Hajj & Pilgrimage

وَ قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ يُتِمُّونَ الصَّلَاةَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ- قَالَ وَيْلَهُمْ أَوْ وَيْحَهُمْ‌[7] وَ أَيُّ سَفَرٍ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ لَا لَا يُتَمُ‌[8].

Hadith.1301 - Muawiya ibn Ammar said to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "The people of Mecca complete (perform in full) their prayers at Arafat." He (as) replied: "Woe to them! (Or, Alas for them!) What journey is more significant than this? No, it should not be completed”.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ فَصَلَّتْ ذَاهِبَةً وَ جَائِيَةً الْمَغْرِبَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا إِعَادَةٌ. وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا قَضَاءٌ[5].

I asked Abu al-Hasan al-Ridha (as) about a woman who was on the way to Mecca and performed the Maghrib prayer two rak'ahs going and two rak'ahs returning. Imam (as) said: "She does not need to repeat it." In another narration from al-Hussain ibn Sa'id, from ibn Abi Umayr, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ammar, from Abu al-

لَهُ‌ مَتَى فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى مَا هِيَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ظَهَرَتِ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ قَوِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجِهَادَ زَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الصَّلَاةِ سَبْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي الظُّهْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ فِي الْعَصْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَةً وَ فِي الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَقَرَّ ا

Hadith.1319 - Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib asked Ali ibn al-Hussain (as), "When was the prayer made obligatory upon the Muslims in the form it is today?" He (as) replied: "In Medina, when the call (to Islam) became manifest, Islam was strengthened, and Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, prescribed jihad upon the Muslims. T

لَا تَدَعْ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَ قُلْ يا أَيُّهَا الْكافِرُونَ‌ فِي سَبْعَةِ مَوَاطِنَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ وَ رَكْعَتَيِ الزَّوَالِ وَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ رَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ وَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْإِحْرَامِ وَ الْفَجْرِ إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ بِهَا[2].

Hadith.1424 - Do not neglect to recite 'Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad' (Surah Al-Ikhlas) and ‘Qul ya-ayyuhal kaafirun’ (Surah al-Kafirun) in seven positions: in the first two Rak'ahs of the Night Prayer, in the two Rak'ahs before Fajr, in the two Rak'ahs of Dhuha (mid-morning), in the two Rak'ahs after Maghrib, in the two Rak'a

السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ أَنْ يَبْرُزُوا مِنْ أَمْصَارِهِمْ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلَّا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ.

Hadith.1466 - Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father (as) that He said: "The Sunnah (tradition) for the people of cities is to go out from their cities for the two Eid prayers, except for the people of Mecca, who pray in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram)."

نَعَمْ إِلَّا بِمِنًى يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ.

Hadith.1477 - Sa'd ibn Sa'd narrated from al-Ridha (as) regarding a traveler to Mecca or elsewhere, asking if the traveler is obligated to perform the Eid prayers (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha). He (Imam (as)) said: "Yes, except in Mina on the Day of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha)."

وَ خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَوْمَ اَلْفِطْرِ فَقَالَ: « «اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ اَلَّذِي خَلَقَ اَلسَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ اَلْأَرْضَ وَ جَعَلَ اَلظُّلُمٰاتِ وَ اَلنُّورَ ثُمَّ اَلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ» لاَ نُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً وَ لاَ نَتَّخِذُ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيّاً وَ «اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ اَلَّذِي لَهُ مٰا فِي اَلسَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ مٰا فِي اَلْأَرْضِ وَ لَهُ اَلْحَمْدُ فِي» اَلدُّن

Hadith.1482 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) delivered a sermon on the day of Eid al-Fitr and said: "Praise be to Allah (swt), Who created the heavens and the earth and made the darkness and the light, and then those who disbelieve in their Lord (azj) associate others with Him." "We do not as

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرِّيَاحِ الْأَرْبَعِ الشَّمَالِ وَ الْجَنُوبِ وَ الصَّبَا وَ الدَّبُورِ[3] وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ الشَّمَالَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ الْجَنُوبَ مِنَ النَّارِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جُنُوداً مِنَ الرِّيحِ يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا مَنْ عَصَاهُ مُوَكَّلٌ بِكُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهُنَّ مَلَكٌ مُطَاعٌ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ قَوْماً بِعَذَابٍ

I asked Abu Ja'far (as) about the four winds—the North wind (Shamal), the South wind (Janub), the East wind (Saba), and the West wind (Dabur). I told him, "The people say that the North wind is from Paradise and the South wind is from Hell." Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has armies from

صَلَاةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ حَجَّةً وَ حَجَّةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ بَيْتٍ مَمْلُوءٍ ذَهَباً يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ فِي بِرٍّ حَتَّى يَنْفَدَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ لَا أَفْلَحَ مَنْ ضَيَّعَ عِشْرِينَ بَيْتاً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَماً فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا مَعْنَى خَمْسَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَماً قَالَ مَنْ مَنَعَ الزَّكَاةَ وُقِفَتْ صَلَاتُهُ حَتَّى يُزَكِّيَ

نَعَمْ.

Hadith.1632 - Muhammad ibn Muslim asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a person who has never performed Hajj (ṣarūrah): "Can they perform Hajj using Zakat funds?" The Imam (as) replied: "Yes."

وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يَقْطِينٍ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : يَكُونُ عِنْدِيَ اَلْمَالُ مِنَ اَلزَّكَاةِ فَأُحِجُّ بِهِ مَوَالِيَّ وَ أَقَارِبِي قَالَ «نَعَمْ لاَ بَأْسَ.

Hadith.1633 - Ali ibn Yaqtin said to Abu al-Hasan al-Awwal (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)): "I have Zakat funds in my possession. Can I use them to send my dependents and relatives to perform Hajj?" The Imam (as) replied: "Yes, there is no issue."

بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ الْحَجِّ وَ الصَّوْمِ وَ الْوَلَايَةِ[1]

قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَوْماً يَا زُهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ فَقُلْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَفِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قُلْتُ تَذَاكَرْنَا أَمْرَ الصَّوْمِ فَأَجْمَعَ رَأْيِي وَ رَأْيُ أَصْحَابِي عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَاجِبٌ إِلَّا صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا زُهْرِيُّ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ وَجْهاً فَعَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا وَاجِبَةٌ كَوُجُوبِ شَهْر

Hadith.1784 - It is narrated from al-Zuhri that he said: "One day, Imam Zain al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein (as) said to me: 'O Zuhri, where have you come from?' I replied: 'From the mosque.' Imam (as) asked: 'What were you discussing?' I said: 'We were discussing the matter of fasting, and my opinion along with that of

وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ فِي تِسْعٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ‌[1] مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْكَعْبَةَ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ رَحْمَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فَمَنْ صَامَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ كَانَ كَفَّارَةَ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً.

Hadith.1815 - It is narrated: "On the 29th of Dhu al-Qa‘dah, Allah (swt), the Almighty, sent down the Ka‘bah, which was the first mercy to descend. Whoever fasts on that day, it will be an expiation for seventy years."

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي لَيْلَةِ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ لِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ عَدَدِ شَعْرِ مِعْزَى كَلْبٍ‌[3] وَ يُنْزِلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَائِكَتَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ بِمَكَّةَ. وَ قَدْ أَخْرَجْتُ مَا رُوِّيتُهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي كِتَابِ فَضَائِلِ شَعْبَانَ‌[4].

"I said to Abu Ja‘far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as)): 'What do you say about the night of the middle of Sha‘ban?' Imam (as) said: 'On that night, Allah (swt), the Almighty, forgives more of His creation than the number of the hairs on the goats of the tribe of Kalb. On that night, Allah (swt), the Almighty, send

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا فِيمَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِهِ خُرُوجٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ أَوْ غَزْوٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ مَالٌ تَخَافُ هَلَاكَهُ أَوْ أَخٌ تَخَافُ هَلَاكَهُ وَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِأَخٍ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِ‌[1].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about traveling once the Month of Ramadan has begun. Imam (as) said: 'Do not [travel], except in cases I will inform you of: traveling to Mecca, waging battle in the way of Allah (swt) Almighty, preserving wealth you fear will perish, or saving a brother you fear will face destruction—and he

إِذَا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسَافِراً أَفْطَرَ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ النَّاسُ وَ فِيهِمُ الْمُشَاةُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ‌[2] دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَ تَمَّ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى صَوْمِهِمْ فَسَمَّاهُمُ الْعُصَاةَ وَ إِ

"When a man travels during the Month of Ramadan, he breaks his fast." Imam (as) continued: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) departed from Medina to Mecca during Month of Ramadan, accompanied by people among whom were pedestrians. When he reached Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm, between noon and afternoo

إِذَا رَجَعَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ‌[4].

Hadith.1995 - It was narrated by Uqbah ibn Khalid from Abu Abdullah (as): "Regarding a man who became ill during the Month of Ramadan and, after recovering, intended to perform Hajj, how should he deal with making up the missed fasts? Imam (as) said: 'When he returns, he should fast them.'"

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع عَلَى يَدِ أَبِي‌[2] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الصَّاعِ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ الْفِطْرَةُ بِصَاعِ الْمَدَنِيِّ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ بِصَاعِ الْعِرَاقِيِّ فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ الصَّاعُ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْمَدَنِيِّ وَ تِسْعَةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْعِرَاقِيِّ قَالَ وَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ بِالْوَزْنِ أَلْفاً وَ مِائَةً وَ سَبْعِينَ وَزْنَةً[3].

Hadith.2063 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ja'far ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Al-Hamadhani, who was with us during Hajj. He said: "I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as) through Abu (a messenger), saying: 'May I be your ransom, our companions have differed regarding the measure of the sa': some say Zakat a

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي الِاعْتِكَافِ بِبَغْدَادَ فِي بَعْضِ مَسَاجِدِهَا قَالَ لَا تَعْتَكِفْ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ جَمَاعَةٍ قَدْ صَلَّى فِيهِ إِمَامٌ عَدْلٌ جَمَاعَةً وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُعْتَكَفَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ وَ الْبَصْرَةِ- وَ مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَ مَسْجِدِ مَكَّةَ[1].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as): 'What do you say about performing i'tikaf in Baghdad in some of its mosques?' Imam (as) replied: 'Do not perform i'tikaf except in a congregational mosque where a just Imam has led the congregation in prayer. There is no harm in performing i'tikaf in the mosque of Kufa, the mosque of Basra,

الْمُعْتَكِفُ بِمَكَّةَ يُصَلِّي فِي أَيِّ بُيُوتِهَا شَاءَ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِ صَلَّى فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ فِي بُيُوتِهَا[5].

Hadith.2092 - In a narration from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (as), it is reported: "The one performing i'tikaf in Mecca may pray in any of its houses; it is the same whether they pray in the mosque or in its houses."

الْمُعْتَكِفُ بِمَكَّةَ يُصَلِّي فِي أَيِّ بُيُوتِهَا شَاءَ وَ الْمُعْتَكِفُ فِي غَيْرِهَا لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي سَمَّاهُ.

Hadith.2093 - In a narration from Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu Abdullah (as), it is reported: "The one performing i'tikaf in Mecca may pray in any of its houses as they wish. However, the one performing i'tikaf elsewhere must pray only in the specific mosque designated for their i'tikaf."

لَا يَكُونُ الِاعْتِكَافُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ مَنِ اعْتَكَفَ صَامَ وَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُعْتَكِفِ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ كَمَا يَشْتَرِطُ الَّذِي يُحْرِمُ‌[2].

"I'tikaf cannot be for less than three days. Whoever performs i'tikaf must fast, and it is appropriate for the one performing i'tikaf to make a stipulation, just as one who enters into ihram (for pilgrimage) makes a stipulation."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ اعْتِكَافُ عَشْرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَعْدِلُ حَجَّتَيْنِ وَ عُمْرَتَيْنِ.

Hadith.2101 - In a narration from Al-Sakuni, with his chain of transmission, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Performing i'tikaf for ten days in the Month of Ramadan is equivalent to two Hajj and two Umrah."

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ سُمِّيَتِ الْكَعْبَةُ كَعْبَةً لِأَنَّهَا وَسَطُ الدُّنْيَا[2].

Hadith.2109 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The Ka'bah was named 'Ka'bah' because it is the center of the world."

وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ (3) أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ كَعْبَةً لِأَنَّهَا مُرَبَّعَةٌ وَ صَارَتْ مُرَبَّعَةً

Hadith.2110 - It is narrated: "The Ka'bah was named 'Ka'bah' because it is cubical in shape. It became cubical because it is directly beneath the Bayt al-Ma‘mur, which is also cubical. The Bayt al-Ma‘mur became cubical because it is directly beneath the Throne (‘Arsh), which is cubical as well. The Throne is cubical be

وَ سُمِّيَ بَيْتُ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامَ لِأَنَّهُ حُرِّمَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهُ‌[1].

Hadith.2111 - The House of Allah (swt), the Sacred (Bayt Allah (swt) al-Haram), was so named because it was made forbidden (haram) for the polytheists to enter it.

وَ سُمِّيَ الْبَيْتُ الْعَتِيقَ لِأَنَّهُ أُعْتِقَ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ‌[2].

Hadith.2112 - The House (Ka'bah) was named al-Bayt al-Atiq (The Ancient House) because it was saved (freed) from being submerged in the flood.

وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ سُمِّيَ الْعَتِيقَ لِأَنَّهُ بَيْتٌ عَتِيقٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكْهُ أَحَدٌ[3].

Hadith.2113 - It is narrated: "It was named al-Atiq (the Ancient) because it is a house independent of people and has never been owned by anyone."

وَ وُضِعَ اَلْبَيْتُ فِي وَسَطِ اَلْأَرْضِ لِأَنَّهُ اَلْمَوْضِعُ اَلَّذِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِ دُحِيَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ وَ لِيَكُونَ اَلْفَرْضُ لِأَهْلِ اَلْمَشْرِقِ وَ اَلْمَغْرِبِ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءً ».

Hadith.2114 - The House (Ka'bah) was placed in the center of the Earth because it is the spot from beneath which the Earth was spread out, and so that its obligation could be equal for the people of both the East and the West.

وَ سُمِّيَ اَلْحَطِيمُ حَطِيماً لِأَنَّ اَلنَّاسَ يَحْطِمُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً هُنَالِكَ».

Hadith.2115 - The area known as al-Hatim was named as such because people crowd and jostle each other there, "crushing" (yahtim) one another in that space.

لَهُ مُرِ النَّاسَ أَنْ لَا يَبْقَى أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً إِلَّا رَدَّهُ فَلَمَّا ارْتَفَعَتْ حِيطَانُهُ أَمَرَ بِالتُّرَابِ فَأُلْقِيَ فِي جَوْفِهِ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ الْبَيْتُ مُرْتَفِعاً يُصْعَدُ إِلَيْهِ بِالدَّرَجِ وَ صَارَ النَّاسُ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْحِجْرِ وَ لَا يَطُوفُونَ فِيهِ لِأَنَّ أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ دُفِنَتْ فِي الْحِجْرِ فَفِيهِ قَبْرُهَا فَطِيفَ كَذَلِكَ كَيْلَا يُوطَأَ قَبْرُهَا.

Hadith.2116 - The station of Ibrahim (Maqam Ibrahim) is situated to the left because Ibrahim (as) has a position on the Day of Judgment, as does Muhammad (sw) (peace be upon him and his family). The position of Muhammad (sw) is to the right of the Divine Throne, while the position of Ibrahim (as) is to its left. This e

وَ رُوِيَ : «أَنَّ فِيهِ قُبُورَ اَلْأَنْبِيَاءِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ ».

Hadith.2117 - It has been narrated that within the Hijr Ismail lie the graves of Prophets (as).

وَ سُمِّيَتْ بَكَّةَ لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ يَبُكُّ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً فِيهَا بِالْأَيْدِي‌[5].

Hadith.2118 - It is named Bakkah because people crowd against one another there, pressing with their hands.

وَ رُوِيَ : «أَنَّهَا سُمِّيَتْ بَكَّةَ لِبُكَاءِ اَلنَّاسِ حَوْلَهَا وَ فِيهَا ».

Hadith.2119 - It is narrated that it was named Bakkah because of the weeping of people around and within it.

وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ يُنَادَى عَلَى اَلْحِجْرِ أَلاَ مَنِ اِنْقَطَعَتْ بِهِ اَلنَّفَقَةُ فَلْيَحْضُرْ فَيُدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ ».

It is narrated: "There is an announcement made at the Hajar (stone): 'Whoever has run out of provisions should come forward, and it will be provided to them.'"

وَ إِنَّمَا هَدَمَتْ قُرَيْشٌ الْكَعْبَةَ لِأَنَّ السَّيْلَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ أَعْلَى مَكَّةَ فَيَدْخُلُهَا فَانْصَدَعَتْ‌[2].

Hadith.2120 - And it is narrated: "Indeed, Quraysh demolished the Kaaba because floods would come from the higher regions of Mecca, entering it and causing it to crack."

«لَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُصْنَعَ عَلَى دُورِ مَكَّةَ أَبْوَابٌ لِأَنَّ لِلْحَاجِّ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا مَعَهُمْ فِي دُورِهِمْ فِي سَاحَةِ اَلدَّارِ حَتَّى يَقْضُوا مَنَاسِكَهُمْ فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَعَلَ لِدُورِ مَكَّةَ أَبْوَاباً مُعَاوِيَةُ ».

Hadith.2121 - And it is narrated: Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious: “...wherein the residents and the visitors are equal...” (Surah Al-Hajj 22:25). Imam (as) replied: "It was not appropriate to construct doors on the houses of Mecca because the pil

وَ حُرِّمَ الْمَسْجِدُ لِعِلَّةِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ حُرِّمَ الْحَرَمُ لِعِلَّةِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَ وَجَبَ الْإِحْرَامُ لِعِلَّةِ الْحَرَمِ‌[4].

Hadith.2122 - "The mosque was made sacred because of the Kaaba, the sanctuary was made sacred because of the mosque, and Ihram became obligatory because of the sanctuary."

وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ قِبْلَةً لِأَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَ جَعَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ قِبْلَةً لِأَهْلِ الْحَرَمِ وَ جَعَلَ الْحَرَمَ قِبْلَةً لِأَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا[5]. وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ التَّلْبِيَةُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا قَالَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- وَ أَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجالًا فَنَادَى فَأُجِيبَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ يُلَبُّونَ‌[6].

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلتَّلْبِيَةِ وَ عِلَّتِهَا فَقَالَ «إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ إِذَا أَحْرَمُوا نَادَاهُمُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ «عِبَادِي وَ إِمَائِي لَأُحَرِّمَنَّكُمْ عَلَى اَلنَّارِ كَمَا أَحْرَمْتُمْ لِي» فَقَوْلُهُمْ لَبَّيْكَ اَللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ إِجَابَةٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى نِدَائِهِ لَهُمْ.

Hadith.2124 - In a narration from Abu Al-Husayn Al-Asadi, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, from Sahl bin Ziyad, from Ja'far bin Uthman Al-Darimi, from Sulayman bin Ja'far, he said: "I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about the Talbiyah and its reason. Imam (as) said: 'Indeed, when people enter Ihram, Allah (swt), Mighty and

وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِعَرَفَاتٍ مَاءٌ وَ كَانُوا يَسْتَقُونَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ لِرَيِّهِمْ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ تَرَوَّيْتُمْ تَرَوَّيْتُمْ فَسُمِّيَ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ لِذَلِكَ ».

Hadith.2125 - The Day of Tarwiyah (8th of Dhul-Hijjah) was named so because there was no water in Arafat, and people would bring water from Makkah to quench their thirst. They would say to one another, 'Have you provided water for yourselves? Have you provided water for yourselves?' Thus, it was named the Day of Tarwiy

وَ سُمِّيَتْ مِنًى مِنًى لِأَنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَتَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ تَمَنَّ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ كَانَتْ تُسَمَّى مُنًى فَسَمَّاهَا النَّاسُ مِنًى‌[3].

Hadith.2126 - "It was named Mina because Archangel Jibril (as) came to Ibrahim (as) and said to him: 'Wish (tamanna), O Ibrahim.' It was initially called Munaa, and the people named it Mina."

وَ رُوِيَ‌ إِنَّهَا سُمِّيَتْ مِنًى لِأَنَّ- إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع تَمَنَّى هُنَاكَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ مَكَانَ ابْنِهِ كَبْشاً يَأْمُرُهُ بِذَبْحِهِ فِدْيَةً لَهُ‌[4].

Hadith.2127 - "It has been narrated that it was named Mina because Ibrahim (as) wished there that Allah (swt) would replace his son with a ram, commanding him to sacrifice it as a ransom for his son."

وَ سُمِّيَ الْخَيْفُ خَيْفاً لِأَنَّهُ مُرْتَفِعٌ عَنِ الْوَادِي وَ كُلُّ مَا ارْتَفَعَ عَنِ الْوَادِي سُمِّيَ خَيْفاً[5].

Hadith.2128 - "It was named Al-Khaif because it is elevated above the valley, and everything that rises above the valley is called 'Khaif.'"

وَ إِنَّمَا صُيِّرَ اَلْمَوْقِفُ بِالْمَشْعَرِ وَ لَمْ يُصَيَّرْ بِالْحَرَمِ لِأَنَّ اَلْكَعْبَةَ بَيْتُ اَللَّهِ وَ اَلْحَرَمَ حِجَابُهُ وَ اَلْمَشْعَرَ بَابُهُ فَلَمَّا قَصَدَهُ اَلزَّائِرُونَ أَوْقَفَهُمْ بِالْبَابِ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ حَتَّى أَذِنَ لَهُمْ بِالدُّخُولِ ثُمَّ أَوْقَفَهُمْ بِالْحِجَابِ اَلثَّانِي وَ هُوَ مُزْدَلِفَةُ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَى طُولِ تَضَرُّعِهِمْ أَمَرَهُمْ بِتَقَرُّبِ قُرْبَانِهِمْ فَلَمَّا

Hadith.2129 - The standing was appointed at Al-Mash'ar and not within the Haram because the Kaaba is the House of Allah (swt), the Haram is its veil, and Al-Mash'ar is its door. When the visitors sought to approach, He made them stand at the door, pleading until He permitted them to enter. Then He made them stand at th

وَ رُوِيَ : «أَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَ شُرْبٍ وَ بِعَالٍ ».

Hadith.2130 - It has been narrated: 'These are days of eating, drinking, and marital relations.'

وَ إِنَّمَا يُكْرَهُ الِاحْتِبَاءُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ تَعْظِيماً لِلْكَعْبَةِ[5].

Hadith.2131 - Sitting with one's knees drawn up (ihtiba') in the Sacred Mosque is disliked out of reverence for the Kaaba.

وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ الْحَجُّ الْأَكْبَرَ لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سَنَةً حَجَّ فِيهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ‌

Hadith.2132 - The Hajj was called 'Al-Hajj Al-Akbar' (the Greater Pilgrimage) because it was the year in which both Muslims and polytheists performed the pilgrimage, and the polytheists did not perform Hajj after that year.

وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ اَلتَّكْبِيرُ بِمِنًى فِي دُبُرِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ صَلاَةً وَ بِالْأَمْصَارِ فِي دُبُرِ عَشَرَةِ صَلَوَاتُ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا نَفَرَ اَلنَّاسُ فِي اَلنَّفْرِ اَلْأَوَّلِ أَمْسَكَ أَهْلُ اَلْأَمْصَارِ عَنِ اَلتَّكْبِيرِ وَ كَبَّرَ أَهْلُ مِنًى مَا دَامُوا بِمِنًى إِلَى اَلنَّفْرِ اَلْأَخِيرِ.

Hadith.2133 - The Takbir in Mina after fifteen prayers and in the towns after ten prayers was instituted because when people depart during the first departure (on the 12th of Dhul-Hijjah), the people of the towns cease the Takbir, while the people of Mina continue to say Takbir as long as they remain in Mina until the