قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع احْذَرُوا مُعَامَلَةَ أَصْحَابِ الْعَاهَاتِ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَظْلَمُ شَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Avoid forming contracts with people who suffer from crippling diseases; they do (not avoid transmitting their disease to others) the most unjust things.’”
إِيَّاكَ وَ مُخَالَطَةَ السَّفِلَةِ- فَإِنَّ السَّفِلَةَ لَا يَئُولُ إِلَى خَيْرٍ[3].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must remain on your guard in intermingling with lowly people; lowly people do not end up in goodness.’” (Al-Saduq in Ma‘ani al-Akhbar has said the following to be of the qualities of lowly people: People indifferent to what they say or what is said against them, those who play tam
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا تُخَالِطُوا وَ لَا تُعَامِلُوا إِلَّا مَنْ نَشَأَ فِي الْخَيْرِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not intermingle or form contract with anyone except those who are established in goodness.’”
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا تُعَامِلْ ذَا عَاهَةٍ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَظْلَمُ شَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not form contracts with people who suffer from crippling diseases; they are most unjust things’ (do not avoid transmitting their disease to others).”
لَا يَكُونُ الْوَفَاءُ حَتَّى يَمِيلَ الْمِيزَانُ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Proper weighing is only when a balance tilts to one side.”’
قَالَ: مَنْ أَخَذَ الْمِيزَانَ بِيَدِهِ فَنَوَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَافِياً لَمْ يَأْخُذْ إِلَّا رَاجِحاً[2] وَ مَنْ أَعْطَى فَنَوَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَ سَوَاءً لَمْ يُعْطِ إِلَّا نَاقِصاً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one uses a balance with the intention to weigh for himself properly ends up weighing heavier for himself, and one who intends to weigh equally, ends up weighing less.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي صَاحِبُ نَخْلٍ فَخَبِّرْنِي بِحَدٍّ أَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَفَاءِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع انْوِ الْوَفَاءَ فَإِنْ أَتَى عَلَى يَدِكَ وَ قَدْ نَوَيْتَ الْوَفَاءَ نُقْصَانٌ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَفَاءِ وَ إِنْ نَوَيْتَ النُّقْصَانَ ثُمَّ أَوْفَيْتَ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النُّقْصَانِ.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I own palm trees. Instruct me how to be proper in my giving and taking.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Keep your intention to maintain it (crop) properly fair; if despite such intention, less proper fairness takes place, you are of those who maintain it properly. On the other han
قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ الْوَفَاءُ وَ هُوَ إِذَا كَالَ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ أَنْ يَكِيلَ قَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ حَوْلَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ لَا يُوفِي قَالَ هَذَا لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَكِيلَ.
"I said to him, 'A man has the intention of being honest, but when he measures, he does not know how to measure.' He said, 'What do those around him say?' I said, 'They say he does not fulfill (his measures).' He replied, 'This person should not measure.'"
لَا يَكُونُ الْوَفَاءُ حَتَّى يَرْجَحَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not a proper weighing until a side of balance tilts.’”
لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ غَشَّنَا[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who cheats us is not of our people.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِرَجُلٍ يَبِيعُ التَّمْرَ يَا فُلَانُ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْ غَشَّهُمْ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to a man who sold dates, ‘O master so and so, do you know that one who cheats Muslims is not one of them?”’
كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فَإِذَا دَنَانِيرُ مَصْبُوبَةٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى دِينَارٍ فَأَخَذَهُ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَطَعَهُ بِنِصْفَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَلْقِهِ فِي الْبَالُوعَةِ حَتَّى لَا يُبَاعَ شَيْءٌ فِيهِ غِشٌّ.
“Once we were in the presence of abu al-Hassan (a.s.), while in front of him there were certain pieces of dinars. He (the Imam) looked at one piece and picked it up and broke it into two pieces. He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Throw it in the trash so an adulterated thing is not purchased anymore.’”
دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يَبِيعُ الدَّقِيقَ فَقَالَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْغِشَّ فَإِنَّ مَنْ غَشَّ غُشَّ فِي مَالِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غُشَّ فِي أَهْلِهِ.
“Once, a man who sold flour came before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.). He (the Imam) said to him, ‘Beware of cheating; one who cheats in matters of properties, cheating takes place in his properties, if he does not have any property cheating takes place in his family (wife).”’
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَنْ أَنْ يُشَابَ اللَّبَنُ بِالْمَاءِ لِلْبَيْعِ[3].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited mixing of milk with water to sell.’”
كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ السَّابِرِيَّ فِي الظِّلَالِ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع فَقَالَ لِي يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْبَيْعَ فِي الظِّلِّ غِشٌّ وَ إِنَّ الْغِشَّ لَا يَحِلُ[1].
“Once when I was selling al-Sabiriy (a certain kind of fabric) in the shade, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), passed by and said to me, ‘O Hisham, selling in shade is cheating and cheating is not lawful.’”
مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ص فِي سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَى طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا طَيِّباً وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ سِعْرِهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدُسَّ يَدَيْهِ فِي الطَّعَامِ[2] فَفَعَلَ فَأَخْرَجَ طَعَاماً رَدِيّاً فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ جَمَعْتَ خِيَانَةً وَ غِشّاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ[3].
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn Mahbub from abu Jamilah from Sa‘d al-Iskaf who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Once, in the market place of al-Madinah, the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to
دَعَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَوْلًى لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُصَادِفٌ فَأَعْطَاهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَ قَالَ لَهُ تَجَهَّزْ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَإِنَّ عِيَالِي قَدْ كَثُرُوا قَالَ فَتَجَهَّزَ بِمَتَاعٍ وَ خَرَجَ مَعَ التُّجَّارِ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ مِصْرَ اسْتَقْبَلَتْهُمْ قَافِلَةٌ خَارِجَةٌ مِنْ مِصْرَ فَسَأَلُوهُمْ عَنِ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي مَعَهُمْ مَا حَالُهُ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَ كَانَ مَتَاعَ الْ
“Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), called one of his servants named Musadif and gave him a thousand dinar. He (the Imam) told him to prepare for traveling to Egypt and added, ‘The number of my dependents has increased.’ He (the narrator) has said that the servant prepared certain items of merchandise along with the traders to go
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا عَمَلُكَ قُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ[2] وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ فَقَالَ يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What is your business?’ I replied, ‘It is selling wheat. At times business is good and sometimes it is not good so I hold selling.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What do people who visit you say about it?’ I replied, ‘They say, “He is a hoarder.’” He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does anyone e
إِذَا نَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي تِجَارَةٍ فَلَمْ يَرَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً فَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one starts a certain business, if he does not find any profit in it, he then must change it for another kind of business.’”
إِذَا رُزِقْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ فَالْزَمْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When you (in a business) find sustenance in a certain item then you must continue with it.”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَتَلَقَّى أَحَدُكُمْ تِجَارَةً خَارِجاً مِنَ الْمِصْرِ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ[2].
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must not travel to meet the caravan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers. One must not buy for the ones who are not present. Allah grants su
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطاً مُخَالِفاً لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ فِيمَا وَافَقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
‘If one forms a stipulation against the book of Allah, it is not permissible for him as well for the other party. However, the Muslims must stand by their stipulations which agree with the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. 5 ”
الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي اشْتَرَطَ أَمْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فَإِنْ أَحْدَثَ الْمُشْتَرِي فِيمَا اشْتَرَى حَدَثاً قَبْلَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ فَذَلِكَ رِضًا مِنْهُ فَلَا شَرْطَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا الْحَدَثُ قَالَ أَنْ لَامَسَ أَوْ قَبَّلَ أَوْ نَظَرَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَا كَانَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ الشِّرَاءِ[1].
2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Ali ibn Ri’ab who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A stipulation, the right and choice to return a merchandise, in the case of an animal is applicable only up to three days in favor of the buyer, regardless he has formed any stipulation or not. If the buyer Ahda
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الدَّابَّةَ أَوِ الْعَبْدَ وَ يَشْتَرِطُ إِلَى يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَيَمُوتُ الْعَبْدُ أَوِ الدَّابَّةُ أَوْ يَحْدُثُ فِيهِ حَدَثٌ عَلَى مَنْ ضَمَانُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ الشَّرْطُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ يَصِيرَ الْمَبِيعُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي[1].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who buys an animal or a slave and sets condition good for one or two days; then the slave or animal dies or Ahdatha (does something to it). Who then is responsible for this ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is on the seller until the time of stipula
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ.
“The buyer and the seller each has the choice to dismiss a contract before they depart each other. In a deal for animals it is for three days . 55 5 I then asked, ‘What happens if a man buys something from another man and leaves it with the seller to keep until his return with the purchase price ? 5 He (the Imam) said,
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Both buyer and seller, each one of them, has the choice to dismiss a deal before they depart each other; and in a deal for an animal the choice to retur
قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي قُلْتُ فَمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَيَوَانِ قَالَ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا فَلَا خِيَارَ بَعْدَ الرِّضَا مِنْهُمَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘What is a stipulation in a deal for animals ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is valid for three days in favor of a buyer . 5 I then asked, ‘What is it in a deal for non-animal ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘A buyer and a seller have the choice to dismiss a deal
قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْعاً فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَبِي اشْتَرَى أَرْضاً يُقَالُ لَهَا الْعُرَيْضُ فَابْتَاعَهَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا بِدَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أُعْطِيكَ وَرِقاً بِكُلِّ دِينَارٍ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَبَاعَهُ بِهَا فَقَامَ أَبِي فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ قُمْتَ سَرِيعاً قَا
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man buys something from another man, he has the choice to dismiss the deal before they depart each other. When they depart the deal becomes binding.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ‘My father once purchased a piece of land called “al-‘Arid”. He pu
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ بَايَعْتُ رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا بَايَعْتُهُ قُمْتُ فَمَشَيْتُ خِطَاءً ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى مَجْلِسِي لِيَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ حِينَ افْتَرَقْنَا.
“I heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘I once purchased something from someone; then I got up and walked a few steps, then returned to the meeting place so that the deal becomes binding.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى أَمَةً بِشَرْطٍ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَمَاتَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَ قَدْ قَطَعَ الثَّمَنَ عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ الضَّمَانُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَى ضَمَانٌ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ بِشَرْطِهِ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who purchases a slave-girl from another man with a stipulation for one or two days and she dies with him and the price is paid. Who is responsible?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘There is no responsibility on the buyer until the time of stipulation exp
سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ احْتَاجَ إِلَى بَيْعِ دَارِهِ فَمَشَى إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِيعُكَ دَارِي هَذِهِ وَ تَكُونُ لَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِغَيْرِكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ لِي إِنْ أَنَا جِئْتُكَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِيهَا غ
‘A man asked the Imam (a.s.), when I was present. A Muslim man needed to sell his house and he went to his brother and said. “I want to sell this house to you because I like it to be with you instead of being with others, with one condition that if within a year I come back with money to pay you, return it back to me.’
قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ يَقُولُ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ[3].
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who purchases something from a man and leaves it with him saying, ‘I will come back with payment.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he comes back with payment within three days the transaction is valid, otherwise, it is not valid.’”
آتِيكَ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَسُرِقَ الْمَتَاعُ مِنْ مَالِ مَنْ يَكُونُ قَالَ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى يُقَبِّضَ الْمَتَاعَ وَ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَإِذَا أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَالْمُبْتَاعُ ضَامِنٌ لِحَقِّهِ حَتَّى يَرُدَّ مَالَهُ إِلَيْهِ[1].
It is the property of the seller until the buyer takes possession and it is taken away from the seller’s house. When this happens the buyer is responsible until he returns it back to the seller.’”
عُهْدَةُ الْبَيْعِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ إِنْ كَانَ بِهَا خَبَلٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ أَوْ نَحْوُ هَذَا وَ عُهْدَتُهُ السَّنَةُ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ فَمَا بَعْدَ السَّنَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ[2].
‘In the case of slaves the deal becomes binding after three days. If slaves may have certain defects such as mental condition, leprosy and so on. It becomes binding after one year if the defect is insanity. After one year the choice does not remain of any effect.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّا نُخَالِطُ أُنَاساً مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ فَنَبِيعُهُمْ وَ نَرْبَحُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَشَرَةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ وَ الْعَشَرَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَ نُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ السَّنَةَ وَ نَحْوَهَا وَ يَكْتُبُ لَنَا الرَّجُلُ عَلَى دَارِهِ أَوْ أَرْضِهِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْفَضْلُ الَّذِي أَخَذَ مِنَّا شِرَاءً وَ قَدْ بَاعَ وَ قَبَضَ الثّ
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘We meet people who live in tents far from cities and others. We sell to them certain things and make profit like ten, twelve or thirteen and for a payment after a year and so on. The buyer writes for us to leave his house or land if he did not come with payment. He has taken poss
إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّيْلِ بِالثَّمَنِ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ.
“About the case of a man who buys something which is perishable the same day and leaves it with the seller to bring payment, abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘If he brings payment from that time until night falls the transaction is valid, otherwise, he has no deal.’”
اشْتَرَيْتُ مَحْمِلًا فَأَعْطَيْتُ بَعْضَ ثَمَنِهِ وَ تَرَكْتُهُ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ احْتُبِسْتُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ جِئْتُ إِلَى بَائِعِ الْمَحْمِلِ لآِخُذَهُ فَقَالَ قَدْ بِعْتُهُ فَضَحِكْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُكَ أَوْ أُقَاضِيَكَ فَقَالَ لِي تَرْضَى بِأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقَصَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ قِصَّتَنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بَي
“I once purchased a carriage and paid a certain amount of the price, then left it with the seller. I remained engaged for several days then went to the seller to take possession. He said, ‘I have sold it.’ I laughed and said, ‘By Allah, I will not allow you to do this without asking for a judgment.’ He said, ‘Will you
لِيُشْهِدْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَضِيَهُ فَاسْتَوْجَبَهُ ثُمَّ لْيَبِعْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَإِنْ أَقَامَهُ فِي السُّوقِ وَ لَمْ يَبِعْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ.
The buyer was offered profit and he wanted to sell. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must present testimony to prove that the seller agreed and the deal was binding, then he can sell it if he so wants. If he displays it in the market without selling, it makes the transaction binding.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا التَّاجِرَانِ صَدَقَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فَإِذَا كَذَبَا وَ خَانَا لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَا فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ رَبِّ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ يَتَتَارَكَا[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the two business people speak the truth the transaction is a blessing for them; but if they speak lies and cheat, it does not become a blessing for them. They have the choice to keep or dismiss the transaction as long as they you must not depart each other. After they depart the wo
كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع رَجُلٌ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيراً يَعْمَلُ لَهُ بِنَاءً أَوْ غَيْرَهُ وَ جَعَلَ يُعْطِيهِ طَعَاماً وَ قُطْناً وَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ تَغَيَّرَ الطَّعَامُ وَ الْقُطْنُ مِنْ سِعْرِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ أَعْطَاهُ إِلَى نُقْصَانٍ أَوْ زِيَادَةٍ أَ يَحْتَسِبُ لَهُ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمَ أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمَ حَاسَبَهُ فَوَقَّعَ ع يَحْتَسِبُ لَهُ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمٍ شَارَطَهُ فِي
‘A man has hired another man to work and build a structure for another person and he gives the worker food, cotton and other things; then the prices of food and cotton rise or fall and change from the day he gave him, if he can count on him with the price of the day of delivery or the price of the day of finalizing the
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفْتُهُ دَرَاهِمَ فِي طَعَامٍ فَلَمَّا حَلَّ طَعَامِي عَلَيْهِ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِدَرَاهِمَ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِ لِنَفْسِكَ طَعَاماً وَ اسْتَوْفِ حَقَّكَ قَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُوَلَّى ذَلِكَ غَيْرُكَ وَ تَقُومَ مَعَهُ حَتَّى تَقْبِضَ الَّذِي لَكَ وَ لَا تَتَوَلَّى أَنْتَ شِرَاهُ[2].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom I made advance payment for foodstuff. When the time arrived he sent to me dirhams. He (the Imam) said, ‘Buy foodstuff for yourself and compensate for your right.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘I deem it proper that you appoint som
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ دَرَاهِمَ فِي طَعَامٍ فَحَلَّ الَّذِي لَهُ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ بِدَرَاهِمَ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِ طَعَاماً وَ اسْتَوْفِ حَقَّكَ هَلْ تَرَى بِهِ بَأْساً قَالَ يَكُونُ مَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ يُوَفِّيهِ ذَلِكَ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes advance payment of dirhams in exchange for foodstuff and the time comes but the party sends him dirhams. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can buy foodstuff to compensate for his right. Do you see any problems in it ? 5 He (the Imam)
كُنْتُ جَالِساً عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ وَ مَعَهُ ابْنٌ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تِجَارَةُ ابْنِكَ فَقَالَ التَّنَخُّسُ[2] فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا تَشْتَرِيَنَّ شَيْناً وَ لَا عَيْباً[3] وَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ رَأْساً فَلَا تُرِيَنَّ ثَمَنَهُ فِي كِفَّةِ الْمِيزَانِ فَمَا مِنْ رَأْسٍ رَأَى ثَمَنَهُ فِي كِفَّةِ الْمِيزَانِ فَأَفْلَحَ وَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ رَأ
“Once I was sitting with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when a man came in with his son. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked, ‘What kind of business does your son do?’ He replied, ‘He sells slaves.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘You must not buy what is defective physically or morally. When you buy a head, you must not show its price
لَا يَرُدُّهَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا وَ لَكِنْ تُقَوَّمُ مَا بَيْنَ الْعَيْبِ وَ الصِّحَّةِ فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهَا أَجْراً.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man who buys a slave-girl, then does sexual intercourse, then finds defect in her, and he (the Imam) said, ‘She cannot be returned to her owner, but she can be evaluated as perfect and defective, and the difference of
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْفُهُودِ وَ سِبَاعِ الطَّيْرِ هَلْ يُلْتَمَسُ التِّجَارَةُ فِيهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about Cheetah and predator birds; if business could be sought with them. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is possible.’”
كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَوَائِمُ السُّيُوفِ الَّتِي تُسَمَّى السَّفَنَ[4] أَتَّخِذُهَا مِنْ جُلُودِ السَّمَكِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ الْعَمَلُ لَهَا وَ لَسْنَا نَأْكُلُ لُحُومَهَا فَكَتَبَ ع لَا بَأْسَ[5].
“I once wrote to him (the Imam) (a.s.), and asked, ‘There is a certain sheathing of swords called al-Safan (sandpaper) which is from skin of fish; if it is permissible to work with and we do not eat its meat.’ He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَيَبِيعُ بِهَا خَمْراً وَ خِنْزِيراً ثُمَّ يَقْضِي عَنْهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَوْ قَالَ خُذْهَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed me a certain amount of dirham with which he sold wine and pigs and with such business he paid me back. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful’ or that he (the Imam) said, ‘You can take it.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْهَنُ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الثَّوْبَ أَوِ الْحُلِيَّ أَوْ مَتَاعاً مِنْ مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ فَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ لُبْسِ هَذَا الثَّوْبِ فَالْبَسِ الثَّوْبَ وَ انْتَفِعْ بِالْمَتَاعِ وَ اسْتَخْدِمِ الْخَادِمَ قَالَ هُوَ لَهُ حَلَالٌ إِذَا أَحَلَّهُ وَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ قُلْتُ فَارْتَهَنَ دَاراً لَهَا غَلَّةٌ[1] لِمَنِ الْغَلّ
“I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who left a slave, or clothes, or jewelries, or goods of the household as al-Rahn (security deposit) with someone, then said to mortgagee, ‘You have permission to wear the clothes so wear them and benefit from the goods and use the services of the serva
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص فِي كُلِّ رَهْنٍ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ أَنَّ غَلَّتَهُ تُحْسَبُ لِصَاحِبِ الرَّهْنِ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin had issued a judgment that said, ‘Whoever leaves an income-producing al-Rahn (security deposit), such income is counted in favor of the owner of al-Rahn (security deposit) against what he owes.’”
إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: فِي الْأَرْضِ الْبُورِ[2] يَرْتَهِنُهَا الرَّجُلُ لَيْسَ فِيهَا ثَمَرَةٌ فَزَرَعَهَا وَ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا مَالَهُ إِنَّهُ يَحْتَسِبُ لَهُ نَفَقَتَهُ وَ عَمَلَهُ خَالِصاً ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ نَصِيبَ الْأَرْضِ فَيَحْسُبُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ الَّذِي ارْتَهَنَ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ مَالَهُ فَإِذَا اسْتَوْفَى مَالَهُ فَلْيَدْفَعِ الْأَرْضَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا.
14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asim ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn al-Qays who has said the following: Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one holds a piece of barren land as al-Rahn (security deposit) which has no fruits and he farms it and incurs