Fasting

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَخْلُوَ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْسَهَا

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her once. He (the Imam) said, ’If he has divorced her once al-Zihar becomes void and divorce abolishes al-Zihar.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes,

قَرَأْتُ عِتْقَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَإِذَا هُوَ شَرْحُهُ هَذَا مَا أَعْتَقَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَعْتَقَ فُلَاناً غُلَامَهُ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ‌ جَزاءً وَ لا شُكُوراً عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَ يَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ وَ يَصُومَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَتَوَلَّى أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ وَ يَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ شَهِدَ فُلَانٌ وَ فُلَانٌ وَ فُلَانٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Balaad who said, ‘I read the emancipation (deed) of Abu Abdullah asws , for its starting was – ‘This is what Ja’far asws Bin Muhammad asws has emancipated, an emancipation of so and so slave of his asws for the Face of Allah

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ذَبَحَ فَسَبَقَهُ السِّكِّينُ فَقَطَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ هُوَ ذَكَاةٌ وَحِيَّةٌ[3] لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ بِأَكْلِهِ.

‘It is a fast slaughtering and it is not unlawful to use it for food.’”

إِذَا امْتَنَعَ عَلَيْكَ بَعِيرٌ وَ أَنْتَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْحَرَهُ فَانْطَلَقَ مِنْكَ فَإِنْ خَشِيتَ أَنْ يَسْبِقَكَ فَضَرَبْتَهُ بِسَيْفٍ أَوْ طَعَنْتَهُ بِرُمْحٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تُسَمِّيَ فَكُلْ إِلَّا أَنْ تُدْرِكَهُ وَ لَمْ يَمُتْ بَعْدُ فَذَكِّهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once in al-Kufah a bull revolted and broke loose. People rushed with their swords and beat it down. They asked ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘It is a fast slaughtering but its flesh is lawful for food.’”

إِنَّ ثَوْراً بِالْكُوفَةِ ثَارَ فَبَادَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ فَضَرَبُوهُ فَأَتَوْا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَسَأَلُوهُ فَقَالَ ذَكَاةٌ وَحِيَّةٌ وَ لَحْمُهُ حَلَالٌ.

“About the case of a bull that broke loose and people rushed with their swords and beat it down, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘They asked ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘It is a fast slaughtering but its flesh is lawful for food.’”

أَبُو سَعِيدٍ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ- الْكُوفَةُ جُمْجُمَةُ الْعَرَبِ وَ رُمْحُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ كَنْزُ الْإِيمَانِ فَخُذْ عَنْهُمْ أُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص مَكَثَ بِمَكَّةَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً يَطْوِي‌[3] ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ فَمَرَرْنَا بِرِفْقَةٍ جُلُوسٍ يَتَغَدَّوْنَ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْغَدَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَعَمْ أَفْرِجُوا لِنَبِيِّكُمْ فَجَلَسَ بَ

1. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from Bistam ibn Murrah from Ishaq ibn Hassan from Haytham ibn Waqid from Ali ibn al-Hassan al-‘Abdiy from abu Harun from abu Sa‘id al-Khudriy who was asked about the following: “Abu Harun once asked abu Sa‘id al-Khudriy, ‘What do you say about this fish

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي الْخُبْزِ وَ لَا تُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُ فَلَوْ لَا الْخُبْزُ مَا صُمْنَا وَ لَا صَلَّيْنَا وَ لَا أَدَّيْنَا فَرَائِضَ رَبِّنَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

“The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘O Lord, grant us blessings in bread and do not separate it from us. If bread had not been available, we could not fast or perform Salat (prayer) or fulfill any of our obligation toward our

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا طَعِمَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ قَالَ لَهُمْ طَعِمَ عِنْدَكُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ وَ أَكَلَ عِنْدَكُمُ الْأَبْرَارُ وَ صَلَّتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْأَخْيَارُ.

‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, when eating food with a family would say to them, “Fasting people have received food with you, virtuous people have eaten food with you and chosen angels have prayed for you.’””

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تَشَمُّوا الْخُبْزَ[3] كَمَا تَشَمُّهُ السِّبَاعُ فَإِنَّ الْخُبْزَ مُبَارَكٌ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ السَّمَاءَ مِدْرَاراً وَ لَهُ أَنْبَتَ اللَّهُ الْمَرْعَى وَ بِهِ صَلَّيْتُمْ وَ بِهِ صُمْتُمْ وَ بِهِ حَجَجْتُمْ بَيْتَ رَبِّكُمْ.

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must never smell bread like the beasts do. Bread is blessed and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has sent the sky with rain and because of it He

كُنْتُ أُفْطِرُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ مَعَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلِ ع فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا يُؤْتَى بِهِ قَصْعَةً مِنْ ثَرِيدِ خَلٍّ وَ زَيْتٍ فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا يَتَنَاوَلُ مِنْهَا ثَلَاثَ لُقَمٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى بِالْجَفْنَةِ[3].

“I would break my fast with abu ‘ Abd Allah, and abu al-Hassan al-Awwal, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, in the month of Ramadan. First they would bring a bowl of Tharid (bread made in pieces in broth) with vinegar and oil, and at first he (the Imam) would take three morsels, then afterward a big bowl would come.”’

كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يُعْجِبُهُ الْعِنَبُ فَكَانَ يَوْماً صَائِماً فَلَمَّا أَفْطَرَ كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا جَاءَ الْعِنَبُ أَتَتْهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ بِعُنْقُودِ عِنَبٍ فَوَضَعَتْهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَجَاءَ سَائِلٌ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ فَدَسَّتْ‌[2] أُمُّ وَلَدِهِ إِلَى السَّائِلِ فَاشْتَرَتْهُ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَتَتْهُ بِهِ فَوَضَعَتْهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَجَاءَ سَائِلٌ آخَرُ فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ فَفَعَلَتْ أُمُّ ال

“Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, liked grapes. One day he fasted and when it was the time to break his fast, the first thing that was brought to him was grapes. A mother of his child brought a bunch of grapes and placed before him. A beggar came and he (the Imam) give it to him. The mother of his child managed to

تْ‌ أَتَانِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيٌّ ع فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأُتِيَ بِعَشَاءٍ وَ تَمْرٍ وَ كَمْأَةٍ فَأَكَلَ ع وَ كَانَ يُحِبُّ الْكَمْأَةَ.

“Once ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), in the month of Ramadan came to me. For dinner, he brought dates and truffles. He (the Imam) ate it and he liked truffles.’”

الْفُجْلُ أَصْلُهُ يَقْطَعُ الْبَلْغَمَ وَ لُبُّهُ يَهْضِمُ وَ وَرَقُهُ يَحْدُرُ الْبَوْلَ حَدْراً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The essence, roots of radish cuts off phlegm, its core helps digest food and its leaves quicken urine fast.’”

إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَ فِطْرِ كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ يُعْتِقُهُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مُسْكِراً لَمْ تُحْتَسَبْ لَهُ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فَإِنْ مَاتَ فِيهَا مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘In the month of Ramadan at the time of iftar (at sunset) Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, every night frees people from the fire except those who break their fast with intoxicating liquor. If a person drinks intoxicating liquor none of his Salat (prayer) is counted for forty days and

إِنَّ لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى‌ مُسْكِرٍ أَوْ مشاحن‌[1] [مُشَاحِناً] أَوْ صَاحِبَ شَاهَيْنِ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ صَاحِبُ شَاهَيْنِ قَالَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that every night in the month of Ramadan Allah sets free from fire certain people, except those who break their fast with intoxicating substances, a heretic in religion and Sahib of Shahayn (player of the game with two kings). I then asked, ‘What is Sahib of Shahayn ?’ He (the Imam) sai

يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا لِثَلَاثَةٍ صَاحِبِ مُسْكِرٍ أَوْ صَاحِبِ شَاهَيْنِ أَوْ مُشَاحِنٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In the month of Ramadan Allah forgives certain people except a drunk person, a chess playing person and a heretic.’”

كُنْتُ أَمْشِي مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَانْقَطَعَ شِسْعُ نَعْلِهِ فَأَخْرَجْتُ مِنْ كُمِّي شِسْعاً فَأَصْلَحَ بِهِ نَعْلَهُ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ يَدَهُ عَلَى كَتِفِيَ الْأَيْسَرِ وَ قَالَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ كَثِيرٍ مَنْ حَمَلَ مُؤْمِناً عَلَى شِسْعِ نَعْلِهِ حَمَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ دَمْكَاءَ[1] حِينَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى يَقْرَعَ بَابَ الْجَنَّةِ.

“I once was walking with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when the thong and strap of his shoe broke. I took out one from my bag with which he repaired his shoe. He (the Imam) touched my left shoulder saying, ‘O ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Kathir, if one helps a believing person in the matters of his shoe thong Allah, most Majestic, most

مَنْ تَخَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ أَوْ بَالَ قَائِماً أَوْ بَالَ فِي مَاءٍ قَائِماً أَوْ مَشَى فِي حِذَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ شَرِبَ قَائِماً أَوْ خَلَا فِي بَيْتٍ وَحْدَهُ وَ بَاتَ عَلَى غَمَرٍ[1] فَأَصَابَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لَمْ يَدَعْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ وَ أَسْرَعُ مَا يَكُونُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَى الْإِنْسَانِ وَ هُوَ عَلَى بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْحَالاتِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَرَجَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَأَتَى وَادِ

‘Unless Allah wills otherwise, something from Satan reaches very fast to one who defecates on a grave or urinates standing or urinates in stagnant water or walks in one shoe or drinks water standing, or stays in a house alone or sleeps overnight with his hands greasy with animal fat. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah (sa

بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع بِوَصِيَّةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ هِيَ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ وَ قَضَى بِهِ فِي مَالِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَلِيٌّ ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ لِيُولِجَنِي بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَ يَصْرِفَنِي بِهِ عَنِ النَّارِ وَ يَصْرِفَ النَّارَ عَنِّي‌ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ‌ أَنَّ مَا كَانَ لِي مِنْ مَالٍ بِيَنْبُعَ يُعْرَفُ لِي فِيه

7. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “Abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, sent to me the will of ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, whic

الْحَدُّ فِي السَّفَرِ الَّذِي إِذَا زَنَى لَمْ يُرْجَمْ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْصَناً قَالَ إِذَا قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, (It has been narrated) that he asws said, ‘The Penalty (Hadd) during the travel for the one who commits adultery, he would not be stoned even if he was married, (a journey where he has to) shorten (the Prayer) and break the Fast’.

قُلْتُ‌ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْغَائِبِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ يَزْنِي هَلْ يُرْجَمُ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا قَالَ لَا يُرْجَمُ الْغَائِبُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ لَا الْمُمْلَكُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَبْنِ بِأَهْلِهِ‌[1] وَ لَا صَاحِبُ الْمُتْعَةِ قُلْتُ فَفِي أَيِّ حَدِّ سَفَرِهِ لَا يَكُونُ مُحْصَناً قَالَ إِذَا قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ فَلَيْسَ بِمُحْصَنٍ.

Ali, from his father, form Abdul Rahman Bin Hammad, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah asws , ‘Inform me about the absentee from his wife, he commits adultery, would he be stoned when there was a wife for him and he was absent from her?’ He asws said: ‘The absentee from his wife is not stoned, nor t

أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالنَّجَاشِيِّ الشَّاعِرِ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَضَرَبَهُ ثَمَانِينَ ثُمَّ حَبَسَهُ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ دَعَا بِهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَضَرَبَهُ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطاً فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَدْ ضَرَبْتَنِي فِي شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ هَذِهِ الْعِشْرُونَ مَا هِيَ فَقَالَ هَذَا لِتَجَرِّيكَ عَلَى شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Salim, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabid, raising it, from Abu Maryam who said, ‘They came to Amir Al-Momineen asws with Al-Najjashy the poet who had drunk the wine during the Month of Ramazan. So he asws whipped him eighty (lashes). Then he asws held him in c

إِنْ كَانَ قَدِ اسْتَكْرَهَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَتَانِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَكْرِهْهَا[2] فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَ عَلَيْهَا كَفَّارَةٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكْرَهَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ ضَرْبُ خَمْسِينَ سَوْطاً نِصْفِ الْحَدِّ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ طَاوَعَتْهُ ضُرِبَ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطاً وَ ضُرِبَتْ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطاً.

Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bandaar, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Ahmar, from Abdullah Bin Hammad Al Ansary, from Mufazzal Bin Umar, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding a man who came to his wife and she was Fasting, and he was Fasting’. He asws said: ‘If she was forced, so upon him would be two expiations,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي الْمَرْأَةَ وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ قَالَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ الْحَيْضِ دِينَارٌ وَ فِي اسْتِدْبَارِهِ نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنَ الْحَدِّ قَالَ نَعَمْ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطاً رُبُعَ حَدِّ الزَّانِي لِأَنَّهُ أَتَى سِفَاحاً.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far, from Abu Habeeb, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about the man who came to the woman and she was Fasting. He asws said: ‘It would be Obligated upon him, during the beginning of the menstruation, one Dinar, and during its ending, hal

مَنْ أُخِذَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ يُقْتَلُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Abu Baseer, Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘The one who is seized in a Month of Ramazan and he had broken his Fast, so it is raised to the Imam asws , he asws would kill him during the third (offence)’.

سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ شُهُودٌ أَنَّهُ أَفْطَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَقَالَ يُسْأَلُ هَلْ عَلَيْكَ فِي إِفْطَارِكَ إِثْمٌ فَإِنْ قَالَ لَا فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ وَ إِنْ هُوَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَنْهَكَهُ ضَرْباً[1].

Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Bureyd Al Ajaly who said, ‘Abu Ja’far asws was asked about a man against whom witnesses testified that he had broken a Fast from the Month of Ramazan for three days. He asws said: ‘He would be asked, ‘Is there a sin upon you with regards to your breaking the Fast?’ So if he says

سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِ يَقْتُلُ الْمُؤْمِنَ مُتَعَمِّداً أَ لَهُ تَوْبَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ لِإِيمَانِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ لِغَضَبٍ أَوْ لِسَبَبِ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ تَوْبَتَهُ أَنْ يُقَادَ مِنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عُلِمَ بِهِ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَأَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُمْ بِقَتْلِ صَاحِبِهِمْ فَإِنْ عَفَوْا عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ أَعْطَاهُمُ

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub from Abdullah Bin Sinan and Ibn Bakeyr, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘He asws was asked about the Believer who kills the Believer deliberately, is there repentance for hi

يُقَادُ بِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ بِهِ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ فَإِنْ عَفَوْا عَنْهُ أَعْطَاهُمُ الدِّيَةَ وَ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً وَ صَامَ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ وَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً.

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suwed, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having been asked about a man who killed a Believer and he knew he was a Believer, besides that it was anger that carried him upon killin

يُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً وَ يَصُومُ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ وَ يَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Humran, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding the man who kills a slave of his. He asws said: ‘He has to emancipate a neck, and Fast for two months consecutively, and repents to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic’.

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَطَعَ رَأْسَ رَجُلٍ مَيِّتٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَّمَ مِنْهُ مَيِّتاً كَمَا حَرَّمَ مِنْهُ حَيّاً فَمَنْ فَعَلَ بِمَيِّتٍ فِعْلًا يَكُونُ فِي مِثْلِهِ اجْتِيَاحُ نَفْسِ الْحَيِّ فَعَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةُ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع فَقَالَ صَدَقَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَكَذَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قُلْتُ فَمَنْ قَطَعَ رَأْسَ مَيِّتٍ أَوْ شَقَّ ب

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Hafs, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws was asked about a man who cut off the head of a dead man. So he asws said: ‘Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic has Sanctified from it for a dead just as He azwj has Sanctified from it for a living. So the one wh

فِي‌ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ يُطْعِمُ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ مُدٌّ مِنْ دَقِيقٍ وَ حَفْنَةٌ[1] أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ‌ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ ثَوْبَانِ أَوْ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ هُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْخِيَارِ أَيَّ الثَّلَاثَةِ صَنَعَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى وَاحِدَةٍ مِنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ فَالصِّيَامُ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.

“About the case of Kaffarah (expiation) because of oath abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It (expiation) is to feed ten destitute people each with one mud (a certain measurement) or a handful of wheat or flour, or clothe them with two pieces of clothes to each person, or free a slave. He has the choice for any one of t

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ‌[2] مَا حَدُّ مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ وَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَسْأَلُ فِي كَفِّهِ وَ هُوَ يَجِدُ فَقَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلٌ عَنْ قُوتِ عِيَالِهِ فَهُوَ مِمَّنْ لَا يَجِدُ.

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the expiation for oath mentioned in the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . if one cannot find then it is three days fasting.’ (5:91) and about the limit of ‘if one cannot find’ and that a man asks for help (beggar) but he is not of ‘if one cannot find’. He (the

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ كِسْوَةٌ وَ الْكِسْوَةُ ثَوْبَانِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ‌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٍ وَ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُدّاً مُدّاً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the expiation because of oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is to set free a slave or clothing with two clothes or feeding ten destitute persons. Whichever of the three he chooses is sufficient, and if he cannot find any of them, then it is three consecutive days of fasting and in

فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ‌ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ ما تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ‌ وَ الْوَسَطُ الْخَلُّ وَ الزَّيْتُ وَ أَرْفَعُهُ الْخُبْزُ وَ اللَّحْمُ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ وَ الْكِسْوَةُ ثَوْبَانِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَعَلَيْهِ الصِّيَامُ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ‌[4].

About the case of expiation due to an oath which is freeing a slave, or feeding ten destitute person of the average kind of food for your family or clothing them, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The average kind of food is vinegar and oil, and a high quality is bread and meat. Charity is one mud (a certain measuremen

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَمَّنْ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَفِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُدّاً مُدّاً مِنْ دَقِيقٍ أَوْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ تَحْرِيرِ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَوَالِيَاتٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has said by Allah, but has not remained firm about it. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘The Kaffarah (expiation) for it is to feed ten destitute people, one mud (a certain measurement) to each one of flour or wheat, or free a slave, or fast for three consecut

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ ضَعُفَ عَنِ الصَّوْمِ وَ عَجَزَ قَالَ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ عَجَزَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعُدْ فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ الْكَفَّارَةِ وَ أَقْصَاهُ وَ أَدْنَاهُ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّهُ وَ يُظْهِرُ تَوْبَةً وَ نَدَامَةً.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the Kaffarah (expiation) due to oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is fasting for three days.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one feels weak and cannot do it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He can give charity to ten destitute people.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he cannot do it?’ He (the Imam) s

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَا يُطْعِمُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ يُطْعِمُ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ مُدّاً مُدّاً فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ‌.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If one is able to feed ten destitute people for expiation of an oath he cannot fast instead. He must feed ten destitute people, one mud (a certain measurement) to each one, and if one cannot do this, then he must fast for three days.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ النَّذْرُ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ حَتَّى يُسَمِّيَ شَيْئاً لِلَّهِ صِيَاماً أَوْ صَدَقَةً أَوْ هَدْياً أَوْ حَجّاً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until one specifies it, like fasting, charity, a gift or al-Hajj.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ حَتَّى يُسَمِّيَ النَّذْرَ وَ يَقُولَ عَلَيَّ صَوْمٌ لِلَّهِ أَوْ يَتَصَدَّقَ أَوْ يُعْتِقَ أَوْ يُهْدِيَ هَدْياً وَ إِنْ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَنَا أُهْدِي هَذَا الطَّعَامَ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِشَيْ‌ءٍ إِنَّمَا تُهْدَى الْبُدْنُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until he says, “There is fasting, or paying charity, or freeing a slave, or offering an animal offering.” If a man says, “I give this food as an offering

كَتَبَ بُنْدَارُ مَوْلَى إِدْرِيسَ‌ يَا سَيِّدِي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ كُلَّ يَوْمِ سَبْتٍ فَإِنْ أَنَا لَمْ أَصُمْهُ مَا يَلْزَمُنِي مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَكَتَبَ وَ قَرَأْتُهُ لَا تَتْرُكْهُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِلَّةٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ صَوْمُهُ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ لَا مَرَضٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ نَوَيْتَ ذَلِكَ‌[2] وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ لِسَبْعَةِ مَسَاكِينَ‌[3] نَس

“Bundar, maxvla of Idris, once wrote, ‘My master, I made a vow and commitment to fast every Saturday; and if I did not fast what is the expiation?’ He (the Imam) wrote and I read it, ‘Do not stop fasting except because of illness, and you do not have to fast when on a journey or during your illness unless you had the i

أَنْ يَصُومَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ دَائِماً مَا بَقِيَ فَوَافَقَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ عِيدِ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحًى أَوْ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ أَوِ السَّفَرَ أَوْ مَرِضَ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَوْ قَضَاؤُهُ أَوْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ يَا سَيِّدِي فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ قَدْ وَضَعَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ الصِّيَامَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ كُلِّهَا وَ يَصُومُ يَوْماً بَدَلَ يَوْمٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُ

“My master, a man has made a vow and commitment to fast on Fridays all the time. What happens if such days coincide with the day of ‘Id of Fitr, or Adha’, or days of al-Tashriq or a journey or illness; if he owes to fast on such days or its Qada’ (compensatory fasting) and what must he do, O my master?’ He (the Imam) w

يُعْطِي مَنْ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدَّيْنِ.

“About the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to fast and is not able to do so, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must pay someone to fast for him and for every day it is two mud (a certain measurement) of food.’”

سَأَلَ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ‌[3] وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ نَذْراً صَوْماً وَ أَرَادَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُنْدَبٍ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ نَذْراً صَوْماً فَحَضَرَتْهُ نِيَّتُهُ فِي زِيَارَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ يَخْرُجُ وَ لَا يَصُومُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَإِذَا رَجَعَ قَضَى ذَلِ

“’Abbad ibn Maymun asked (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.)) when I was present, about the case of a man who made a vow and commitment to fast and wanted to leave for Makkah. ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab said, ‘I heard the one who narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who was asked about a man who made a vow and commitment to fast. He bec

كُلُّ مَنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَذْرٍ نَذَرَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ‌[4].

“Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever makes a vow and commitment to fast and then fails to do so, the expiation on him is like the Kaffarah (expiation) for an oath.’”

إِنَّ أُمِّي كَانَتْ جَعَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا نَذْراً نَذَرَتْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي بَعْضِ وُلْدِهَا فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ كَانَتْ تَخَافُهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَصُومَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ فِيهِ عَلَيْهَا مَا بَقِيَتْ فَخَرَجَتْ مَعَنَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَشْكَلَ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامُهَا فِي السَّفَرِ فَلَمْ تَدْرِ تَصُومُ أَوْ تُفْطِرُ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا تَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ

“My mother had made a vow and commitment. She had made a commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, about one of her children because of fear of something for him. She said that from that day on, she will fast all the time as long as she lives. She came out with us to Makkah, her fasting on the journey made us

مَنْ عَجَزَ عَنِ الْكَفَّارَةِ الَّتِي تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٍ أَوْ عِتْقٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ فِي يَمِينٍ أَوْ نَذْرٍ أَوْ قَتْلٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَجِبُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فَالاسْتِغْفَارُ لَهُ كَفَّارَةٌ مَا خَلَا يَمِينَ الظِّهَارِ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُكَفِّرُ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَرْضَى الْمَرْأَةُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَهُ وَ لَا يُجَامِ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘If one fails to pay an expiation which is due on him or setting free of a slave or charity because of an oath or a vow and commitment or murder and so forth or causes for which expiation is obligatory on him, then asking forgiveness is his choice in place of paying expia

إِنْ شَاءَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْماً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَصَدَّقَ بِرَغِيفٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), was asked about a man who makes a vow and commitment without specifying anything, has said, ‘If he wants he can perform two Rak‘at Salat (prayer) or fast for one day or give one loaf of bread for charity.’”

خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ خَلَّتَانِ‌[5] اتِّبَاعُ الْهَوَى وَ طُولُ الْأَمَلِ أَمَّا اتِّبَاعُ الْهَوَى فَيَصُدُّ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ أَمَّا طُولُ الْأَمَلِ فَيُنْسِي الْآخِرَةَ أَلَا إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا قَدْ تَرَحَّلَتْ مُدْبِرَةً وَ إِنَّ الْآخِرَةَ قَدْ تَرَحَّلَتْ مُقْبِلَةً وَ لِكُلِّ وَا

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ كَانَ فِي وَصِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ص لِعَلِيٍّ ع أَنْ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ أُوصِيكَ فِي نَفْسِكَ بِخِصَالٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا عَنِّي ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنْهُ أَمَّا الْأُولَى فَالصِّدْقُ وَ لَا تَخْرُجَنَّ مِنْ فِيكَ كَذِبَةٌ أَبَداً وَ الثَّانِيَةُ الْوَرَعُ وَ لَا تَجْتَرِئْ عَلَى خِيَانَةٍ أَبَداً وَ الثَّالِثَةُ الْخَوْفُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ وَ الرَّابِ

‘There was in the bequest of the Prophet (saww) to Ali (asws) that he (saww) said: ‘O Ali (asws), I (saww) hereby bequeath you (asws) with regards to yourself (asws) of qualities, so preserve them from me (saww)’. Then he (saww) said: ‘Our Allah (azwj), Support him (asws). As for the first one is to be truthful, and do

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي فُسْطَاطٍ لَهُ بِمِنًى فَنَظَرَ إِلَى زِيَادٍ الْأَسْوَدِ مُنْقَلِعَ الرِّجْلِ‌ فَرَثَى لَهُ‌[1] فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا لِرِجْلَيْكَ هَكَذَا قَالَ جِئْتُ عَلَى بَكْرٍ لِي نِضْوٍ فَكُنْتُ‌[2] أَمْشِي عَنْهُ عَامَّةَ الطَّرِيقِ فَرَثَى لَهُ وَ قَالَ لَهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ زِيَادٌ إِنِّي أُلِمُّ بِالذُّنُوبِ حَتَّى إِذَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ هَلَكْتُ ذَكَرْتُ حُبَّكُمْ فَرَجَوْتُ النَّجَاةَ وَ ت

‘I was in the presence of Abu Ja’far (asws) in his (asws) tent at Mina. He (asws) looked at the feet of Ziyad which had turned black, so he felt pity for him and said: ‘What is the matter with your feet that they are like this?’ He said, ‘I came upon a week's ride and I had to walk most of the way’. He (asws) lamented