Mosques & Congregation

لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَخْتَضِبَ الرَّجُلُ وَ يُجْنِبَ وَ هُوَ مُخْتَضِبٌ وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَنَوَّرَ الْجُنُبُ وَ يَحْتَجِمَ وَ يَذْبَحَ‌[4] وَ لَا يَذُوقُ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَغْسِلَ يَدَيْهِ وَ يَتَمَضْمَضَ فَإِنَّهُ يُخَافُ مِنْهُ الْوَضَحُ‌[5].

‘It is permissible for a man to apply dye to his hairs and experience sexual relation with dye applied. It is permissible for a man to apply lime to his hairs and experience sexual relation or draw blood from his body by means of cupping or slaughter (an animal for food). He should not taste anything before washing his

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ وَ هُوَ يُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ بِمَكَّةَ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْفَجْرَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَجَعَلَ يَقُومُ الرَّجُلُ بَعْدَ الرَّجُلِ حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَجُلَانِ أَنْصَارِيٌّ وَ ثَقَفِيٌّ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لَكُمَا حَاجَةً وَ تُرِيدَانِ أَنْ تَسْأَلَا عَنْهَا فَإِنْ شِئْتُمَا أَخْبَرْتُكُمَا بِحَا

“I heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), say while speaking to people in Makkah, ‘One day the Messenger of Allah completed his Salah (prayer) of the morning and sat in the Masjid with his companions until sunrise. Thereafter, people one by one left the Masjid except two men, one from the people of Ansar and the other from Thaqif. T

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ نَائِماً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَوْ مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ ص فَاحْتَلَمَ‌[3] فَأَصَابَتْهُ جَنَابَةٌ فَلْيَتَيَمَّمْ وَ لَا يَمُرَّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا مُتَيَمِّماً حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلَ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْحَائِضُ إِذَا أَصَابَهَا الْحَيْضُ تَفْعَلُ كَذَلِكَ وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَمُرَّا فِي سَائِرِ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَ لَا يَجْلِسَانِ فِيهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one sleeps in Masjid al-Haram or Masjid of the Messenger of Allah and experiences wet dream, one must take Tayammum and must not pass through the Masjid without Tayammum until one is out of the Masjid, then take Ghusl (bath). This applies to one experiencing Hayd (menses) also and she

الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ تَنْظُرُ أَيَّامَهَا فَلَا تُصَلِ‌ فِيهَا وَ لَا يَقْرَبْهَا بَعْلُهَا فَإِذَا جَازَتْ أَيَّامُهَا وَ رَأَتِ الدَّمَ يَثْقُبُ الْكُرْسُفَ اغْتَسَلَتْ لِلظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ تُؤَخِّرُ هَذِهِ وَ تُعَجِّلُ هَذِهِ وَ لِلْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ غُسْلًا تُؤَخِّرُ هَذِهِ وَ تُعَجِّلُ هَذِهِ وَ تَغْتَسِلُ لِلصُّبْحِ وَ تَحْتَشِي وَ تَسْتَثْفِرُ وَ لَا تُحَيِّي‌[1] وَ تَضُمُّ فَخِذَيْهَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَ س

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One experiencing Istihadah (irregular menses) must wait to complete the number of days of the pattern of her habit of experiencing Hayd (menses) and in such times she must not perform Salah (prayer) or go close to her husband. When such days are passed but blood discharge continues, s

قُلْتُ لَهُ‌[1] إِنَّ امْرَأَةَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَلَدَتْ فَعَدَّ لَهَا أَيَّامَ حَيْضِهَا ثُمَّ أَمَرَهَا فَاغْتَسَلَتْ وَ احْتَشَتْ وَ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَلْبَسَ ثَوْبَيْنِ نَظِيفَيْنِ وَ أَمَرَهَا بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ لَا تَطِيبُ نَفْسِي أَنْ أَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَدَعْنِي أَقُومُ خَارِجاً عَنْهُ وَ أَسْجُدُ فِيهِ‌[2] فَقَالَ قَدْ أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ قَالَ فَانْقَطَعَ الدَّمُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ ر

“I once said to him (the Imam) (a.s.), that the wife of ‘Abd al-Malik gave birth. He instructed her to wait for the number of days of her Hayd (menses), then instructed her to take Ghusl (bath), fill up, wear two clean clothes and perform Salah (prayer). She said, ‘My soul does not feel happy to enter the Masjid; so al

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَ قَدْ صَلَّتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَرَى الدَّمَ قَالَ تَقُومُ مِنْ مَسْجِدِهَا وَ لَا تَقْضِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ رَأَتِ الدَّمَ وَ هِيَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ قَدْ صَلَّتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَلْتَقُمْ مِنْ مَسْجِدٍ فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْتَقْضِ الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي فَاتَتْهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ.[4]

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who is in Salah (prayer) of al- Dhuhr, of which two Rak‘at are complete, and finds blood of Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, ‘She must stop and move away from Masjid without performing the remaining two Rak‘at. If she finds blood during her performing al-Magh

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ رَوَى عَنْكَ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ لَهُ إِنَّ الْحَائِضَ تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ فَقَالَ مَا لَهُ لَا وَفَّقَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ امْرَأَةَ عِمْرَانَ نَذَرَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا مُحَرَّراً وَ الْمُحَرَّرُ لِلْمَسْجِدِ يَدْخُلُهُ ثُمَّ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ أَبَداً فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْها قالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُها أُنْثى‌ ... وَ لَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنْثى‌ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا

“I once said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that al-Mughirah ibn Sa‘id has narrated from you that you have said, ‘A woman is required to perform Qada’ (compensatory prayer) of Salah (prayer) she has missed when experiencing Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, ‘What has happened to him, may Allah not accord him. The wife of ‘Imra

سَأَلْتُهُ كَيْفَ صَارَتِ الْحَائِضُ تَأْخُذُ مَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَ لَا تَضَعُ فِيهِ‌ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الْحَائِضَ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَضَعَ مَا فِي يَدِهَا فِي غَيْرِهِ وَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مَا فِيهِ إِلَّا مِنْهُ‌[1].

“I once asked Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘How is it that women during their experiencing Hayd (menses) can pick up things from Masjid, but cannot leave anything therein?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because such women can leave what is in their hands in other places and cannot take what is there (in the Masjid) except from it (

كُنْتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَ قَدْ جِي‌ءَ بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلُ ع فَوَضَعَ مِرْفَقَهُ فِي صَدْرِي فَجَعَلَ يَدْفَعُنِي حَتَّى خَرَجَ‌[1] مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ الْجَنَائِزَ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ[2].

“Once I was in the Masjid when a dead body was brought in and I wanted to perform Salah (prayer) for the deceased. Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), came to me, placed his elbow against my chest and pushed me back all the way out of the Masjid and then said, ‘O abu Bakr, Salah (prayer) for deceased people is not performe

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[3] عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ تُكَبِّرُ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ تَقُولُ أَوَّلَ مَا تُكَبِّرُ- أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَاةِ وَ اغْفِرْ لَنا وَ لِإِخْوانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونا بِالْإِيمانِ وَ لا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنا غِلًّا ل

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ’Uramah from Zur‘ah, from Muhammad ibn Sanaa ‘ah in a Muzmar manner has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Salah (prayer) for a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must say five Takbir (Allah is great bey

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ وَ بِنَاءِ الْمَسَاجِدِ فِيهَا فَقَالَ أَمَّا زِيَارَةُ الْقُبُورِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهَا وَ لَا تُبْنَى عِنْدَهَا الْمَسَاجِدُ.

"I asked him (Imam al-Sadiq) about visiting graves and building Masjids therein. He said, 'As for the visitation of graves, there is no issue with it, but a masjid should not be built there.'"

بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ فَقَامَ يُصَلِّي فَلَمْ يُتِمَّ رُكُوعَهُ وَ لَا سُجُودَهُ فَقَالَ ص نَقَرَ كَنَقْرِ الْغُرَابِ لَئِنْ مَاتَ هَذَا وَ هَكَذَا صَلَاتُهُ- لَيَمُوتَنَّ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِي.[4]

‘He acted like a crow picking up grain from the ground. If he dies with his Salah (prayer) of such condition he dies in a religion other than my religion.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ فَقُلْتُ فَهَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ص- أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ‌ إِلى‌ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ‌[1] وَ دُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ ا

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about how much of Salah (prayer) Allah, the most Majestic and Glorious, has made obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘During one day and night five prayers are made obligatory.’ I then asked, ‘Has He named and explained them in His book?’ He replied, ‘Yes, Allah, the most High, has said to

سَأَلَهُ إِنْسَانٌ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ رُبَّمَا دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا يُصَلُّونَ الْعَصْرَ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَمَرْتُهُمْ بِهَذَا لَوْ صَلَّوْا عَلَى وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ عُرِفُوا فَأُخِذَ بِرِقَابِهِمْ.

I have commanded them to do so; were they to perform at one time they would have been recognized and caught by their necks.’”

صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِالنَّاسِ الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ وَ صَلَّى بِهِمُ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ قَبْلَ سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ وَ إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِيَتَّسِعَ الْوَقْتُ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ.

“The Messenger of Allah (sw) performed the Dhuhr and ‘Asr prayers when the sun declined (toward the west at noontime) in congregation without any reason. He also performed the Maghrib and Isha’ prayers in congregation before disappearing of al-Shafaq (redness) without any reason to do so. The Messenger of Allah (sw) di

شَهِدْتُ الْمَغْرِبَ لَيْلَةً مَطِيرَةً فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَحِينَ كَانَ قَرِيباً مِنَ الشَّفَقِ نَادَوْا وَ أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلَّوُا الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ أَمْهَلُوا بِالنَّاسِ حَتَّى صَلَّوْا رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَامَ الْمُنَادِي فِي مَكَانِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ[2] فَصَلَّوُا الْعِشَاءَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ النَّاسُ إِلَى‌ مَنَازِلِهِمْ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَال

“I once was present in Masjid of the Messenger of Allah, during the time of al-Maghrib Salah (prayer) in a rainy evening. When it was near al-Shafaq (redness), they called and performed Salah (prayer) of al-Maghrib. People were given time to perform two Rak‘at Salah (prayer), then the caller stood in his place in Masji

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ وَ قَدْ صَلَّى أَهْلُهُ أَ يَبْتَدِئُ بِالْمَكْتُوبَةِ أَوْ يَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ إِنْ‌ كَانَ فِي وَقْتٍ حَسَنٍ‌[1] فَلَا بَأْسَ بِالتَّطَوُّعِ قَبْلَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ خَافَ الْفَوْتَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَا مَضَى مِنَ الْوَقْتِ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ وَ هُوَ حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ثُمَّ لْيَتَطَوَّعْ بِمَا شَاءَ أَلَا هُوَ مُوَسَّعٌ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْإِنْسَانُ

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who comes to Masjid when people there have completed their Salah (prayer). Should he begin the obligatory or optional before the obligatory? He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is a good time it is not harmful to perform optional Salah (prayer) before obligatory. If he fears that

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص بَنَى مَسْجِدَهُ بِالسَّمِيطِ[2] ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَثُرُوا فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِالْمَسْجِدِ فَزِيدَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَزِيدَ فِيهِ وَ بَنَاهُ بِالسَّعِيدَةِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَثُرُوا فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِالْمَسْجِدِ فَزِيدَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَزِيدَ فِيهِ وَ بَنَى جِدَار

‘The Messenger of Allah built his Masjid with an arrangement of one brick. The number of Muslims increased and they asked, “O Messenger of Allah, issue a command to expand the Masjid.” He responded positively and commanded to expand it and it was expanded. It was built with an arrangement of one and a half bricks. Then

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي‌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوى‌ قَالَ- مَسْجِدُ قُبَا.

“I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the Masjid which was built for a pious purpose. He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is Masjid al-Quba””

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَمْ كَانَ مَسْجِدُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ كَانَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ وَ سِتَّمِائَةِ[2] ذِرَاعٍ تَكْسِيراً.

“I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘What was the size of Masjid of the Messenger of Allah?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It was three thousand and six hundred square yards.’”

إِذَا اسْتَقْبَلْتَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِكَ فَلَا تُقَلِّبْ وَجْهَكَ عَنِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَتَفْسُدَ صَلَاتُكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ص فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرامِ وَ حَيْثُ ما كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ‌[4] وَ اخْشَعْ بِبَصَرِكَ وَ لَا تَرْفَعْهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ[5] وَ لْيَكُنْ حِذَاءَ وَجْهِكَ‌[1] فِي مَوْضِعِ سُجُودِكَ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that when you face the direction of al-Qiblah (al-Ka’bah) you must not turn your face away from it; it destroys your Salah (prayer). Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said to His Holy prophet, O Allah grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your caus

سَأَلْتُهُ أَ يُجْزِئُ أَذَانٌ وَاحِدٌ قَالَ إِنْ صَلَّيْتَ جَمَاعَةً لَمْ يُجْزِئْ إِلَّا أَذَانٌ وَ إِقَامَةٌ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ وَحْدَكَ تُبَادِرُ أَمْراً تَخَافُ أَنْ يَفُوتَكَ يُجْزِئُكَ إِقَامَةٌ إِلَّا الْفَجْرَ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُؤَذِّنَ فِيهِمَا وَ تُقِيمَ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقْصُرُ فِيهِمَا كَمَا يَقْصُرُ فِي سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam (a.s.), ‘Is one Adhan sufficient? He (the Imam) said, ‘If you perform Salah (prayer) in congregation, there is one Adhan and one ‘Iqamah. If you are alone and you are in a hurry so you do not lose something, then one ‘Iqamah is sufficient, except the morning Salah (prayer) and al-Maghr

سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَذَانِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَارِفٍ قَالَ لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ الْأَذَانُ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ بِهِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ عَارِفٌ‌[3] فَإِنْ عَلِمَ الْأَذَانَ فَأَذَّنَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَارِفاً لَمْ يُجْزِ أَذَانُهُ وَ لَا إِقَامَتُهُ وَ لَا يُقْتَدَى بِهِ‌[4] وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُؤَذِّنُ وَ يُقِيمُ‌[5] لِيُصَلِّيَ وَحْدَهُ فَيَجِي‌ءُ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ نُ

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about Adhan if one who is not well versed can say Adhan. He (the Imam) said, ‘Adhan does not come right and it is not permissible to say Adhan unless one is a Muslim man and knowledgeable. If he knows Adhan he says it, if he is not well versed it is not permissible for him to say

إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَ هُوَ لَا يَأْتَمُّ بِصَاحِبِهِ وَ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ آيَةٌ أَوْ آيَتَانِ فَخَشِيَ إِنْ هُوَ أَذَّنَ وَ أَقَامَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ فَلْيَقُلْ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ لْيَدْخُلْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man may enter a Masjid and is not following his companion in Salah (prayer). He finds the Imam has only one verse to recite or two verses. He is afraid of not being able to join the Imam in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) if he says Adhan or ‘Iqamah. He can say, ‘Salah (prayer) h

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْأَذَانِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَلَا وَ إِذَا كَانَ وَحْدَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

about Adhan before dawn. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is for congregation, it is not acceptable, but if one is alone, then it is not harmful.’”

كَانَ طُولُ حَائِطِ مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَامَةً فَكَانَ يَقُولُ ص لِبِلَالٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْوَقْتُ يَا بِلَالُ اعْلُ فَوْقَ الْجِدَارِ وَ ارْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ بِالْأَذَانِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ بِالْأَذَانِ رِيحاً تَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ إِذَا سَمِعُوا الْأَذَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا هَذِهِ أَصْوَاتُ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُو

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the height of the wall of the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah was equal to the height of a man. He, the Messenger of Allah would say to Bilal, ‘When time comes, O Bilal, climb on the wall and raise your voice with Adhan. Allah has assigned a wind to raise Adhan to the heaven and t

فَفَعَلْتُ فَأَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ عَنِّي سُقْمِي وَ كَثُرَ وُلْدِي قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ وَ كُنْتُ دَائِمَ الْعِلَّةِ مَا أَنْفَكُّ مِنْهَا فِي نَفْسِي وَ جَمَاعَةِ خَدَمِي وَ عِيَالِي فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ هِشَامٍ عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فَأَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ عَنِّي وَ عَنْ عِيَالِيَ الْعِلَلَ.

“I complained before abu al-Hassan al-Rida (a.s.), against an illness and that I do not have any child. He commanded me, ‘Recite Adhan in your home loudly.’ I followed his instruction. The illness was gone and my children became numerous.” Muhammad ibn Rashid has said, ‘I was always ill, myself, a group of my servants

لَوْ أَنَّ مُؤَذِّناً أَعَادَ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ وَ فِي حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ أَوْ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ الْمَرَّتَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَ وَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ جَمَاعَةَ الْقَوْمِ لِيَجْمَعَهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If when saying Adhan one repeats the phrases of the ‘testimonies’ or ‘come to Salah (prayer)’ or ‘to salvation’ three times or more with the intention of calling people to come together, it is not harmful.’”

الْفَضْلُ فِي دُخُولِ الْمَسْجِدِ أَنْ تَبْدَأَ بِرِجْلِكَ الْيُمْنَى إِذَا دَخَلْتَ وَ بِالْيُسْرَى إِذَا خَرَجْتَ.

When entering a Masjid, it is better to step in with the right foot and to step out with left foot when leaving a Masjid.”

إِذَا دَخَلْتَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص وَ إِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَافْعَلْ ذَلِكَ.

2. Ali has narrated from his father from ’Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from ’Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when entering and leaving a Masjid say, ‘Allahumma Salli ‘Ala Muhammad wa ‘Ali Muhammad (O Allah grant Muhammad and his family a compensation worthy of their se

أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُقَدِّمُ إِلَيْكَ مُحَمَّداً ص بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حَاجَتِي وَ أَتَوَجَّهُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فَاجْعَلْنِي بِهِ وَجِيهاً عِنْدَكَ‌ فِي الدُّنْيا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ‌ اجْعَلْ صَلَاتِي بِهِ مَقْبُولَةً وَ ذَنْبِي بِهِ مَغْفُوراً وَ دُعَائِي بِهِ مُسْتَجَاباً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ.

3. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by his father from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah from Aban and Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahab who have said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when you stand up for Salah (prayer), say this: ‘O Allah, I consider Muhammad, O Allah grant com

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَلْيَقِفْ بِبَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ لْيَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ دَعَوْتَنِي فَأَجَبْتُ دَعْوَتَكَ وَ صَلَّيْتُ مَكْتُوبَتَكَ وَ انْتَشَرْتُ فِي أَرْضِكَ كَمَا أَمَرْتَنِي فَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ الْعَمَلَ بِطَاعَتِكَ وَ اجْتِنَابَ سَخَطِكَ وَ الْكَفَافَ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ بِرَحْمَتِكَ.

‘The Messenger of Allah has said, “When any one of you after completing an obligatory Salah (prayer), wants to leave a Masjid he should stand at the door and say, ‘O Lord You called me and I answered Your call. I performed my obligatory Salah (prayer). I want to move in Your land as You have commanded me. Now I ask You

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَوْماً يَا حَمَّادُ تُحْسِنُ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا سَيِّدِي أَنَا أَحْفَظُ كِتَابَ حَرِيزٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ لَا عَلَيْكَ يَا حَمَّادُ[1] قُمْ فَصَلِّ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مُتَوَجِّهاً إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ فَاسْتَفْتَحْتُ الصَّلَاةَ فَرَكَعْتُ وَ سَجَدْتُ فَقَالَ يَا حَمَّادُ لَا تُحْسِنُ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ مَا أَقْبَحَ بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْكُمْ يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ سِتُّو

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), one day asked me, ‘Do you know how to perform Salah (prayer) properly?’ I said, ‘I keep the book of Hariz with me in Salah (prayer).’ The Imam said, ‘Nevermind, O Hammad. Stand up and perform Salah (prayer).’ The narrator has said, ‘I then stood up in his presence, facing the direction of Qiblah

صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيَّاماً فَكَانَ إِذَا كَانَتْ صَلَاةٌ لَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا جَهَرَ بِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ‌ وَ كَانَ يَجْهَرُ فِي السُّورَتَيْنِ جَمِيعاً.

“I performed Salah (prayer) for many days in congregation led by abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and in Salah (prayer) which is not recited loudly, he would read Bismillah, (in the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful) aloud in both Surah (chapters).”

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَمْهَدُ لِأَبِي فِرَاشَهُ فَأَنْتَظِرُهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ فَإِذَا أَوَى إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَ نَامَ قُمْتُ إِلَى فِرَاشِي وَ إِنَّهُ أَبْطَأَ عَلَيَّ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ فِي طَلَبِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا هَدَأَ النَّاسُ‌[2] فَإِذَا هُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ سَاجِدٌ وَ لَيْسَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ غَيْرُهُ فَسَمِعْتُ حَنِينَهُ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ- سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ

‘I would prepare the bed for my father and wait for his coming until he would go to sleep; then I would leave to go to bed. One night he delayed and I went to the Masjid to search him. This was the time when people had already left and it was quite calm out there. I found him in the Masjid prostrating and there was no

قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي إِمَامُ مَسْجِدِ الْحَيِّ فَأَرْكَعُ بِهِمْ فَأَسْمَعُ خَفَقَانَ نِعَالِهِمْ وَ أَنَا رَاكِعٌ فَقَالَ اصْبِرْ رُكُوعَكَ‌[2] وَ مِثْلَ رُكُوعِكَ فَإِنِ انْقَطَعَ وَ إِلَّا فَانْتَصِبْ قَائِماً.

“I once said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘I am an Imam of the village. During Salah (prayer) I hear the sound of their shoes walking when I am in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Wait in your Ruku‘ for the length of your Ruku‘ until the sound stops, otherwise, you can rise to stand up straight.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الْجِصِّ يُوقَدُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَذِرَةِ وَ عِظَامِ الْمَوْتَى ثُمَّ يُجَصَّصُ بِهِ الْمَسْجِدُ أَ يُسْجَدُ عَلَيْهِ فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ بِخَطِّهِ إِنَّ الْمَاءَ وَ النَّارَ قَدْ طَهَّرَاهُ‌[4].

‘Water and fire have cleansed it.’”

يَنْصَرِفُ فَيَتَوَضَّأُ فَإِنْ شَاءَ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَفِي بَيْتِهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ حَيْثُ شَاءَ يَقْعُدُ فَيَتَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْحَدَثُ بَعْدَ التَّشَهُّدِ فَقَدْ مَضَتْ صَلَاتُهُ.

“Wudu’ of a man may become invalid after he raises his head from the last Sajdah (prostration) before Tashahhud (testimonies of belief). Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ’He moves to take Wudu’ and if he wants to return to Masjid or if he wants in his house, sits down to say Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) and the phrase

كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِذَا وَجَدَ قَمْلَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ دَفَنَهَا فِي الْحَصَى.

“When Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), would see lice in Masjid he would cover it with sand.”

إِنْ وَجَدْتَ قَمْلَةً وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي فَادْفِنْهَا فِي الْحَصَى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you see lice in the Masjid when you are in Salah (prayer) cover it in the sand.”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ بَنَى مَسْجِداً بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ بَيْتاً فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ وَ قَدْ سَوَّيْتُ بِأَحْجَارٍ مَسْجِداً فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ نَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I heard abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘If one builds a Masjid, Allah builds for him a house in paradise.’ Abu ‘Ubaydah has said, ‘Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once passed by on the way to Makkah and I had built a Masjid with stones and asked him, “I pray to Allah to keep my souls in the service of your cause , I hope this wil

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ يَكُونُ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَيُرِيدُ أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ يَتَوَسَّعُوا بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُ أَوْ يُحَوِّلُوهُ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَكَانِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَكَانِ يَكُونُ خَبِيثاً ثُمَّ يُنَظَّفُ وَ يُجْعَلُ مَسْجِداً قَالَ يُطْرَحُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ حَتَّى يُوَارِيَهُ فَهُوَ أَطْهَرُ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a Masjid which is in a house and the people of the house want to expand it to a certain extent or relocate it in another place. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’ He (the narrator) has said that he then asked him (the Imam) about a place which is filthy, then it

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْبِيَعِ وَ الْكَنَائِسِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ نَقْضُهُمَا لِبِنَاءِ الْمَسَاجِدِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Biya‘ and churches if they can be changed into Masjid. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is possible.’”

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَسَاجِدِ الْمُظَلَّلَةِ أَ يُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ فِيهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَ لَوْ قَدْ كَانَ الْعَدْلُ لَرَأَيْتُمْ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ أَ يُعَلِّقُ الرَّجُلُ السِّلَاحَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ أَمَّا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَكْبَرِ فَلَا فَإِنَّ جَدِّي‌ نَهَى رَجُلًا يَبْرِي مِشْقَصاً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once was asked about Masjid, which is made to also provide shadow, if performing Salah (prayer) therein is undesirable. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is as such but today it is not harmful for you. Had there been justice you would see how it is dealt with.’ He (the narrator) has said that he then

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ يُنْشِدُ الشِّعْرَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ فَقُولُوا فَضَّ اللَّهُ‌[2] فَاكَ إِنَّمَا نُصِبَتِ الْمَسَاجِدُ لِلْقُرْآنِ.

‘If you hear someone reciting poems in Masjid say to him, “May Allah tear your mouth, Masjid is built only for al-Quran (to read).””’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ الْمُصَوَّرَةِ فَقَالَ أَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ الْعَدْلُ رَأَيْتُمْ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), if it is permissible to perform Salah (prayer) in a Masjid with pictures. He (the Imam) said, ‘I dislike it, however, today it is not harmful to you. Had justice been established you would see how it is dealt with.’”

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ رَطَانَةِ الْأَعَاجِمِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, “The Messenger of Allah has prohibited speaking jargon language in Masjid (expressions understood by two people or a group only).’”

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ سَلِّ السَّيْفِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَ عَنْ بَرْيِ النَّبْلِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا بُنِيَ لِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.

‘The Messenger of Allah prohibited unsheathing of swords and trimming arrows in the Masjid saying, “Masjid is built for something other than such things.’””

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْوُضُوءِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَكَرِهَهُ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ وَ الْبَوْلِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about taking Wudu’ in Masjid and he disliked it because of defecation and urination.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ النَّوْمِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَ مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَيْنَ يَنَامُ النَّاسُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about sleeping in Masjid al-Haram and Masjid of the Holy prophet. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they can do so, where else can people sleep?”’