الرَّضَاعُ وَاحِدٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ شَهْراً فَمَا نَقَصَ فَهُوَ جَوْرٌ عَلَى الصَّبِيِ[1].
Hadith.4661 - It was narrated from Sama'ah ibn Mihran that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Breastfeeding is for twenty-one months, and anything less than that is an injustice to the child."
عَامَيْنِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى سَنَتَيْنِ هَلْ عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ قَالَ لَا.
Hadith.4662 - Sa'd ibn Sa'd asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about whether a child can be breastfed for more than two years. Imam (as) replied: "Two years." I asked: "If it exceeds two years, is there any obligation upon the parents because of that?" Imam (as) said: "No."
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَا مِنْ لَبَنٍ يُرْضَعُ بِهِ الصَّبِيُّ أَعْظَمَ بَرَكَةً عَلَيْهِ مِنْ لَبَنِ أُمِّهِ[2].
Hadith.4663 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "There is no milk with greater blessing for a child to be nursed with than the milk of his mother."
وَ نَظَرَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِلَى أُمِّ إِسْحَاقَ بِنْتِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَ هِيَ تُرْضِعُ أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهَا مُحَمَّداً أَوْ إِسْحَاقَ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ إِسْحَاقَ لَا تُرْضِعِيهِ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ أَرْضِعِيهِ مِنْ كِلَيْهِمَا يَكُونُ أَحَدُهُمَا طَعَاماً وَ الْآخَرُ شَرَاباً[3].
Hadith.4664 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) looked at Umm Ishaq bint Sulayman while she was breastfeeding one of her two sons, either Muhammad or Ishaq, and Imam (as) said: "O Umm Ishaq, do not nurse him from only one breast; rather, nurse him from both. One will serve as food and the other as drink."
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فَسِّرْهُ لِي فَقَالَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلِهَا وَلَدَ امْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ جَارِيَةٍ أَوْ غُلَامٍ فَذَلِكَ الرَّضَاعُ الَّذِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلَيْنِ كَانَا لَهَا وَاحِداً بَعْدَ آخَرَ مِنْ جَارِيَةٍ أَوْ غُلَامٍ فَإِنَّ ذَلِ
I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "What is the meaning of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) - 'What is unlawful through lineage is also unlawful through breastfeeding'? Explain it to me." Imam (as) replied: "Every woman who nurses, with the
وَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "لاَ رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ".
Hadith.4666 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "There is no breastfeeding after weaning."
الرَّضَاعُ بَعْدَ حَوْلَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطَمَ يُحَرِّمُ[3].
"Breastfeeding within two years, before the child is weaned, establishes prohibition."
كَتَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع امْرَأَةٌ أَرْضَعَتْ بَعْضَ وُلْدِي هَلْ يَجُوزُ لِي أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ بَعْضَ وُلْدِهَا فَكَتَبَ لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ وُلْدَهَا قَدْ صَارَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وُلْدِكَ[4].
Ali ibn Shu'ayb wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as) asking: "A woman breastfed one of my children. Is it permissible for me to marry one of her children?" Imam (as) wrote in response, "That is not permissible because her children have become like your own children."
كَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَ الرَّجُلِ أَ يَحِلُّ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ هَذِهِ الْمُرْضِعَةِ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ[5].
Hadith.4669 - Abdullah ibn Ja'far al-Himyari wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as) asking about a woman who breastfed a man's child. He asked: "Is it permissible for that man to marry the daughter of this wet nurse or not?" Imam (as) responded, "It is not permissible for him."
لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ جَارِيَةً رَضِيعَةً فَأَرْضَعَتْهَا امْرَأَتُهُ فَسَدَ النِّكَاحُ[6].
"If a man marries a young girl (jariyah) who is still nursing, and his wife then breastfeeds her, the marriage becomes invalid."
لَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأُخْتِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ لِأَنَّ اللَّبَنَ لِفَحْلٍ وَاحِدٍ[1].
Hadith.4671 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who marries a woman, and she gives birth to his child. Then she breastfeeds a bondwoman with her milk. Imam (as) was asked: "Is it permissible for his child from another woman to marry that bondwoman whom she breast
لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مَجْبُوراً قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْمَجْبُورُ قَالَ أُمٌّ تُرَبِّي أَوْ ظِئْرٌ تُسْتَأْجَرُ أَوْ أَمَةٌ تُشْتَرَى[2].
"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when it is continuous and intentional." I asked: "What is meant by continuous and intentional?" Imam (as) replied: "It is when a mother raises the child, a wet nurse is hired, or a bondwoman is purchased for breastfeeding."
لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا ارْتَضَعَ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ سَنَةً[3].
"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when a child nurses from one breast for a full year."
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ فَقَالَ لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا ارْتَضَعَ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ.
I asked him about breastfeeding, and Imam (as) said: "Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when a child nurses from one breast for two complete years."
لَا
"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when it is for two complete years."
فِي رِوَايَةِ السَّكُونِيِّ قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ انْهَوْا نِسَاءَكُمْ أَنْ يُرْضِعْنَ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَنْسَيْنَ[2].
Hadith.4676 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni, it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say, "Prevent your women from breastfeeding here and there (to various children), for they may forget."
عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْوُضَّاءِ[3] مِنَ الظُّئُورَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُعْدِي.
"Choose healthy wet nurses, for milk can transmit illness."
لَا تَصْلُحُ وَ لَا لَبَنُ ابْنَتِهَا الَّتِي وُلِدَتْ مِنَ الزِّنَا[4].
Hadith.4678 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a woman who committed adultery - whether she is suitable to be taken as a wet nurse. He (as) replied: "She is not suitable, nor is the milk of her daughter who was born from adultery."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَسْتَرْضِعُوا الْحَمْقَاءَ فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُعْدِي وَ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ يَنْزِعُ إِلَى اللَّبَنِ يَعْنِي إِلَى الظِّئْرِ فِي الرُّعُونَةِ وَ الْحُمْقِ[5].
Hadith.4679 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Do not choose a foolish woman as a wet nurse, for milk can transmit traits. A child is influenced by the milk, meaning by the we
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ وَلَدَهُ إِلَى ظِئْرٍ يَهُودِيَّةٍ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ أَوْ مَجُوسِيَّةٍ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي بَيْتِهَا أَوْ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ قَالَ تُرْضِعُهُ لَكَ الْيَهُودِيَّةُ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ وَ تَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ مِثْلَ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ لَا يَذْهَبْنَ بِوَلَدِكَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَ الزَّانِيَةُ لَا تُرْضِعُ وَلَدَكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ وَ الْمَ
I asked him about a man who gives his child to a Jewish, Christian, or Magian (Zoroastrian) wet nurse to breastfeed him either in her house or in his house. Imam (as) said: "A Jewish or Christian woman may breastfeed your child, but you must prevent her from drinking alcohol and consuming what is unlawful, such as pork
لَبَنُ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَ الْمَجُوسِيَّةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ لَبَنِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا[2] وَ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْساً بِلَبَنِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا إِذَا جَعَلَ مَوْلَى الْجَارِيَةِ الَّذِي فَجَرَ بِالْجَارِيَةِ فِي حِلٍ[3].
"The milk of a Jewish, Christian, or Magian woman is more beloved to me than the milk of a child born from adultery. However, he saw no harm in the milk of a child born from adultery if the master of the bondwoman, with whom the immoral act was committed, pardons it."
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دَرَّ لَبَنُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ وِلَادَةٍ فَأَرْضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً وَ غُلَاماً بِذَلِكَ اللَّبَنِ هَلْ يَحْرُمُ بِذَلِكَ اللَّبَنِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ قَالَ لَا[4].
I asked Imam (as) about a woman whose milk flowed without childbirth, and she breastfed a girl and a boy with that milk. Does this milk create the same prohibitions as regular breastfeeding? Imam (as) replied: "No."
وَجُورُ الصَّبِيِّ اللَّبَنَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّضَاعِ[5]
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لاَ تُجْبَرُ اَلْحُرَّةُ عَلَى إِرْضَاعِ اَلْوَلَدِ وَ تُجْبَرُ أُمُّ اَلْوَلَدِ".
Hadith.4684 - Imam Abu Abdullah (as) said: "A free woman cannot be forced to breastfeed a child, but a but a bondwoman (umm al-walad) can be compelled to do so."
وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ صَبِيّاً وَ اسْتُرْضِعَ لَهُ أَنَّ أَجْرَ رَضَاعِ الصَّبِيِّ مِمَّا يَرِثُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ[3].
Hadith.4685 - The Commander of the Faithful (as), ruled regarding a man who passed away and left behind a child who needed to be breastfed: "The payment for the child's breastfeeding should be taken from what the child inherits from his father and mother."
إِنَّ أَمَتِي أَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدِي وَ قَدْ أَرَدْتُ بَيْعَهَا قَالَ خُذْ بِيَدِهَا وَ قُلْ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنِّي أُمَّ وَلَدِي[4].
Hadith.4686 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), it is reported that a man came to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and said: "My bondwoman has breastfed my child, and I want to sell her." Imam (as) replied: "Take her by the hand an