سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ هَذِهِ الْحَمَامُ حَمَامُ الْحَرَمِ هِيَ مِنْ نَسْلِ حَمَامِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَهُ.
‘These pigeons -the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) - are of the offspring of the pigeon of Tsma‘il ibn Ibrahim, ‘Alayhima al-Salam, that belonged to him.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْحَمَامُ طَيْرٌ مِنْ طُيُورِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ع- الَّتِي كَانُوا يُمْسِكُونَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ وَ لَيْسَ مِنْ بَيْتٍ فِيهِ حَمَامٌ إِلَّا لَمْ تُصِبْ أَهْلَ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتِ آفَةٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ إِنَّ سُفَهَاءَ الْجِنِّ يَعْبَثُونَ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَيَعْبَثُونَ بِالْحَمَامِ وَ يَدَعُونَ النَّاسَ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ فِي بُيُوتِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حَمَاماً لِابْنِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that pigeons are of the birds of the Prophets, ‘Alayhim al- Salam, who kept them in their homes. Any home in which there is a pigeon, the people therein are not harmed by the dimwitted ones of Jinn who plays in the house, thus they play with the pigeons and leave the people alone.’ I t
سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ الزَّوْجِ مِنَ الْحَمَامِ يُفْرِخُ عِنْدَهُ يَتَزَوَّجُ الطَّيْرُ أُمَّهُ وَ ابْنَتَهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِمَا كَانَ بَيْنَ الْبَهَائِمِ.
“Once a man asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a pair of pigeons which hatched chicks with him; if a bird can mate a mother bird or daughter bird. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful with what is in animals.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الطَّيْرِ يُرْسَلُ مِنَ الْبَلَدِ الْبَعِيدِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَرَهُ قَطُّ فَيَأْتِي فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ عُذَافِرٍ هُوَ يَأْتِي مَنْزِلَ صَاحِبِهِ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ فَرْسَخاً عَلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ وَ حَسَبِهِ فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ فَرْسَخاً جَاءَتْ إِلَى أَرْبَابِهَا بِأَرْزَاقِهَا[1].
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a bird which is set free in a faraway area and the bird has never seen it but it comes back. He (the Imam) said, ‘O ibn ‘Udha’fir, birds can come to the house of its owner from a distance of thirty farsakh (90 miles) because of its knowledge and environment, but i
إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا بُدَّ مُتَّخِذاً فَاتَّخِذْ وَرَشَاناً فَإِنَّهُ كَثِيرُ الذِّكْرِ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), prohibited his son ’Isma’il from keeping al-Fakhtah (ring pigeon) and said if you must keep a bird, keep Warshan because it speaks of Allah, most Blessed, most High, very often.’”
أَهْدَيْتُ إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صُلْصُلًا فَدَخَلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَلَمَّا رَآهَا قَالَ هَذَا الطَّيْرَ الْمَشُومَ أَخْرِجُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ فَقَدْتُكُمْ فَقَدْتُكُمْ فَافْقِدُوهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْقِدَكُمْ.
“I once gave a Sulsul as a gift to Tsma’il, son of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), came in. When he (the Imam) saw it he said, ‘This bird is an unfortunate bird, so you must send it away. It says, ‘I have failed to find you, I have failed to find you.’ You must lose it before it fails to find you.”’
دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ اذْهَبْ بِنَا إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ نَعُودُهُ وَ كَانَ شَاكِياً فَقُمْنَا وَ دَخَلْنَا عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَإِذَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ فَاخِتَةٌ فِي قَفَصٍ تَصِيحُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا بُنَيَّ مَا يَدْعُوكَ إِلَى إِمْسَاكِ هَذِهِ الْفَاخِتَةِ أَ وَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا مَشُومَةٌ أَ وَ مَا تَدْرِي مَا تَقُولُ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ لَا قَالَ إِنّ
“I once visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he said to me, ‘O abu Muhammad, come with us to visit Tsma‘il because of his illness. We left to visit Tsma‘il and in his house we saw al-Fakhtah in a cage crying. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Son, what has made you to keep this al- Fakhtah? Did you not know that it is a misf
خَرَجَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَ ابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ كَانَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ مُسْلِماً وَ ابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ وَ كَانَ مَعَ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ خُرْجٌ لَهُ فِيهِ مَتَاعٌ وَ آنِيَةٌ مَنْقُوشَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ وَ قِلَادَةٌ أَخْرَجَهَا إِلَى بَعْضِ أَسْوَاقِ الْعَرَبِ لِلْبَيْعِ فَاعْتَلَّ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ عِلَّةً شَدِيدَةً فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْ
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his people in a marfu‘ manner has said the following: “Tamim al-Dariy, ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya once left for a journey. Tamim al-Dariy was a Muslim but ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya were Christians and they were with Tamim al-Dariy who had certain assets and utensils, which were decor
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَ يَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has children; if he can assign his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can place it wherever he wants until death comes upon him.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَ يَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a son; if he can give his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can do to it whatever he wants until death comes upon him.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ أَ يَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ إِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِمَالِهِ مَا شَاءَ مَا دَامَ حَيّاً إِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَإِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا الثُّلُثُ إِلَّا أَنَّ الْفَضْلَ فِي
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a son; if he can give his assets to his relatives. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are his assets, he can do to them whatever he wants until death comes upon him; the owner can do whatever he wants as long as he is alive. He can give it as a gift or charity
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَ وُلْدِهِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ نِسَاءَهُ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives preference to certain ones of his children. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so, and his women.’”
كَتَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع أَنَّ دُرَّةَ بِنْتَ مُقَاتِلٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ ضَيْعَةً أَشْقَاصاً[2] فِي مَوَاضِعَ وَ أَوْصَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا مِنْ أَشْقَاصِهَا بِمَا يَبْلُغُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَ نَحْنُ أَوْصِيَاؤُهَا وَ أَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ نُنْهِيَ إِلَى سَيِّدِنَا فَإِنْ هُوَ أَمَرَ بِإِمْضَاءِ الْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا أَمْضَيْنَاهَا وَ إِنْ أَمَرَ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ انْتَهَيْنَا
“Durrah, daughter of Muqatil has died. She has left assets and pieces of land in several places. She had made a will for her master of the pieces of land, which was more than one-third of her legacy. We are the executors of her will and like to ask our master if he commands to approve that will as it is, so we can also
قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهُ رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهُ امْرَأَةٌّأَ فَتُجْزِيهِ أَوْ أُعْتِقُ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِي قَالَ يُجْزِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ أُمَّ ابْنِي أَوْصَتْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهَا امْرَأَةً[2].
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘’Alqamah ibn Muhammad has made a will that I must set free a slave for him, and I set free for him a woman: if this is sufficient or must I set free for him from my own property.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient.’ He (the Imam) then said to me, ‘Fatimah, mother of my son, m
سَأَلَنِي رَجُلٌ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ لَمْ تَحُجَّ فَأَوْصَتْ أَنْ يُنْظَرَ قَدْرُ مَا يُحَجُّ بِهِ فَسُئِلَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَمْثَلَ أَنْ يُوضَعَ فِي فُقَرَاءِ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ وُضِعَ فِيهِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْحَجُّ 5 أَمْثَلَ حُجَّ عَنْهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا حَجَّةٌ مَفْرُوضَةٌ فَأَنْ يُنْفَقَ مَا أَوْصَتْ بِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man once asked me about a woman who died without performing al-Hajj but made a will about an amount which is sufficient for al-Hajj. He asked if it is better to spend it on the needy people from the descendents of Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, it will be done so; if performing al-Hajj
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ وَ غُلَامَانِ مَمْلُوكَانِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَنْتُمَا حُرَّانِ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَ اشْهَدَا أَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِ جَارِيَتِي هَذِهِ مِنِّي فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَاماً فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَ اسْتَرَقُّوهُمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَيْنِ أُعْتِقَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَشَهِدَا بَعْدَ مَا أُعْتِقَا أَنَّ مَوْلَاهُمَا الْأَ
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who on a journey was with a slave-girl and two slaves. He said to them, ‘You are free for the sake of Allah and bear witness that the child in the womb of the slave-girl is from me. She gave birth to a son. When they came back, the heir refused the will and
فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ جَارِيَةً أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْوَصِيُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ أَنَّهَا تُقَوَّمُ وَ تُسْتَسْعَى هِيَ وَ زَوْجُهَا فِي بَقِيَّةِ ثَمَنِهَا بَعْدَ مَا يُقَوَّمُ فَمَا أَصَابَ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ عِتْقٍ أَوْ رِقٍّ فَهُوَ يَجْرِي عَلَى وَلَدِهَا[2].
“This is about the case of a man who dies and leaves as his legacy a slave-girl whose one-third he sets free and the executor of the will marries her before the distribution of the legacy. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She is appraised, then with her husband both are made to work to pay for the remaining of her cos
كُنَّا عَلَى بَابِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ نَحْنُ جَمَاعَةٌ نَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِذْ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ أَيُّكُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا الْقَوْمُ مَا تُرِيدِينَ مِنْهُ قَالَتْ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا هَذَا فَقِيهُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَسَلِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَاقِي خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذْتُ صَد
“Once we were with abu Ja‘far (a.s.). We were in a group waiting for him (the Imam) to come out. A woman came and asked, ‘Which one of you is abu Ja‘far?’ The people asked, ‘What for are you asking for him?’ She replied, ‘I want to ask him about an issue.’ They said, ‘This is the jurist of the people of Iraq. You can a
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ وَ خَلَّفَ وُلْداً رِجَالًا وَ نِسَاءً وَ صِبْيَاناً فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِمَّا لِأَبِي عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِصَّتِي وَ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِمَّا لِإِخْوَتِي وَ أَخَوَاتِي وَ أَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِرِضَاهُمْ عَنْكَ قَالَ تَكُونُ فِي سَعَةٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ حِلٍّ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ قَالَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي عُنُقِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ر
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and I owe him a certain amount of money. He has left behind children, male, female, and smaller children. One of them once came to me and said, ‘You are free of the responsibility of what you owed to my father as much as my share is concerned and you
سَأَلَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ يَخْتَلِفُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ فَقُلْتُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى وَ تَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْناً كَثِيراً وَ تَرَكَ مَمَالِيكَ يُحِيطُ دَيْنُهُ بِأَثْمَانِهِمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَسَأَلَهُمَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ أَرَى أَنْ يَسْتَسْعِيَهُمْ فِي قِيمَتِهِمْ فَيَدْفَعَهَا إِلَى الْغُرَمَاءِ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘Is there a difference between ibn abu Layla’ and ibn Shubramah?’ I replied, ‘It has come to my knowledge that a Maxvla of ‘Isa ibn Musa died with a great deal of debts on him. He possessed a number of slaves whom he set free at the time of his death. Had the slaves been sold, suc
إِذَا بَلَغَ الْغُلَامُ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ فَأَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فِي حَقٍّ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ابْنَ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ فَأَوْصَى مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْيَسِيرِ فِي حَقٍّ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a boy becomes ten years old and makes a will about one-third of his assets for a right cause, his will is permissible; but when he is seven years old his will about only a small amount of assets is permissible.’”
نَسَخْتُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ بِخَطِّ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فُلَانٌ مَوْلَاكَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ أَخٍ لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَأَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفٍ هَلْ تَجُوزُ الْوَصِيَّةُ وَ هَلْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا عِتْقٌ وَ مَا حَالُهَا رَأْيُكَ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِي فَكَتَبَ ع تُعْتَقُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا الْوَصِيَّةُ.
“I once copied the following from a book with the handwriting of abu al-Hassan (a.s.). It said, ’So and so, your Maxvla’ (friend), has died leaving behind a son of his brother, a mother of his child who does not have a child but he has assigned in his will one thousand for her; if such will is lawful and if freedom app
كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ قَدْ جَعَلَ لَهَا شَيْئاً فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ لَهَا مَا أَثَابَهَا بِهِ سَيِّدُهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ مَعْرُوفٌ ذَلِكَ لَهَا تُقْبَلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَهَادَةُ الرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الْخَادِمِ غَيْرِ الْمُتَّهَمِينَ.
“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, before this abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who died and left behind a mother of child for whom he willed something in his lifetime, then died. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘She can have what her master had given her in his lifetime in an acceptable manner. The testimony of both ma
تُعْتَقُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا الْوَصِيَّةُ.
“About the case of the mother of a child, when her master dies who has made a will for her, abu al- Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘She becomes free in one-third and the will belongs to her.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا غُلَامٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَيِّتِ وَ تُعْطَى مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ. وَ- فِي كِتَابِ الْعَبَّاسِ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ نَصِيبِ ابْنِهَا وَ تُعْطَى مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a mother of a child from whom he had a boy; and at the time of his death, willed for her two thousand or more; if the heirs can keep her as a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot keep her as a slave. She becomes free in one-third of the le
لَا صَدَقَةَ وَ لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Giving charity or setting free a slave is not valid unless it is for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.”’
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا صَدَقَةَ وَ لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Giving charity or setting free a slave is not valid unless it is for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَةُ مُحْدَثَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَنْحَلُونَ وَ يَهَبُونَ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ أَعْطَى لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَيْئاً أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهِ قَالَ وَ مَا لَمْ يُعْطِ لِلَّهِ وَ فِي اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَرْجِعُ فِيهِ نِحْلَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ هِبَةً حِيزَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُحَزْ[2] وَ لَا يَرْجِعُ الرَّجُلُ فِيمَا يَهَبُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ لَا الْمَرْأَةُ فِيمَا تَهَبُ لِزَوْجِ
“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Charity has emerged newly. In the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, people would give gifts and presents. It is not proper for one who has given something to Allah, most Majestic, most Gloriou
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي صَدَقَتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ مُحْدَثَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ النُّحْلُ وَ الْهِبَةُ وَ لِمَنْ وَهَبَ أَوْ نَحَلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي هِبَتِهِ حِيزَ أَوْ لَمْ يُحَزْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ أَعْطَى [لِلَّهِ] شَيْئاً أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهِ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives charity; if he can take it back. He (the Imam) said, ‘Charity is new. There were gifts and grants. One who provides a gift or a grant is able to take back the grant or gift, regardless of whether the recipient has taken it in his possession or not;
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ بِصَدَقَةٍ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا الصَّدَقَةُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives charity (which is not obligatory) to his small children; if he can take it back. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because charity is for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ صَدَقَةِ مَا لَمْ تُقْسَمْ وَ لَمْ تُقْبَضْ فَقَالَ جَائِزَةٌ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ النَّاسُ النُّحْلَ فَأَخْطَئُوا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about charity which is not distributed or possessed by the recipient. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible (for the donor to use it); people had the intention to gift it but they made a mistake (in calling it a charity).”’
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدٍ قَدْ أَدْرَكُوا إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبِضُوا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَهُوَ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لِأَنَّ وَالِدَهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِي أَمْرَهُ وَ قَالَ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ إِذَا ابْتَغَى بِهَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَالَ الْهِبَةُ وَ النِّحْلَةُ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا إِنْ شَاءَ حِيزَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُحَزْ إِلَّا لِذِي رَحِمٍ
“This is about the case of a man who gives charity to his grown up (mature) children. They do not take possession until he dies. Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘It remains as part of the legacy; but if he gives it as charity to his small children, then it (giving such charity) is permissible; their father is the one who
إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتَ بِصَدَقَةٍ لَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَيْكَ وَ لَمْ تَشْتَرِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُورَثَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you give charity, then do not take it back or buy it back unless it comes back to you in the form of an inherited legacy.”’
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَجْعَلُ لِوُلْدِهِ شَيْئاً وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
“About the case of a man who gives something to his small children then he decides to make his other children share it with them, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ بِالْجَارِيَةِ ثُمَّ تُعْجِبُهُ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ فِي عِيَالِهِ أَ تَرَى أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا أَوْ يُقَوِّمَهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُشْهِدَ بِثَمَنِهَا عَلَيْهِ أَمْ يَدَعَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلَا يَعْرِضَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ- قَالَ يُقَوِّمُهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَ يَحْتَسِبُ بِثَمَنِهَا لَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ يَمَسُّهَا.
“This is about the case of a man who gives a slave-girl as charity to his small children. He then begins to like the slave-girl but the children are small as his dependents, if he can touch the slave-girl, or appraise her for a fair price, then make witnesses to bear testimony to his owing such price to his children, o
إِذَا كَانَتِ الْهِبَةُ قَائِمَةً بِعَيْنِهَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ وَ إِلَّا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the gift still exists as it was given, it can be taken back, otherwise, one cannot do so.’”
هِيَ عَلَيْكِ صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيُمْضِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَقُلْ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِيهَا[1].
“This is about the case of a man who has a slave-girl and his wife gives him trouble about her. Thus, he says, ‘She is charity for you.’ One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al- Salam, has said, ‘If he has done so for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, he must comply with what he
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَيَهَبُهَا لَهُ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا.
13. Muhammad ibn Tsma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another man owes a certain amount of dirham and he gives it as a gift to him (the indebted); if he can change
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ عَلَى حَمِيمٍ أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِنِ احْتَاجَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ حَمِيمِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives a certain amount of charity to his friend; if he can change his mind and take it back from him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so but if he needs he can take from other assets of his friend which is other than what he had given as charity to
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“About the case of a man who gives something in charity if he can inherit it, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْطَى أُمَّهُ عَطِيَّةً فَمَاتَتْ وَ كَانَتْ قَدْ قَبَضَتِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا وَ بَانَتْ بِهِ[2] قَالَ هُوَ وَ الْوَرَثَةُ فِيهَا سَوَاءٌ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives a gift to his mother and she dies. She had taken the gift away from him in her possession. He (the Imam) said, ‘He and the other heirs are the same in dealing with that item.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ أُمِّي تَصَدَّقَتْ عَلَيَّ بِدَارٍ لَهَا أَوْ قَالَ بِنَصِيبٍ لَهَا فِي دَارٍ فَقَالَتْ لِيَ اسْتَوْثِقْ لِنَفْسِكَ[1] فَكَتَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا أَنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ وَ أَنَّهَا قَدْ بَاعَتْنِي وَ قَبَضَتِ الثَّمَنَ فَلَمَّا مَاتَتْ قَالَ الْوَرَثَةُ احْلِفْ أَنَّكَ اشْتَرَيْتَ وَ نَقَدْتَ الثَّمَنَ فَإِنْ حَلَفْتُ لَهُمْ أَخَذْتُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ أَحْلِفْ لَهُمْ لَمْ يُعْطُونِي شَيْئاً قَالَ
“I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), that my mother gave me the house that belonged to her - or he said her share in a house - and told me to register it in my name. I then wrote that I have bought it from her. She has sold it to me and has received the payment. When she died, the heirs asked me to take an oath that I
تَصَدَّقَ أَبِي عَلَيَّ بِدَارٍ وَ قَبَضْتُهَا ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوْلَادٌ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا مِنِّي وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالْقِصَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا تُعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ إِذاً يُخَاصِمُنِي قَالَ فَخَاصِمْهُ وَ لَا تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ عَلَى صَوْتِهِ.
“My father gave a house as charity to me and I took possession thereof but thereafter other children were born to him and he wanted to take the house back from me to give it to them. I explained the story to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘Do not give it to him.’ I then said, ‘He will dispute it with me.’ He (the Ima
إِذَا عُوِّضَ صَاحِبُ الْهِبَةِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a gift-giver receives something in exchange, he then cannot take back what he has given as gift.’”
إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ الرَّجُلُ بِصَدَقَةٍ قَبَضَهَا صَاحِبُهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَقْبِضْهَا عُلِمَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُعْلَمْ فَهِيَ جَائِزَةٌ[3].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one gives a charity it is permissible, regardless of whether the recipient takes possession or not, knows about it or does not know about it.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السُّكْنَى وَ الْعُمْرَى فَقَالَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ إِنْ كَانَ شَرَطَهُ حَيَاتَهُ سَكَنَ حَيَاتَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِعَقِبِهِ فَهُوَ لِعَقِبِهِ كَمَا شَرَطَ حَتَّى يَفْنَوْا ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّارِ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about al-Sukna ’ and al^Umra’ (permission to use a house for a certain period of time). He (the Imam) said, ‘People must stand by their conditions. If his condition is permission to use the house for his life time, it then is for his life time. If it is for the life time of those wh
سُئِلَ عَنِ السُّكْنَى وَ الْعُمْرَى فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ جَعَلَ السُّكْنَى فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَهُوَ كَمَا شَرَطَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ جَعَلَهَا لَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ حَتَّى يَفْنَى عَقِبُهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَا يُورِثُوا ثُمَّ تَرْجِعُ الدَّارُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا الْأَوَّلِ.
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about al-Sukna ’ and al-‘Umra’ (permission to use a house for a certain period of time). He (the Imam) said, ‘If permission to use the house is given for his lifetime, then it must remain as the condition requires, if it is for his and the lifetime of those whom he leaves behind u
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْخَادِمُ تَخْدُمُهُ فَيَقُولُ هِيَ لِفُلَانٍ تَخْدُمُهُ مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ فَتَأْبِقُ الْأَمَةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الرَّجُلُ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ أَوْ سِتَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَجِدُهَا وَرَثَتُهُ أَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَخْدِمُوهَا قَدْرَ مَا أَبَقَتْ قَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَتْ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a servant who serves him and he says, ‘She will serve so and so as long as he lives, and when he dies she will be free. The servant runs away five or six years before he dies; then his heirs find her; if they can make her to serve them for the remaini
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ دَارٍ لَمْ تُقْسَمْ فَتَصَدَّقَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ بِنَصِيبِهِ مِنَ الدَّارِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَتْ هِبَةً قَالَ يَجُوزُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا دَارَهُ حَيَاتَهُ قَالَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ قُلْتُ فَلَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ لَهُ شَيْئاً قَالَ يُخْرِجُهُ صَاحِب
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a house which is not yet distributed and a certain one of the people of the house gives his share as charity. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if it is a grant?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about a ma
يَجُوزُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَا يُورِثُوا قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ أَسْكَنَ دَارَهُ رَجُلًا حَيَاتَهُ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا دَارَهُ وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ قَالَ جَائِزٌ وَ يُخْرِجُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who allows another man to use a house and those whom he will leave behind. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible but they cannot sell or inherit it.’ I asked if a man could allow another man to use a house for his lifetime. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permiss