Fasting

صَلِّ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِائَةَ رَكْعَةٍ تَقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ الْحَمْدَ مَرَّةً وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ.

Hadith.2019 - Sulayman Al-Ja’fari narrated from Abu Al-Hasan (as) that he said: "Pray on the nights of the 21st and 23rd (of Month of Ramadan) 100 units (rak’ahs), reciting Al-Hamd (Surah Al-Fatihah) once and Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad (Surah Al-Ikhlas) ten times in each unit."

فِي لَيْلَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ التَّقْدِيرُ وَ فِي لَيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ الْقَضَاءُ وَ فِي لَيْلَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ إِبْرَامُ مَا يَكُونُ فِي السَّنَةِ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا[4] وَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مَا يَشَاءُ فِي خَلْقِهِ

لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ هِيَ أَوَّلُ السَّنَةِ وَ هِيَ آخِرُهَا[5].

Hadith.2021 - Rifāʿa narrated from Imam (as) that Imam (as) said: "The Night of Qadr is the beginning of the year and it is its end."

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لِي أَرَاكَ كَئِيباً حَزِيناً قَالَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي لَيْلَتِي هَذِهِ يَصْعَدُونَ مِنْبَرِي مِنْ بَعْدِي يُضِلُّونَ النَّاسَ عَنِ الصِّرَاطِ الْقَهْقَرَى فَقَالَ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْ‌ءٌ مَا اطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ عَرَجَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِآيٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ يُؤْنِسُهُ بِهَا- أَ فَر

Hadith.2022 - It is narrated that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, was shown in his dream that the sons of Umayyah would ascend his pulpit after him, leading people astray and turning them away from the straight path. When he awoke, he was sorrowful and grieved. Archangel Ji

وَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ الصَّادِقَ ع فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ كَانَتْ أَوْ تَكُونُ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ فَقَالَ لَوْ رُفِعَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ لَرُفِعَ الْقُرْآنُ‌[1].

Hadith.2023 - A man asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "Inform me about Laylatul Qadr; was it [only in the past], or does it occur every year?" Imam (as) replied: "If Laylatul Qadr were removed, the Quran would be removed."

هِيَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ هِيَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ وَ لَمْ يُنْزَلِ الْقُرْآنُ إِلَّا فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فِيها يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ‌ قَالَ يُقَدَّرُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ كُلُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ يَكُونُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنْ قَابِلٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍّ أَوْ طَاعَةٍ أَوْ مَعْصِيَةٍ أَوْ مَوْلُودٍ أَوْ أَجَلٍ أَوْ رِز

Hadith.2024 - Humran asked Abu Ja'far (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "Indeed, We sent it down on a blessed night" (Surah Ad-Dukhan 44:3). Imam (as) replied: "It is Laylatul Qadr, and it occurs every year in the Month of Ramadan, during its last ten nights. The Quran was revealed only o

وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع‌ كَيْفَ تَكُونُ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْراً مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ قَالَ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ[4].

Hadith.2025 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked, "How is Laylatul Qadr better than a thousand months?" Imam (as) replied: "Righteous deeds performed on it are better than deeds performed in a thousand months that do not contain Laylatul Qadr."

نَزَلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ فِي سِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ فِي اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ الزَّبُورُ فِي لَيْلَةِ ثَمَانَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ [الْفُرْقَانُ‌] فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ.

"The Torah was revealed on the sixth of Month of Ramadan, the Injil (Gospel) was revealed on the twelfth of Month of Ramadan, the Zabur (Psalms) was revealed on the eighteenth of Month of Ramadan, and the Quran [Al-Furqan] was revealed on Laylatul Qadr."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ عَلَامَةِ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَقَالَ عَلَامَتُهَا أَنْ تَطِيبَ رِيحُهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي بَرْدٍ دَفِئَتْ‌[1] وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي حَرٍّ بَرَدَتْ وَ طَابَتْ.

"I asked him about the sign of Laylatul Qadr, and Imam (as) replied: 'Its sign is that its breeze is pleasant; if it is in cold weather, it becomes warm, and if it is in hot weather, it becomes cool and pleasant.'"

تَنَزَّلُ فِيهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ الْكَتَبَةُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَيَكْتُبُونَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي أَمْرِ السَّنَةِ وَ مَا يُصِيبُ الْعِبَادَ وَ أَمْرٌ عِنْدَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَوْقُوفٌ لَهُ فِيهِ الْمَشِيئَةُ فَيُقَدِّمُ مِنْهُ‌[2] مَا يَشَاءُ وَ يُؤَخِّرُ مِنْهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَ يَمْحُو وَ يُثْبِتُ وَ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتابِ‌.

Hadith.2028 - Imam (as) was asked about Laylatul Qadr, and Imam (as) said: "On it, the angels and the scribes descend to the lowest heaven, where they record what will occur during the year, including what will befall the servants. However, there is an affair with Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, that remains su

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي يُرْجَى فِيهَا مَا يُرْجَى‌[4] أَيُّ لَيْلَةٍ هِيَ فَقَالَ فِي لَيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَقْوَ عَلَى كِلْتَيْهِمَا فَقَالَ مَا أَيْسَرَ لَيْلَتَيْنِ فِيمَا تَطْلُبُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ رُبَّمَا رَأَيْنَا الْهِلَالَ عِنْدَنَا وَ جَاءَنَا مَنْ يُخْبِرُنَا بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ فِي

I was with Abu Abdullah (as) when Abu Basir said to him, "May I be your ransom! Which night is the one in which one can hope for what is hoped for?" Imam (as) replied: "It is on the night of the 21st or the 23rd." Abu Basir asked: "What if I cannot perform worship on both nights?" Imam (as) said: "How easy are two nigh

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اللَّيَالِي الَّتِي يُرْجَى فِيهَا مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ ثَلَاثٌ وَ عِشْرِينَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَخَذَتْ إِنْسَاناً الْفَتْرَةُ أَوْ عِلَّةٌ مَا الْمُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ثَلَاثٌ وَ عِشْرِينَ.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the nights in the Month of Ramadan that are hoped to be special. Imam (as) replied: "The 19th, 21st, and 23rd." I asked: "What if a person is overtaken by weakness or illness? Which night should be relied upon from these?" Imam (as) replied: "The 23rd."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اللَّيَالِي الَّتِي يُسْتَحَبُّ فِيهَا الْغُسْلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَيْلَةُ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ لَيْلَةُ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ لَيْلَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ قَالَ لَيْلَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ الْجُهَنِيِّ وَ حَدِيثُهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ مَنْزِلِي نَاءٍ عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَمُرْنِي بِلَيْلَةٍ أَدْخُلُ فِيهَا فَأَمَرَهُ بِلَيْلَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ.

Hadith.2031 - In a narration from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from Zurara, from one of the two (Imam Al-Baqir (as) or Imam Al-Sadiq (as), peace be upon them), he said: I asked him about the nights in the Month of Ramadan in which it is recommended to perform ghusl (ritual purification). Imam (as) replied: "The 19th night, the

تَقُولُ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ- أَعُوذُ بِجَلَالِ وَجْهِكَ الْكَرِيمِ أَنْ يَنْقَضِيَ عَنِّي شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ مِنْ لَيْلَتِي هَذِهِ وَ لَكَ قِبَلِي تَبِعَةٌ أَوْ ذَنْبٌ تُعَذِّبُنِي عَلَيْهِ يَا رَحْمَانُ يَا رَحِيمُ الدُّعَاءُ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْأُولَى وَ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ‌[2]- يَا مُولِجَ اللَّيْلِ فِي النَّهَارِ

Hadith.2032 - In the rare narrations of Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, it is reported that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "In the last ten nights of the Month of Ramadan, recite every night: 'I seek refuge in the majesty of Your noble face from the Month of Ramadan ending for me or the dawn rising on this night o

تَقُولُ فِي وَدَاعِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قُلْتَ فِي كِتَابِكَ الْمُنْزَلِ عَلَى نَبِيِّكَ الْمُرْسَلِ وَ قَوْلُكَ الْحَقُ‌[6] شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ‌ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى‌ وَ الْفُرْقانِ‌[1] وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَدِ انْصَرَمَ‌[2] فَأَسْأَلُكَ بِوَجْهِكَ الْكَرِيمِ وَ كَلِمَاتِكَ التَّامَّاتِ إِنْ كَانَ بَقِيَ عَلَيَّ ذَنْبٌ لَمْ تَغْفِرْهُ لِي وَ تُ

"In bidding farewell to the Month of Ramadan, say: 'O Allah (swt)! You have said in Your revealed Book sent to Your Prophet, the Messenger, and Your word is the truth: "The Month of Ramadan in which the Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind and as clear proofs of guidance and criterion." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) A

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَمَا إِنَّ فِي الْفِطْرِ تَكْبِيراً وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَسْنُونٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَأَيْنَ هُوَ[2] قَالَ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْفِطْرِ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ وَ فِي غَيْرِ رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدٍ وَ فِي الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ تَقْطَعُ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ أَقُولُ قَالَ تَقُولُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّه

Abu Abdullah (as) said to me: "Indeed, there is Takbir (declaration of Allah’s (swt) greatness) associated with Eid al-Fitr, but it is a recommended Sunnah." Sa'id said: "I asked: Where is it to be performed?" Imam (as) replied: "On the night of Eid al-Fitr during the Maghrib (sunset prayer) and the Isha (night prayer)

وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ لَا يُقَالُ فِيهِ وَ رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ.

Hadith.2035 - It is narrated: "It is not said in it (the Takbir for Eid al-Fitr), 'and He provided us with the livestock of cattle,' as that phrase pertains to the days of Tashreeq (the days following Eid al-Adha)."

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ الْمَغْفِرَةَ تَنْزِلُ عَلَى مَنْ صَامَ- شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فَقَالَ يَا حَسَنُ إِنَّ الْقَارِيجَارَ[4] إِنَّمَا يُعْطَى أُجْرَتَهُ عِنْدَ فَرَاغِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ لَيْلَةُ الْعِيدِ

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "People say that forgiveness descends upon those who fast during the Month of Ramadan on the Night of Qadr." Imam (as) replied: "O Hasan, the wage-earner is only given his reward when he has completed his work, and that is on the Night of Eid." I asked: "May I be your ransom! What should we

إِذَا شَهِدَ عِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ شَاهِدَانِ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَا الْهِلَالَ مُنْذُ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً أَمَرَ الْإِمَامُ بِإِفْطَارِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِذَا كَانَ شَهِدَا قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَ إِنْ شَهِدَا بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ أَمَرَ الْإِمَامُ بِإِفْطَارِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى الْغَدِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ‌[4].

"If two witnesses testify before the Imam that they have seen the crescent moon thirty days ago, the Imam commands the people to break their fast on that day if the testimony is given before noon. However, if they testify after noon, the Imam commands them to break their fast on that day but delays the Eid prayer until

وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ[5] قَالَ: إِذَا أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ صِيَاماً وَ لَمْ يَرَوُا الْهِلَالَ وَ جَاءَ قَوْمٌ عُدُولٌ يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى الرُّؤْيَةِ فَلْيُفْطِرُوا وَ لْيَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْغَدِ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ إِلَى عِيدِهِمْ.

Hadith.2038 - In another narration, it is reported: "If the people begin their day fasting and do not see the crescent moon, but then a group of trustworthy individuals arrives and testifies to having seen it, they should break their fast and go out the next day, early in the morning, for their Eid."

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَنَا يُصَلُّونَ وَ لَا يَصُومُونَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَ رُبَّمَا احْتَجْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَحْصُدُونَ لِي فَإِذَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِلْحَصَادِ لَمْ يُجِيبُونِي حَتَّى أُطْعِمَهُمْ وَ هُمْ يَجِدُونَ مَنْ يُطْعِمُهُمْ فَيَذْهَبُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ يَدَعُونِي وَ أَنَا أَضِيقُ مِنْ إِطْعَامِهِمْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَكَتَبَ ع بِخَطِّهِ أَعْرِفُهُ أَطْعِمْهُمْ‌[2]

"I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (as), asking him about a group of people among us who pray but do not fast during the Month of Ramadan. Sometimes I need their help to harvest my crops, but if I call them for the harvest, they do not respond unless I feed them. They also find others who provide them with food, so they

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لَا يَنْقُصُ أَبَداً.

Hadith.2040 - In a narration from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur, from Abu Abdullah (as), Imam (as) said: "The Month of Ramadan is thirty days and is never less."

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لَا يَنْقُصُ وَ اللَّهِ‌

Hadith.2041 - In a narration from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur, from Mu'adh ibn Kathir—also referred to as Mu'adh ibn Muslim Al-Harra'i—who reported from Abu Abdullah (as), Imam (as) said: "The Month of Ramadan is thirty days and, by Allah (swt), it never decreases."

قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَرْوُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص مَا صَامَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا صَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ قَالَ كَذَبُوا مَا صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَّا تَامّاً وَ لَا تَكُونُ الْفَرَائِضُ نَاقِصَةً إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ السَّنَةَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ يَوْماً وَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ* فَحَجَزَهَا[2] مِنْ ثَلَاثِم

Hadith.2042 - In a narration from Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazi’, from Muhammad ibn Ya’qub, from Shu’ayb, from his father, from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "I said to him: 'People narrate that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) fasted for 29 days in the Month of Ramadan more often than he fast

ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً.

Hadith.2043 - Abu Basir asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "And complete the number" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185). Imam (as) replied: "Thirty days."

قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع هَلْ يَكُونُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً فَقَالَ إِنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً أَبَداً.

"I asked Al-Ridha (as): 'Can the Month of Ramadan ever be 29 days?' Imam (as) replied: 'The Month of Ramadan is never less than 30 days.'"

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ صِيَامِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ صِيَامِهَا بِمِنًى فَأَمَّا بِغَيْرِهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ‌[2].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about fasting during the Days of Tashreeq. Imam (as) replied: 'The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) only prohibited fasting on those days in Mina. However, outside of Mina, there is no issue with fasting them.'"

ع إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَأَحَدِكُمْ إِنِّي أَظَلُّ عِنْدَ رَبِّي فَيُطْعِمُنِي وَ يَسْقِينِي.

Hadith.2046 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) prohibited continuous fasting (without breaking the fast at night). However, He (sw) himself practiced it. When He was asked about this, He (sw) said: "I am not like one of you. I remain in the presence of my Lord (azj), and He

الْوِصَالُ الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْهُ هُوَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ الرَّجُلُ عَشَاءَهُ سَحُورَهُ[1]

لَمْ يَزَلْ مَكْرُوهاً.

Hadith.2048 - Zurara asked Abu Abdullah (as) about fasting continuously throughout the year. Imam (as) replied: "It has always been disliked."

وَ قَالَ ع‌ لَا وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ وَ لَا صَمْتَ يَوْماً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ.

Hadith.2049 - Imam (as) said: "There is no continuous fasting (wisal) in fasting, nor remaining silent for a day until night."

كُنَّا عِنْدَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رِجَالٍ فَذَكَرْنَا رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا تَقُولُوا هَذَا رَمَضَانُ وَ لَا ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ وَ لَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ‌[2] فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يَجِي‌ءُ وَ لَا يَذْهَبُ إِنَّمَا يَجِي‌ءُ وَ يَذْهَبُ الزَّائِلُ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ‌ فَالشَّهْرُ مُضَافٌ إِلَى الِاسْمِ وَ الِاسْمُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هُوَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي أُنْ

"We were with him, eight men, and the topic of Month of Ramadan was mentioned. Imam (as) said: 'Do not say, "This is Ramadan," or "Ramadan has passed," or "Ramadan has come," for Ramadan is one of the names of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic. It does not come or go; it is the transient (month) that comes and goe

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ص‌ لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانُ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ‌ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ‌[1].

Hadith.2051 - It is narrated from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from Abu Abdullah (as), from his father (as), from his grandfather (as), who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Do not say 'Ramadan'; rather, say 'the Month of Ramadan,' for you do not know what 'Ramadan' is."

وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ- أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى‌ نِسائِكُمْ‌

Hadith.2052 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "It is recommended for a man to go to his wife on the first night of the Month of Ramadan, based on the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty: 'It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the night of fasting.' (Surah Al-B

لِبَعْضِ مَوَالِيهِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَ هُوَ يَدْعُو لَهُ يَا فُلَانُ تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْكَ وَ مِنَّا قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقَامَ حَتَّى كَانَ يَوْمُ الْأَضْحَى فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا فُلَانُ تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنَّا وَ مِنْكَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قُلْتَ فِي الْفِطْرِ شَيْئاً وَ تَقُولُ فِي الْأَضْحَى شَيْئاً غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنِّي قُلْتُ لَهُ فِي الْفِطْرِ تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْكَ وَ مِنَّا لِأ

"Imam (as) said to one of his companions on the Day of Eid al-Fitr while supplicating for him: 'O so-and-so, may Allah (swt) accept (the deeds) from you and from us.' Then, on the Day of Eid al-Adha, Imam (as) said to him: 'O so-and-so, may Allah (swt) accept (the deeds) from us and from you.' I asked Imam (as): 'O son

اطْعَمْ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ وَ لَا تَطْعَمْ‌[1] يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ الْإِمَامُ‌[2].

"Eat on the Day of Eid al-Fitr before you pray, but do not eat on the Day of Eid al-Adha until the Imam has completed the prayer and returned."

وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا أُتِيَ بِطِيبٍ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ بَدَأَ بِلِسَانِهِ‌[3].

Hadith.2055 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), when presented with perfume on the day of Eid al-Fitr, would begin by applying it to his tongue.

وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّوْفَلِيُّ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ إِنِّي أَفْطَرْتُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى طِينِ الْقَبْرِ وَ تَمْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَمَعْتَ بَيْنَ بَرَكَةٍ وَ سُنَّةٍ[4].

Hadith.2056 - Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Nawfali said to Imam Abu Al-Hasan (as): "I broke my fast on the Day of Eid al-Fitr with the clay of the grave (Turbah) and dates." Imam (as) replied: "You have combined blessing and tradition (sunnah)."

لِأَصْحَابِهِ وَ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ مِضْمَاراً لِخَلْقِهِ يَسْتَبِقُونَ فِيهِ بِطَاعَتِهِ إِلَى رِضْوَانِهِ فَسَبَقَ فِيهِ قَوْمٌ فَفَازُوا وَ تَخَلَّفَ آخَرُونَ فَخَابُوا فَالْعَجَبُ كُلُّ الْعَجَبِ مِنَ الضَّاحِكِ اللَّاعِبِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُثَابُ فِيهِ الْمُحْسِنُونَ وَ يَخِيبُ فِيهِ الْمُقَصِّرُونَ وَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ لَوْ كُشِفَ الْغِطَاءُ لَشُغِلَ مُحْس

Hadith.2057 - Imam Al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) observed the people on the Day of Eid al-Fitr playing and laughing. Imam (as) turned to his companions and said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, created the Month of Ramadan as a racecourse for His creation, where they compete in obedience to Him to attain His p

يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ مَا مِنْ عِيدٍ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَضْحًى وَ لَا فِطْرٍ إِلَّا وَ هُوَ يُجَدَّدُ لآِلِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِيهِ حُزْنٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ قَالَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَ حَقَّهُمْ فِي يَدِ غَيْرِهِمْ.

"O Abdullah, there is no Eid for the Muslims, whether Eid al-Adha or Eid al-Fitr, except that it brings renewed sorrow to the family of Muhammad." I asked: "Why is that?" Imam (as) replied: "Because they see their right in the hands of others."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَمَّا ضُرِبَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع بِالسَّيْفِ وَ سَقَطَ ثُمَّ ابْتُدِرَ لِيُقْطَعَ رَأْسُهُ نَادَى مُنَادٍ مِنْ بُطْنَانِ الْعَرْشِ أَلَا أَيَّتُهَا الْأُمَّةُ الْمُتَحَيِّرَةُ الضَّالَّةُ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا لَا وَفَّقَكُمُ اللَّهُ لِأَضْحًى وَ لَا فِطْرٍ[1]. - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ لِصَوْمٍ وَ لَا فِطْرٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فَلَا جَرَمَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا وُفِّقُوا

Hadith.2059 - It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Latif Al-Taflisi, from Razin, who said that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When Husayn ibn Ali (as) was struck with the sword and fell, and his head was about to be severed, a caller from within the depths of the Throne (of Allah (swt)) called out: 'O bewildered and misguided na

إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ نَادَى مُنَادٍ أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ اغْدُوا إِلَى جَوَائِزِكُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يَا جَابِرُ جَوَائِزُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَيْسَتْ كَجَوَائِزِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُلُوكِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هُوَ يَوْمُ الْجَوَائِزِ.

"When the first day of Shawwal arrives, a caller announces: 'O believers, hasten to your rewards!' Then Abu Ja'far (as) said: 'O Jabir, the rewards of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, are not like the rewards of these worldly kings.' Then Imam (as) added: 'It is the Day of Rewards.'”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ فَقَالَ عَلَى الصَّغِيرِ وَ الْكَبِيرِ وَ الْحُرِّ وَ الْعَبْدِ عَنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ صَاعٌ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ صَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعٌ مِنْ زَبِيبٍ‌[4].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about Zakat al-Fitr. Imam (as) said: 'It is obligatory for the young and the old, the free and the enslaved. For every individual, it is one sa' (measure) of wheat, or one sa' of dates, or one sa' of raisins.'"

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ كَمْ تُدْفَعُ عَنْ كُلِّ رَأْسٍ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ قَالَ صَاعٌ بِصَاعِ النَّبِيِّ ص‌[1].

"I asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (as) about Zakat al-Fitr: how much should be given per head from wheat, barley, dates, and raisins?" Imam (as) replied: "One sa' (measure) according to the sa' of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)."

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع عَلَى يَدِ أَبِي‌[2] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الصَّاعِ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ الْفِطْرَةُ بِصَاعِ الْمَدَنِيِّ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ بِصَاعِ الْعِرَاقِيِّ فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ الصَّاعُ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْمَدَنِيِّ وَ تِسْعَةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْعِرَاقِيِّ قَالَ وَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ بِالْوَزْنِ أَلْفاً وَ مِائَةً وَ سَبْعِينَ وَزْنَةً[3].

Hadith.2063 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ja'far ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Al-Hamadhani, who was with us during Hajj. He said: "I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as) through Abu (a messenger), saying: 'May I be your ransom, our companions have differed regarding the measure of the sa': some say Zakat a

مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْحِنْطَةَ وَ الشَّعِيرَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ الْقَمْحُ وَ السُّلْتُ وَ الْعَلَسُ وَ الذُّرَةُ[4]

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ اَلْبَصْرِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ اَلْوَصِيِّ يُزَكِّي زَكَاةَ اَلْفِطْرَةِ عَنِ اَلْيَتَامَى إِذَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مَالٌ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «لاَ زَكَاةَ عَلَى يَتِيمٍ ».

Hadith.2065 - Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim ibn Al-Fudhayl Al-Basri wrote to Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (as), asking about whether a guardian should pay Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of orphans if they have wealth. Imam (as) replied: "There is no Zakat upon an orphan."

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ إِلَّا مَا يُؤَدِّي عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَحْدَهَا أَ يُعْطِيهِ عَنْهَا أَوْ يَأْكُلُ هُوَ وَ عِيَالُهُ قَالَ يُعْطِي بَعْضَ عِيَالِهِ ثُمَّ يُعْطِي الْآخَرُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ يُرَدِّدُونَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ فَتَكُونُ عَنْهُمْ جَمِيعاً فِطْرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ[5].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as): 'A man has nothing for Zakat al-Fitr except enough to pay for himself alone. Should he give it for himself, or should he use it for himself and his family?' Imam (as) replied: 'He should give it to some of his family, and then that person gives it on behalf of another, passing it among thems

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الضَّيْفُ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ فَيَحْضُرُ يَوْمُ الْفِطْرِ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ الْفِطْرَةَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ الْفِطْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ‌[1].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who has a guest from among his brethren staying with him when the Day of Eid al-Fitr arrives. Should he pay Zakat al-Fitr on his behalf?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes, Zakat al-Fitr is obligatory for everyone he supports, whether male or female, young or old, free or enslaved."

لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ رَأْسَيْنِ وَ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةٍ يَعْنِي الْفِطْرَةَ.

"There is no harm if a man gives Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of two, three, or even four individuals."