Fasting

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنِ السَّعْيِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ إِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَى الدَّارِ الَّتِي عَلَى يَمِينِكَ عِنْدَ أَوَّلِ الْوَادِي فَاسْعَ حَتَّى تَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى أَوَّلِ زُقَاقٍ‌[2] عَنْ يَمِينِكَ بَعْدَ مَا تُجَاوِزُ الْوَادِيَ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَإِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَيْهِ فَكُفَّ عَنِ السَّعْيِ وَ امْشِ مَشْياً وَ إِذَا جِئْتَ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْمَرْوَةِ فَابْدَأْ مِنْ عِنْدِ الزُّقَاقِ الَّذِي وَصَ

“About Sa‘y (walking faster like running slowly) between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.). He (the Imam) said, ‘When you reach the first house on your right side in the beginning of the valley, then walk faster like running slowly until the beginning of the lanes on your right side, then stop S

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَقَفَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ فَلَمَّا هَمَّتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ تَغِيبَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْدَفِعَ‌[3] قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ وَ مِنْ تَشَتُّتِ الْأَمْرِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَحْدُثُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ أَمْسَى ظُلْمِي مُسْتَجِيراً بِعَفْوِكَ وَ أَمْسَى خَوْفِي مُسْتَجِيراً بِأَمَانِكَ وَ أَمْسَى ذُلِّي مُسْتَجِيراً بِعِزِّكَ وَ أَمْسَى

‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, stayed in ‘Arafat. At about sunset before moving fast said, “O Allah, I seek protection with You against poverty, chaotic affairs and the mischief that takes place during the night and day. It is even

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَفَاضَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ يَنْحَرُهَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ صَامَ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً بِمَكَّةَ أَوْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ فِي أَهْلِهِ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who leaves ‘Arafat before sunset. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one badanah to slaughter on the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering), if unable to do this he must fast for eighteen days in Makkah or on the way or at home.’” (Fatwa best explains Hadith 4 of this Chapter)

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُتَمَتِّعِ لَا يَجِدُ الْهَدْيَ قَالَ يَصُومُ قَبْلَ التَّرْوِيَةِ بِيَوْمٍ وَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ قَدِمَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ قَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ التَّشْرِيقِ قُلْتُ لَمْ يُقِمْ عَلَيْهِ جَمَّالُهُ قَالَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ الْحَصْبَةِ وَ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْحَصْبَةُ قَالَ يَوْمُ نَفْرِهِ قُلْتُ يَصُوم

“I once asked abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) about a man who is for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) but does not find an offering-animal. He (the Imam) said, ’He must fast before al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajjah) on the day of al-Tarwiyah and on the day of ‘Arafah. I then said that he has arrived on the day of Tarwiyah. He (the Im

مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً وَ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْعَشْرِ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

‘One who cannot find an offering and likes to fast the three days during the first ten days, it is not an offense for him to do so.”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً قَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ يَوْماً قَبْلَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يَتَسَحَّرُ لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ[1] وَ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ يَوْمَيْنِ بَعْدَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ عَلَيْهِ جَمَّالُهُ أَ يَصُومُهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَ إِنْ شَ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) and does not find offering-animal. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to fast three days in al-Hajj, one day before al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajj ah), on the day of al-Tarwiyah and on the day of ‘Arafah.’ I then asked, ‘What is

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ يَدْخُلُ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ قَالَ فَلَا يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ لَا يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ وَ يَتَسَحَّرُ لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ فَيُصْبِحُ صَائِماً وَ هُوَ يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ وَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ بَعْدَهُ‌[3].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), arrives on the day of al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajj ah) and he does not have offering animal with him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not fast that day or on the day of ‘Arafah. He can eat food before dawn on the day of al-Hasabah

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ‌ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِ‌ فِي عَيْبَتِهِ ثِيَابٌ لَهُ يَبِيعُ مِنْ ثِيَابِهِ وَ يَشْتَرِي هَدْيَهُ قَالَ لَا هَذَا يَتَزَيَّنُ بِهِ الْمُؤْمِنُ يَصُومُ وَ لَا يَأْخُذُ شَيْئاً مِنْ ثِيَابِهِ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man who is for al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), and has clothes in his bag; if he can sell them and buy offering animal from the sale of the clothes. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, believers dress up with clothes. He must fast and must not take anything from his clothe

يُخَلِّفُ الثَّمَنَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَ يَأْمُرُ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهُ وَ يَذْبَحُ عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ مَضَى ذُو الْحِجَّةِ أَخَّرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى قَابِلٍ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ.

“This is about the case of a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who is able to pay but cannot find offering animal. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must leave the cost of the offering animal with someone in Makkah. He must instruct him to buy an offering animal and slaughter it for him. This is sufficient. If it

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ ثَمَنُ هَدْيٍ وَ هُوَ يَجِدُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ- الَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَوَانَى وَ يُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ النَّهَارِ غَلَتِ الْغَنَمُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً قَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who has enough funds for the offering animal available but he delays until the evening when prices become high and the funds that he has now are not enough to buy what he could buy earlier in the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to f

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَمَتَّعَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً فَصَامَ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى نُسُكَهُ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ يَنْتَظِرُ مَقْدَمَ أَهْلِ بِلَادِهِ فَإِذَا ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ دَخَلُوا فَلْيَصُمِ السَّبْعَةَ الْأَيَّامِ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who could not find an offering animal and he fasted the three days. When he completed the acts of his al- Hajj he found out that he needed to remain in Makkah. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wait for the arrival of the people from his town an

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَمَتَّعَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُهْدِي بِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ وَجَدَ ثَمَنَ شَاةٍ أَ يَذْبَحُ أَوْ يَصُومُ قَالَ بَلْ يَصُومُ فَإِنَّ أَيَّامَ الذَّبْحِ قَدْ مَضَتْ‌[2].

‘He must fast; the days for slaughtering have passed.’”

مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ حَتَّى يُهَلَّ هِلَالُ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ صَوْمٌ وَ يَذْبَحُهُ بِمِنًى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who does not fast in Dhu al-Hajjah until it is the month of Muharram, he owes one sheep to slaughter and fasting is not obligatory on him, he must slaughter it in Mina’.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ ثُمَّ أَصَابَ هَدْياً يَوْمَ خَرَجَ مِنْ مِنًى قَالَ أَجْزَأَهُ صِيَامُهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who fasts for three days and on the day of departure finds an offering animal. He (the Imam) said, ‘His fast is sufficient.’”

مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ هَدْيٌ لِمُتْعَتِهِ فَلْيَصُمْ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘If one who did not have an offering animal for his al- Tamattu‘ (advantageous), dies; it becomes obligatory on his guardian to fast on his behalf.’”

أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَمَتَّعُ‌ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِ‌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ هَدْيٌ فَصَامَ‌ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ مَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصُومَ السَّبْعَةَ الْأَيَّامِ أَ عَلَى وَلِيِّهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man for al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who did not have an animal for offering. Therefore, he fasted for three days in al-Hajj : then he died after returning to his family and before fasting the seven days: if it was obligatory on his guardian to fast on his behalf. He (

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَمَتَّعَ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ مَا يَشْتَرِي بِهِ هَدْياً فَلَمَّا أَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ أَيْسَرَ أَ يَشْتَرِي هَدْياً فَيَنْحَرُهُ أَوْ يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ وَ يَصُومُ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ يَشْتَرِي هَدْياً فَيَنْحَرُهُ وَ يَكُونُ صِيَامُهُ الَّذِي صَامَهُ نَافِلَةً لَهُ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who does not have anything to buy an animal for offering. He fasts three days in al-Hajj but then it becomes possible for him to buy an animal for offering. Must he buy an animal for offering and slaughter it or leave it alone and fast the

كَمَالُهَا كَمَالُ الْأُضْحِيَّةِ[5].

“This is about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If he cannot find (offering) he must fast three days in al-Hajj and seven days when you return and this becomes ten complete.’ (2:196) He (the Imam) (a.s.), said that completing fasting is completing the offering obligation.’”

قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع الْمُتَمَتِّعُ يَقْدَمُ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ أَ يَصُومُ مَا لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ يَصْبِرُ إِلَى يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْ فَهُوَ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ[6].

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who arrives but does not have any animal for offering with him; if he can fast before the time to slaughter the offering. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wait until the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering, 10th of Dhu al- Hajjah); and if he di

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ إِتْمَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ فِي الْحَرَمَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَتِمَّهَا وَ لَوْ صَلَاةً وَاحِدَةً.

‘You should perform Salat (prayer) in complete form, even if it is one Salat (prayer).”’

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَعَدَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ لَهَا اعْتَمِرِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَهِيَ لَكِ حَجَّةٌ[1].

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘It is narrated to us that performing al-‘Umrah in the month of Ramadan is equal to al-Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘This was only about a woman to whom the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had promised

كُنْتُ مُقِيماً بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- سَنَةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَ مِائَتَيْنِ فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ الْفِطْرُ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْخُرُوجُ فِي عُمْرَةِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَفْضَلُ أَوْ أُقِيمُ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ الشَّهْرُ وَ أُتِمَّ صَوْمِي فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ كِتَاباً قَرَأْتُهُ بِخَطِّهِ سَأَلْتَ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ عَنْ أَيُّ الْعُمْرَةِ أَفْضَلُ عُمْرَةُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَفْضَلُ يَرْ

“I had decided to stay in al-Madinah in the month of Ramadan in the year two hundred thirteen. When al-Fitr came close I wrote to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), and asked if leaving for al-‘Umrah in the month of Ramadan is better or to stay to complete fasting. He (the Imam) wrote to me a letter that I read was in his own handwrit

كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا أَرَادَ الْعُمْرَةَ انْتَظَرَ إِلَى صَبِيحَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ مُهِلًّا فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.

“When abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), wanted to perform al-‘Umrah he (the Imam) would wait until the morning of the twenty-third of the month of Ramadan, then saying Talbiyah leave on that day.” (Fatwa best explains Hadith 1-4 of this Chapter)

يَوْمُ الْأَضْحَى فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُصَامُ فِيهِ وَ يَوْمُ الْعَاشُورَاءِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُفْطَرُ فِيهِ‌[5].

“Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘The day of al-Adha’ can coincide with a day for fasting, and al-‘Ashura’ with a day which is not for fasting.’” (Please consult Fatwa about Hadith 37 of this Chapter)

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع‌[1] أَيُّمَا أَفْضَلُ الْمُقَامُ بِمَكَّةَ أَوْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ أَيَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ تَقُولُ أَنْتَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا قَوْلِي مَعَ قَوْلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّ قَوْلَكَ يَرُدُّكَ إِلَى قَوْلِي قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْمُقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْمُقَامِ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَا لَئِنْ قُلْتَ ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ذَاكَ يَوْمَ فِط

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘Is staying in Makkah more virtuous or in al- Madinah?’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What do you say about it?’ I (the narrator) replied, ‘My words are not of any significance before your words.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your words return you to my words.’ I (the narrator) then said, ‘I believe

دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَ عَمَّارٌ وَ جَمَاعَةٌ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ص بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ مَا مُقَامُكُمْ فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ قَدْ سَرَّحْنَا ظَهْرَنَا[2] وَ أَمَرْنَا أَنْ نُؤْتَى بِهِ إِلَى خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً فَقَالَ أَصَبْتُمُ الْمُقَامَ فِي بَلَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ وَ اعْمَلُوا لآِخِرَتِكُمْ وَ أَكْثِرُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ يَكُونُ كَيِّساً فِي الدُّنْيَا فَيُقَال

“Once ‘Ammar, a group and I went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in al-Madinah and he asked, ‘For how long have you decided to stay in al-Madinah?’ ‘Ammar said, ‘We have sent our camels to pasture for fifteen days.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your decision to stay in the town of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compens

مَنْ مَاتَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْآمِنِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْهُمْ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَبِيبٍ وَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءُ وَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if one dies in al-Madinah, Allah will raise him on the Day of Judgment among those who have received immunity. Of such people are Yahya ibn Habib, abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhdha’ and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj.”

إِذَا دَخَلْتَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تُقِيمَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ- الْأَرْبِعَاءَ وَ الْخَمِيسَ وَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَصَلِّ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَبْرِ وَ الْمِنْبَرِ- يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ عِنْدَ الْأُسْطُوَانَةِ الَّتِي تَلِي الْقَبْرَ فَتَدْعُو اللَّهَ عِنْدَهَا وَ تَسْأَلُهُ كُلَّ حَاجَةٍ تُرِيدُهَا فِي آخِرَةٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا وَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِيَ عِنْدَ أُسْطُوَانَةِ التَّوْبَةِ وَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عِنْدَ مَقَ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when you enter the Masjid, if you can stay three days, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, perform salat (prayer) between the grave and the pulpit. On Wednesday, perform salat (prayer) near the pillar next to the grave. Appeal before Allah and ask Him for your wishes for the matters of

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ صُمِ الْأَرْبِعَاءَ وَ الْخَمِيسَ وَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَ صَلِّ لَيْلَةَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ عِنْدَ الْأُسْطُوَانَةِ الَّتِي تَلِي رَأْسَ النَّبِيِّ ص وَ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ وَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ عِنْدَ أُسْطُوَانَةِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ[3] وَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عِنْدَ الْأُسْطُوَانَةِ الَّتِي تَلِي مَقَامَ النَّبِيِّ ص وَ ادْعُ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ لِحَاجَت

5. Ibn abu ‘Umayr has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You should fast on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Perform salat (prayer) during Wednesday night and day near the pillar next to the head of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to

يَكُونُ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ قَوْمٌ يُتَّبَعُ فِيهِمْ قَوْمٌ مُرَاءُونَ يَتَقَرَّءُونَ وَ يَتَنَسَّكُونَ حُدَثَاءُ سُفَهَاءُ[2] لَا يُوجِبُونَ أَمْراً بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَ لَا نَهْياً عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ إِلَّا إِذَا أَمِنُوا الضَّرَرَ[3] يَطْلُبُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرُّخَصَ وَ الْمَعَاذِيرَ يَتَّبِعُونَ زَلَّاتِ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ فَسَادَ عَمَلِهِمْ يُقْبِلُونَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ وَ مَا لَا يَكْلِمُهُمْ‌[4] فِي نَفْسٍ

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from certain persons of our people from Bashir ibn ‘Abd Allah from abu ‘Ismah Qadiy of Marve from Jabir who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘During the last era of time there will be a people who are followe

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي الْخُبْزِ وَ لَا تُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُ فَلَوْ لَا الْخُبْزُ مَا صَلَّيْنَا وَ لَا صُمْنَا وَ لَا أَدَّيْنَا فَرَائِضَ رَبِّنَا.

“The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘O Allah, grant us blessings with our loaves of bread and do not take them away from us. Without bread we cannot perform Salat (prayer) or fast, perform our obligations toward our Lord.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ قَالَ لَأَقْعُدَنَّ فِي بَيْتِي وَ لَأُصَلِّيَنَّ وَ لَأَصُومَنَّ وَ لَأَعْبُدَنَّ رَبِّي فَأَمَّا رِزْقِي فَسَيَأْتِينِي فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَذَا أَحَدُ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ.

“I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), that a man says, ‘I stay home, perform Salat (prayer), fast and worship my Lord. My sustenance will come to me. 5 Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘This is one of the three (classes of people) whose prayer is not answered.’”

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ زَوْجَةٍ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ أَبِي وَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِيَ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَا فِيهَا وَ أَنِّي بِتُّ لَيْلَةً وَ لَيْسَتْ لِي زَوْجَةٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ الرَّكْعَتَانِ يُصَلِّيهِمَا رَجُلٌ مُتَزَوِّجٌ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْزَبَ يَقُومُ لَيْلَهُ وَ يَصُومُ نَهَارَهُ ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ أَبِي سَبْعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ تَزَوَّجْ بِهَذِهِ ثُمَّ قَ

6. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah al-Barqiy form ibn Faddal and Ja’far ibn Muhammad from ibn al-Qaddah who has said the following: “Once, a man came to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he (the Imam) asked, ‘Are you married?’ The man replied, ‘No, I am not married.’ My fat

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ وَ لَا وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ وَ لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ وَ لَا صَمْتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ لَا تَعَرُّبَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ‌ وَ لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ لِلْوَلَدِ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Breastfeeding after weaning is not effective, continuous fasting is not valid, one is not an orphan after experiencing wet-dream, vowing to remain silen

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَتَزَوَّجُ الْمُتْعَةَ فَكَرِهْتُهَا وَ تَشَأَّمْتُ بِهَا فَأَعْطَيْتُ اللَّهَ عَهْداً بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَ الْمَقَامِ وَ جَعَلْتُ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ نَذْراً وَ صِيَاماً أَلَّا أَتَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ شَقَّ عَلَيَّ وَ نَدِمْتُ عَلَى يَمِينِي وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِيَدِي مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ مَا أَتَزَوَّجُ فِي الْعَلَانِيَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي عَاهَدْتَ اللَّهَ

“I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I would marry in the manner of al-Mut‘ah (advantageous marriage), I then disliked it and had bad omens about it; then I promised before Allah between the corner of al-Ka 5 bah and the Station of Ibrahim (a.s.), kept a vow

جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ يَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَ يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مُغْضَباً يَحْمِلُ نَعْلَيْهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَوَجَدَهُ يُصَلِّي فَانْصَرَفَ عُثْمَانُ حِينَ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عُثْمَانُ لَمْ يُرْسِلْنِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالرَّهْبَانِيَّةِ وَ لَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَنِيفِي

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once wife of ‘Uthman ibn Maz‘un came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, ‘Uthman, fasts during the day and stands up for Salat (prayer) during the night.’ The Messenger

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لِرَجُلٍ أَصْبَحْتَ صَائِماً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَأَطْعَمْتَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once asked a man, ‘Are you fasting this morning?’ The man replied, ‘No, I am not fasting.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Have you fed a destitute person?’ He

جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا حَقُّ الزَّوْجِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَنْ تُطِيعَهُ وَ لَا تَعْصِيَهُ وَ لَا تَصَدَّقَ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ لَا تَصُومَ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ لَا تَمْنَعَهُ نَفْسَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَتَبٍ‌[1] وَ لَا تَخْرُجَ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ لَعَنَتْ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once a woman came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and asked, ‘What is the right of husband on a woman?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said to her, ‘She must yield to and obey him and must not oppose and d

جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا حَقُّ الزَّوْجِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ قَالَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ‌[1] فَقَالَتْ فَخَبِّرْنِي عَنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَصُومَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْنِي تَطَوُّعاً وَ لَا تَخْرُجَ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَطَيَّبَ بِأَطْيَبِ طِيبِهَا وَ تَلْبَسَ أَحْسَنَ ثِيَابِهَا وَ تَزَيَّنَ بِأَحْسَنِ زِينَتِهَا و

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a woman came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, what is the right of husband on the wife?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Should I tell you a great deal

كُنْتُ‌ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ إِنِّي مُبْتَلًى بِالنِّسَاءِ فَأَزْنِي يَوْماً وَ أَصُومُ يَوْماً فَيَكُونُ ذَا كَفَّارَةً لِذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْ‌ءٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُطَاعَ وَ لَا يُعْصَى فَلَا تَزْنِ وَ لَا تَصُمْ فَاجْتَذَبَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِلَيْهِ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ يَا

“Once I was with Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), when a man came and said, ‘O abu Muhammad, I am addicted to women. One day I commit fornication and the other day I fast; if this can become expiation for the sin.’ Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), said, ‘There is not anything more beloved to Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, than

جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ- يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي طَوْلٌ فَأَنْكِحَ النِّسَاءَ فَإِلَيْكَ أَشْكُو الْعُزُوبِيَّةَ فَقَالَ وَفِّرْ شَعْرَ جَسَدِكَ وَ أَدِمِ الصِّيَامَ فَفَعَلَ فَذَهَبَ مَا بِهِ مِنَ الشَّبَقِ.

36. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from in a marfu’ manner the following: “Once a man came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I do not have the means to get married and I complain before you against

قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ شِهَابٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ مِنْ أَيْنَ زَعَمَ أَصْحَابُكَ أَنَّ مَنْ طَلَّقَ ثَلَاثاً لَمْ يَقَعِ الطَّلَاقُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ لِلْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ فَمَنْ خَالَفَهُمَا رُدَّ إِلَيْهِمَا قَالَ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِيمَنْ طَلَّقَ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ فَخَرَجَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ فِي غَيْرِ بَيْتِهَا تَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ أَوْ يَرُدُّهَا إِلَى

On what basis your people say that divorce pronounced three times does not make it three divorces?’ I said to him, ‘They believe that divorce is based on the book and al -Sunnah and whatever is against them is returned to them.’ He then asked, ‘What do you say about one who has divorced according to the book and Sunnah

إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولُ إِنَّ فُلَاناً زَوْجِي قَدْ نَثَرْتُ لَهُ بَطْنِي‌[1] وَ أَعَنْتُهُ عَلَى دُنْيَاهُ وَ آخِرَتِهِ فَلَمْ يَرَ مِنِّي مَكْرُوهاً وَ أَنَا أَشْكُوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ مِمَّا تَشْتَكِينَهُ قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لِيَ الْيَوْمَ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَ ق

“Abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has stated this Hadith. ‘Once a Muslim woman came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, “O Messenger (of Allah) so and so married me. I gave birth to many children

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَصُمْ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ قَالَ لَا أَقْوَى قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَا أَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْكَ فَأَعْطَاهُ تَمْراً لِإِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَا

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that once a man came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have formed al-Zihar with my wife’. He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Go and set free a slave.’ H

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ عَمَّتِهِ أَوْ خَالَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ الظِّهَارُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْنَاهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ مَتَى يَقَعُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ صَامَ بَعْضاً فَمَرِضَ فَأَفْ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that a man says to his wife that she is like the back of his paternal or maternal aunt. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is al-Zihar.’ He (the narrator) has said that we asked him (the Imam) about al-Zihar and about when expiation becomes due on such man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when he

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَكَانَ كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ الْأَمَةِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قِيلَ فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ يَنْتَ

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who forms al-Zihar about his wife five times or more. He (the Imam) said, Tor every time there is expiation.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I asked him (the Imam) about a man who forms al- Zihar about his wife,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَ عَلَيْهِ ظِهَارٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا عِتْقٍ.

‘He owes one-half of what becomes due on free people. He owes only to fast one month and setting free of slaves does not apply to him as well as charity.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَ عَلَيْهِ ظِهَارٌ فَقَالَ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ صَدَقَةٌ وَ لَا عِتْقٌ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a slave if there is expiation for al-Zihar on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one-half of what is due on a free person of fasting, and setting free of slaves as expiation does not apply in his case as well as paying charity.’”

سَأَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ فَقَالَ يُكَفِّرُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ كَفَّارَةً وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ جَارِيَتِهِ مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا كَفَّارَةٌ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً.

“Once, al-Husayn ibn Mehran asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man who formed al-Zihar about four women. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes expiation for each one.’ He asked him (the Imam) about a man who formed al-Zihar about his wife and his slave-girl and what must he pay. He (the Imam) said, ‘For each one he mu

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ قَالَ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ الرَّقَبَةُ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ صَبِيٌّ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ.

‘The expiation for it is setting free of a slave or fasting for two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people. For freeing a slave, a child born in Islam is sufficient.’”