَ يَا سَدِيرُ سَمْعِي وَ بَصَرِي وَ بَشَرِي وَ لَحْمِي وَ دَمِي وَ شَعْرِي مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ بِرَاءٌ وَ بَرِئَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ مَا هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى دِينِي وَ لَا عَلَى دِينِ آبَائِي وَ اللَّهِ لَا يَجْمَعُنِي اللَّهُ وَ إِيَّاهُمْ يَوْمَ

6.Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqi from abu Talib from Sadir who has said that he asked abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) the following. “A certain group of people believe that you are gods. They read to us from the Quran about it. And it is He Who in heaven is God and in earth is God.” [43:84]

إِنَّ الْإِمَامَةَ عَهْدٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَعْهُودٌ لِرِجَالٍ مُسَمَّيْنَ لَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَزْوِيَهَا عَنِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى دَاوُدَ ع أَنِ اتَّخِذْ وَصِيّاً مِنْ أَهْلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِي أَنْ لَا أَبْعَثَ نَبِيّاً إِلَّا وَ لَهُ وَصِيٌّ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ كَانَ لِدَاوُدَ ع أَوْلَادٌ عِدَّةٌ وَ فِيهِمْ غُلَامٌ كَانَتْ أُ

“Imamat (leadership with Divine authority) is a covenant from Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, pledged to particularly known man. The Imam does not have the right to divert it from the succeeding Imam. Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, sent inspiration to David to appoint the executor of his will from among your

قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ اذْهَبْ بِنَا إِلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ فَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدْ رَكِبَ دَابَّتَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ سُفْيَانُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدِّثْنَا بِحَدِيثِ خُطْبَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ قَالَ دَعْنِي حَتَّى أَذْهَبَ فِي حَاجَتِي فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَكِبْتُ فَإِذَا جِئْتُ حَدَّثْتُكَ فَقَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ بِقَرَابَتِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا حَ

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The sermon of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) in Masjid al-Khayf: 'May God brighten the face of a servant who hears my words, retains them, and conveys them to those who did not hear them. O people, let the one who is present convey to th

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى- قُلْ إِنَّما أَعِظُكُمْ بِواحِدَةٍ[2] فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَعِظُكُمْ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ع هِيَ الْوَاحِدَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى‌ إِنَّما أَعِظُكُمْ بِواحِدَةٍ.

“I asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Most High. “Say, ‘I advise you to believe only in One God . .” (34:46) The Imam (a.s.) said that Allah has said, “I advise you to acknowledge Imam Ali’s Leadership with Divine Authority. It is the one that Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, has called, “‘I advi

ذلِكُمْ‌ بِأَنَّهُ إِذا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ‌ وَ أَهْلُ الْوَلَايَةِ كَفَرْتُمْ‌[6].

about the words of Allah. “. .Your suffering is only because you disbelieved when One God (and the people who possess Leadership with Divine Authority were) was mentioned. .” (40:12)”

لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص بِأَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ سَبَقْتَ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ وَ أَنْتَ بُعِثْتَ آخِرَهُمْ وَ خَاتَمَهُمْ قَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِرَبِّي وَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَجَابَ حِينَ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ‌ مِيثاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ‌ وَ أَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلى‌ أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَ لَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قالُوا بَلى‌ فَكُنْتُ أَنَا أَوَّلَ نَبِيٍّ قَالَ بَلَى فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ بِالْإِقْرَارِ بِاللَّهِ.

“Certain persons from Quraysh asked the Messenger of Allah, ‘By what means did you excel the prophets and you were sent as the last of them as their seal?” The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, “I was the first to believe in my Lord, and the first to answer Allah when He called the prophets to make a covenant and bear tes

كُلُّنَا قَائِمٌ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَاحِدٌ بَعْدَ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ صَاحِبُ السَّيْفِ فَإِذَا جَاءَ صَاحِبُ السَّيْفِ جَاءَ بِأَمْرٍ غَيْرِ الَّذِي كَانَ.

“He said, when he was asked about Al-Qa’im, “We all Al-Qa’im ((the one who will rise with Divine Authority) with the command of Allah one after the other until the time when the owner of the sword will rise. When the owner of the sword will rise he will rise with the command other than what it was.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْعَنْبَرِ وَ غَوْصِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ فَقَالَ ع عَلَيْهِ الْخُمُسُ‌[3]. كَمَلَ الْجُزْءُ الثَّانِي مِنْ كِتَابِ الْحُجَّةِ مِنْ كِتَابِ الْكَافِي وَ يَتْلُوهُ كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ وَ الْكُفْرِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ الطَّاهِرِينَ. (تنبيه) [في توضيح حديث احتجاج الصادق عليه السّلام على الزّنديق الذي وعدناه توضيحه في ص

قُلْتُ‌ فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ‌ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْها[1] قَالَ التَّوْحِيدُ.

“I asked ( the Imam) about the words of Allah, ‘. . . the invention of Allah (had a certain) nature with which He created all people. . . .’ (30:30) The Imam (a.s.) said, ‘It (invention, Fitrat) refers to belief in Oneness of Allah (belief in Allah only is placed in their nature).”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْها مَا تِلْكَ الْفِطْرَةُ قَالَ هِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَطَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ حِينَ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ قَالَ‌ أَ لَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ‌[2] وَ فِيهِ الْمُؤْمِنُ وَ الْكَافِرُ.

“I asked him about the words of Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, ‘The invention of Allah (had a certain) nature with which He created all people. . . .’ (30:30) What is that creation (and nature)? The Imam said, ‘It is al-Islam. Allah created them with such nature at the time He made a covenant with them to believe i

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْها قَالَ فَطَرَهُمْ جَمِيعاً عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ.

“Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, ‘. . . the creation (and invention) of Allah (had a certain) nature with which He created all people. . . .’ (30:30) The Imam said, ‘He created them and placed belief in Oneness of Allah in the nature of every one of them.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- حُنَفاءَ لِلَّهِ‌ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ‌[3] قَالَ الْحَنِيفِيَّةُ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ اللَّهُ‌ النَّاسَ عَلَيْها لا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ‌- قَالَ فَطَرَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِهِ قَالَ زُرَارَةُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ إِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَ أَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلى‌ أَنْفُسِهِمْ

“I asked him (a.s.) about the words of Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, ‘They are humble before Allah and they do not consider anything as partners of Allah.’ The Imam said, ‘Humbleness comes from the nature with which Allah has created all people and there is no change in the creation of Allah.’ The Imam also said,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَعْطَى مُحَمَّداً ص شَرَائِعَ نُوحٍ وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ مُوسَى وَ عِيسَى ع التَّوْحِيدَ وَ الْإِخْلَاصَ وَ خَلْعَ الْأَنْدَادِ وَ الْفِطْرَةَ الْحَنِيفِيَّةَ السَّمْحَةَ وَ لَا رَهْبَانِيَّةَ وَ لَا سِيَاحَةَ أَحَلَّ فِيهَا الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَ حَرَّمَ فِيهَا الْخَبَائِثَ وَ وَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَ الْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الصَّلَاةَ

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr. And a number of our people from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi from Muhammad ibn Marwan all of them have narrated from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from those whom he has mentioned from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) wh

وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِهِ وَ الَّذِي‌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا أُعْطِيَ مُؤْمِنٌ قَطُّ خَيْرَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا بِحُسْنِ ظَنِّهِ بِاللَّهِ وَ رَجَائِهِ لَهُ وَ حُسْنِ خُلُقِهِ وَ الْكَفِّ عَنِ اغْتِيَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ مُؤْمِناً بَعْدَ التَّوْبَةِ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ إِلَّا بِسُوءِ ظَنِّ

2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Jamil ibn Salih from Burayd ibn Mu’awiyah from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “We have found in the book of Ali (a.s.) that the Messenger of Allah said from the pulpit, ‘I swear by the One besides Whom no one else deserves to be worshipped, a believer never receives any go

ثَلَاثٌ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِ عِلْمُهُ بِاللَّهِ وَ مَنْ يُحِبُّ وَ مَنْ يُبْغِضُ‌[4].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Three things are of the signs of a believer: His knowledge of Allah, who to love and who to hate.’”

لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَحَبَّ رَجُلًا لِلَّهِ لَأَثَابَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى حُبِّهِ إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْمَحْبُوبُ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَبْغَضَ رَجُلًا لِلَّهِ لَأَثَابَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى بُغْضِهِ إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْمُبْغَضُ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ[1].

“If a man loves another man just for the sake of Allah, Allah will give him good rewards for his loving him, even if that man is of the people of the fire, in the knowledge of Allah. If a man hates another man just for the sake of Allah, Allah will give him good reward for his hating him, even if that man is of the peo

سُئِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ مَا مِنْ عَمَلٍ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ مَعْرِفَةِ رَسُولِهِ ص أَفْضَلَ مِنْ بُغْضِ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنَّ لِذَلِكَ لَشُعَباً كَثِيرَةً[5] وَ لِلْمَعَاصِي شُعَباً فَأَوَّلُ مَا عُصِيَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْكِبْرُ وَ هِيَ مَعْصِيَةُ إِبْلِيسَ حِينَ‌ أَبى‌ وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَ كانَ مِنَ الْكافِرِينَ‌ وَ الْحِرْصُ

“Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.) was asked, ‘Which deed is more meritorious in the sight of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy?’ The Imam said, ‘No deed, after knowing Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, and the Messenger of Allah is more meritorious than to dislike (and hate) the world. It has many branches. Sins h

إِنِّي لَأَتَعَشَّى مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذْ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- بَلِ الْإِنْسانُ عَلى‌ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ وَ لَوْ أَلْقى‌ مَعاذِيرَهُ‌[3] يَا أَبَا حَفْصٍ مَا يَصْنَعُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يَتَقَرَّبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ‌[4] عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِخِلَافِ مَا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَسَرَّ سَرِيرَةً رَدَّاهُ اللَّهُ رِدَاءَهَا[5] إِنْ خَيْراً فَخَيْرٌ وَ إِنْ شَرّاً فَشَرٌّ

“Once I was having dinner with Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and he read this verse of the Holy Quran: ‘In fact, people are well-aware of their own soul (75:14) even though they make excuses.’ (75:15) The Imam said, ‘O abu Hafs, why should a human being seek closeness (by the form of the deed) to Allah, the Most Majestic, the M

إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ كَانُوا يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ مِنْهُمْ- وَ كَانَ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مَا فِي نَفْسِهِ بِالْحَمِيَّةِ وَ الْغَضَبِ فَقَالَ‌ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نارٍ وَ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ‌.

“The angels thought that Satan was one of them. In the knowledge of Allah he was not one of them. He (Satan) let out that which was in his soul with racist feelings and anger saying, ‘You have created me from fire and You created him from clay.’”

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص سَنَّ فِي الْحَائِضِ ثَلَاثَ سُنَنٍ بَيَّنَ فِيهَا كُلَّ مُشْكِلٍ لِمَنْ سَمِعَهَا وَ فَهِمَهَا حَتَّى لَا[3] يَدَعَ لِأَحَدٍ مَقَالًا فِيهِ بِالرَّأْيِ أَمَّا إِحْدَى السُّنَنِ فَالْحَائِضُ الَّتِي لَهَا أَيَّامٌ مَعْلُومَةٌ قَدْ أَحْصَتْهَا بِلَا اخْتِلَاطٍ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ اسْتَحَاضَتْ وَ اسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا الدَّمُ وَ هِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَعْرِفُ أَيَّامَهَا وَ مَبْلَغَ عَدَدِهَا فَإِنَّ امْرَأَةً

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa have narrated from Yunus from more than one person who have said the following: “They asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about women experiencing Hayd (menses) and the tradition in his time. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah has established three tra

إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ جَمَعَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ أَجَّجَ لَهُمْ نَاراً وَ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَطْرَحُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِيهَا فَمَنْ كَانَ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّهُ سَعِيدٌ رَمَى بِنَفْسِهِ فِيهَا وَ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَرْداً وَ سَلَاماً وَ مَنْ كَانَ فِي عِلْمِهِ أَنَّهُ شَقِيٌّ امْتَنَعَ فَيَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ إِلَى النَّارِ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا رَبَّنَا تَأْمُرُ بِنَا إِلَى النَّارِ وَ لَمْ تُجْرِ عَ

“He (the Holy Prophet) was asked about the children and he replied, ‘On the Day of Judgment Allah will bring all of them together, light up for them a fire and command them to throw themselves in it. Those of them who are fortunate in the knowledge of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, throw themselves in the

كَانَ طُولُ حَائِطِ مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَامَةً فَكَانَ يَقُولُ ص لِبِلَالٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْوَقْتُ يَا بِلَالُ اعْلُ فَوْقَ الْجِدَارِ وَ ارْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ بِالْأَذَانِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ بِالْأَذَانِ رِيحاً تَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ إِذَا سَمِعُوا الْأَذَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا هَذِهِ أَصْوَاتُ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُو

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the height of the wall of the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah was equal to the height of a man. He, the Messenger of Allah would say to Bilal, ‘When time comes, O Bilal, climb on the wall and raise your voice with Adhan. Allah has assigned a wind to raise Adhan to the heaven and t

كَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مِنْ تَلَامِذَةِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فَانْحَرَفَ عَنِ التَّوْحِيدِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ تَرَكْتَ مَذْهَبَ صَاحِبِكَ وَ دَخَلْتَ فِيمَا لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ وَ لَا حَقِيقَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ صَاحِبِي كَانَ مِخْلَطاً كَانَ يَقُولُ طَوْراً بِالْقَدَرِ وَ طَوْراً بِالْجَبْرِ وَ مَا أَعْلَمُهُ اعْتَقَدَ مَذْهَباً دَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ مُتَمَرِّداً وَ إِنْكَاراً عَلَى مَنْ يَحُجُّ وَ كَانَ يَكْ

1. Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah has narrated from Muhammad ibn abu Yusr from Dawud ibn ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn ‘Amr ibn Muhammad from ‘Isa ibn Yunus who has said the following: “Ibn abu al-‘Awja’ was one of the pupils of al-Hassan al-Basriy. He deviated from the belief of Monotheism. It was said to him, ‘You have g

التَّلْبِيَةُ لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَ النِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَ الْمُلْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ ذَا الْمَعَارِجِ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ دَاعِياً إِلَى دَارِ السَّلَامِ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ غَفَّارَ الذُّنُوبِ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ أَهْلَ التَّلْبِيَةِ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ مَرْهُوباً وَ مَرْغُوباً إِلَيْكَ لَبَّيْ

“In Talbiyah (say): ‘Here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command, here I am, O Lord. Here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command, O You who has no partners, here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command. All praise belongs to You, all bounties are from You, as well as the Kingdom, You have no partners, here I am, O Lord, to obey You

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِذَا فَرَغْتَ مِنْ طَوَافِكَ فَائْتِ مَقَامَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ اجْعَلْهُ أَمَاماً[2] وَ اقْرَأْ فِي الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا- سُورَةَ التَّوْحِيدِ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ قُلْ يا أَيُّهَا الْكافِرُونَ‌ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْ وَ احْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنِ عَلَيْهِ وَ صَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص وَ اسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكَ وَ هَاتَانِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ هُمَ

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you complete your Tawaf, go to Maqam (sta

سُئِلَ أَبِي عَنْ إِتْيَانِ قَبْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقَالَ صَلُّوا فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ حَوْلَهُ وَ يُجْزِئُ فِي الْمَوَاضِعِ كُلِّهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ- السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ أَصْفِيَائِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى أُمَنَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ أَحِبَّائِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَنْصَارِ اللَّهِ وَ خُلَفَائِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مَحَالِّ مَعْرِفَةِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مَسَاكِنِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مُظَاهِرِي أَمْرِ

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Harun ibn Muslim from Ali ibn Hassan who has said the following: “Al-Rida, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘My father was asked about visiting the gravesite of al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and he said, ‘Perform salat (prayer) in the Masjids around his gravesit

دَخَلَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ص فَسَأَلُوهُ كَيْفَ الدَّعْوَةُ إِلَى الدِّينِ قَالَ تَقُولُ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَى دِينِهِ وَ جِمَاعُهُ أَمْرَانِ‌[1] أَحَدُهُمَا مَعْرِفَةُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الْآخَرُ الْعَمَلُ بِرِضْوَانِهِ وَ إِنَّ مَعْرِفَةَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُعْرَفَ بِالْوَحْدَانِيَّةِ وَ الرَّأْفَةِ

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from af-Qasim ibn Muhammad from af-Minqariy from Sufyan ibn ‘ Uyaynah from al- Zuhriy who has said the following: “Once a group of men of Quraysh came to see Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked him about how to call to religion. He (the Imam) replied, ‘You sho

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّا قَوْمٌ نَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ وَ الطَّرِيقُ بَعِيدٌ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ الْجَبَلِ فَرَاسِخُ فَنَشْتَرِي الْقَطِيعَ وَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَةَ وَ يَكُونُ فِي الْقَطِيعِ أَلْفٌ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ شَاةٍ وَ أَلْفٌ وَ سِتُّمِائَةِ شَاةٍ وَ أَلْفٌ وَ سَبْعُمِائَةِ شَاةٍ فَتَقَعُ الشَّاةُ وَ الِاثْنَتَانِ وَ الثَّلَاثَةُ فَنَسْأَلُ الرُّعَاةَ الَّذِينَ يَجِيئُونَ بِهَا عَنْ أَدْ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that we often meet a people from the mountains, the distance between us is quite far to the mountains by many Farsakh (a certain unit of measurement for distance). We buy one, two or three flocks and every flock numbers one thousand five hundred, one thousand six hundred or one th

مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَبِيّاً قَطُّ إِلَّا وَ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَكْمَلَ لَهُ دِينَهُ كَانَ فِيهِ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَمْ تَزَلِ الْخَمْرُ حَرَاماً إِنَّ الدِّينَ أَنَّمَا يُحَوَّلُ مِنْ خَصْلَةٍ إِلَى أُخْرَى فَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ جُمْلَةً قُطِعَ بِهِمْ دُونَ الدِّينِ.

’Every time Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sent a Prophet it was in the knowledge of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, that in the case of completing His religion wine must have been made unlawful. It had to remain unlawful, however, religion is to change the habits one after the other. Were such change to tak