The Book on Dying People

عَزَّى أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلًا بِابْنٍ لَهُ- فَقَالَ اللَّهُ خَيْرٌ لِابْنِكَ مِنْكَ وَ ثَوَابُ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنِ ابْنِكَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ جَزَعُهُ بَعْدُ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَمَا لَكَ بِهِ أُسْوَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مُرَهَّقاً[4] فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَمَامَهُ ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَ شَفَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), offered condolences to a man because of the death of his son, saying, ‘Allah is better for your son than you are, and the reward from Allah is better for you than your son.’ When he (Imam) heard him crying loudly, he returned to him saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah died. Is this not enough l

يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِ الْمُصِيبَةِ أَنْ لَا يَلْبَسَ رِدَاءً وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي قَمِيصٍ حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that people of the deceased should not wear their gowns. They should wear only shirts so people can recognize them.”

رَأَيْتُ مُوسَى ع يُعَزِّي قَبْلَ الدَّفْنِ وَ بَعْدَهُ.

“I observed (Imam) Musa (a.s.), offer condolences before and after burial.”

كَتَبَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع إِلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرْتَ مُصِيبَتَكَ بِعَلِيٍّ ابْنِكَ وَ ذَكَرْتَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ وُلْدِكَ إِلَيْكَ وَ كَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْوَالِدِ وَ غَيْرِهِ أَزْكَى مَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ لِيُعْظِمَ بِهِ أَجْرَ الْمُصَابِ بِالْمُصِيبَةِ فَأَعْظَمَ اللَّهُ أَجْرَكَ وَ أَحْسَنَ عَزَاكَ‌[1] وَ رَبَطَ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ إِنَّهُ قَدِيرٌ وَ عَجَّلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ بِا

You mentioned your affliction with the loss of your son ʿAlī, and you mentioned that he was the most beloved of your children to you. Likewise, Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, only takes from the parent and others the purest of what they have to magnify the reward of the one afflicted by the calamity. May Allah magnify

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ عَزَّى حَزِيناً كُسِيَ فِي الْمَوْقِفِ حُلَّةً يُحَبَّرُ بِهَا[2].

‘If one offers condolences to a saddened person, he will be given a well beautified dress on the station for Judgment

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ عَزَّى مُصَاباً كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْتَقِصَ مِنْ أَجْرِ الْمُصَابِ شَيْئاً.

‘If one offers condolences to a depressed person, one will have a reward equal to his (depressed person’s) reward without any reduction in the reward for the latter, the sorrowful party.’”

فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَ يُخَاطُ بَطْنُهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, ‘If a woman dies with a child moving in her womb, is her belly to be opened to take the child out?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, and her belly is stitched to close.”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ إِذَا مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدٌ يَتَحَرَّكُ فَيُتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهِ فَشُقَّ بَطْنُهَا وَ أُخْرِجَ الْوَلَدُ وَ قَالَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَمُوتُ وَلَدُهَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَيُتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ الرَّجُلُ يَدَهُ فَيُقَطِّعَهُ وَ يُخْرِجَهُ إِذَا لَمْ تَرْفُقْ بِهِ النِّسَاءُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman dies with the child moving in her womb whose life is in danger, her belly is opened and the child is taken out.’ About a woman whose child dies in her womb and her life is in danger, he (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible for a man to

السِّقْطُ إِذَا تَمَّ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ غُسِّلَ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A miscarried child (fetus) after four months is given Ghusl (bath).’”

إِذَا عَقَلَ الصَّلَاةَ قُلْتُ مَتَى تَجِبُ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ ابْنَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَ الصِّيَامُ إِذَا أَطَاقَهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about Salah (prayer) of a child. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is Salah (prayer) for him when he is able to understand it (Salah (prayer)).’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘When it becomes obligatory for him? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when he is six years old and there is fasting on him wh

رَأَيْتُ ابْناً لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي حَيَاةِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع يُقَالُ لَهُ- عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَطِيمٌ‌[2] قَدْ دَرَجَ‌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا غُلَامُ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي إِلَى جَنْبِكَ لِمَوْلًى لَهُمْ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَوْلَايَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَوْلَى يُمَازِحُهُ لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمَوْلًى فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ شَرٌّ لَكَ‌[1] فَطَعَنَ فِي جِنَازَةِ الْغُلَامِ فَمَاتَ‌[2] فَأُخْرِجَ فِي سَفَطٍ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَخَرَجَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ

“I saw a son of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), during the life time of abu Ja‘far (a.s.), called ‘Abd Allah Fatim moved in. I asked him about their Mawla’ next to him, ‘Who is he next to you?’ He replied, ‘He is my Mawla’ (servant or follower).’ The Mawla’, joking with him said, ‘I am not your Mawla’.’ He said, ‘That is worse

مَاتَ ابْنٌ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَأُخْبِرَ بِمَوْتِهِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَغُسِّلَ وَ كُفِّنَ وَ مَشَى مَعَهُ وَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ طُرِحَتْ خُمْرَةٌ[6]- فَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ قَامَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَ انْصَرَفْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِنِّي لَأَمْشِي مَعَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا وَ كَانَ ابْنَ ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ كَانَ‌ عَلِيٌّ ع يَأْمُرُ بِهِ فَيُدْفَنُ وَ

“One of the sons of Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), died. He (the Imam) was informed of his death and he commanded for Ghusl (bath) and shroud. He (the Imam) walked in his funeral and performed Salah (prayer). A prayer mat was spread and he (the Imam) stood on it, then he (the Imam) stood on his grave until he was free, then moved

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السِّقْطِ إِذَا اسْتَوَى خَلْقُهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْغُسْلُ وَ اللَّحْدُ وَ الْكَفَنُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), about a miscarried child whose body is complete if Ghusl (bath) is necessary as well as al-Lahad (a horizontal or vertical) ditch in the grave). He (the Imam) said, ‘All of such things are necessary.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ السِّقْطِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ أَنَّ السِّقْطَ يُدْفَنُ بِدَمِهِ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ‌[2].

“I once wrote to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), asking about what is done for a miscarried child. He (the Imam) wrote to me, ‘A miscarried child is buried with his blood in his place (right away).”’

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّهُ لَمَّا قُبِضَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص جَرَتْ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ سُنَنٍ أَمَّا وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا مَاتَ انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِفَقْدِ ابْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَصَعِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ

"When Ibrāhīm, the son of the Messenger of Allah (sw), passed away, three traditions were enacted concerning him. One of them was that when he died, the sun was eclipsed, and the people said, 'The sun is eclipsed due to the loss of the son of the Messenger of Allah.' So, the Messenger of Allah (sw) ascended the pulpit,

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ النَّاسَ يُكَلِّمُونَا وَ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْنَا قَوْلَنَا إِنَّهُ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَى الطِّفْلِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصَلِّ فَيَقُولُونَ لَا يُصَلَّى إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ صَلَّى فَنَقُولُ نَعَمْ فَيَقُولُونَ أَ رَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَصْرَانِيّاً أَوْ يَهُودِيّاً أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ فَمَا الْجَوَابُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ قُولُوا لَهُمْ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ هَذَا الَّذِي أ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that people speak against us and do not accept our words, ‘there is no Salah (prayer) for a deceased child’; he has not performed any Salah (prayer). They say, ‘You say that there is no Salah (prayer) for those who have not performed any Salah (prayer).’ We say, ‘Yes that is true.

يُنْتَظَرُ بِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَغَيَّرَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

“About people found dead because of a sudden shock or drowned, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said to wait three days unless a change in their condition takes place earlier.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[3] عَنِ الْغَرِيقِ أَ يُغَسَّلُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ يُسْتَبْرَأُ قُلْتُ- وَ كَيْفَ يُسْتَبْرَأُ قَالَ يُتْرَكُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ وَ كَذَلِكَ أَيْضاً صَاحِبُ الصَّاعِقَةِ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَمُتْ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), if there is Ghusl (bath) for one who has died because of drowning. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, there is Ghusl (bath) and he is freed (of doubtful condition).’ I then asked, ‘How is he freed?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He is left for three days before burial and so also is the case of one f

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْغَرِيقُ يُغَسَّلُ.

‘Ghusl (bath) of one who has died because of drowning is necessary.’”

الْغَرِيقُ يُحْبَسُ حَتَّى يَتَغَيَّرَ[1] وَ يُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ ثُمَّ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَصْعُوقِ فَقَالَ إِذَا صُعِقَ حُبِسَ يَوْمَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who has died because of drowning is kept until there is a change and his death becomes certain; then his Ghusl (bath) and shroud are done.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) was asked about one who has died because of a sudden shock. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it (death)

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ خَمْسٌ يُنْتَظَرُ بِهِمْ‌[2] إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَغَيَّرُوا الْغَرِيقُ وَ الْمَصْعُوقُ وَ الْمَبْطُونُ وَ الْمَهْدُومُ وَ الْمُدَخَّنُ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ’Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Khaliq, brother of Shihab ibn ‘Abd Rabbihi who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Burial is delayed, unless there is a change, because of five kinds of reasons for death: Death because of

أَصَابَ النَّاسَ بِمَكَّةَ سَنَةً مِنَ السِّنِينَ صَوَاعِقُ كَثِيرَةٌ مَاتَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع فَقَالَ مُبْتَدِئاً مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ يَنْبَغِي لِلْغَرِيقِ وَ الْمَصْعُوقِ أَنْ يُتَرَبَّصَ بِهِ ثَلَاثاً لَا يُدْفَنُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَجِي‌ءَ مِنْهُ رِيحٌ تَدُلُّ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَأَنَّكَ تُخْبِرُنِي أَنَّهُ قَدْ دُفِنَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ أَحْيَاءً فَ

‘It is proper to delay for three days the burial of one who has died because of drowning and sudden shock unless the spread of smell proves his death.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, are you telling me that many people are buried alive? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, O Ali, many peo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الَّذِي يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ قَالَ يُدْفَنُ كَمَا هُوَ فِي ثِيَابِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ ثُمَّ مَاتَ- فَإِنَّهُ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص صَلَّى عَلَى حَمْزَةَ وَ كَفَّنَهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ جُرِّدَ[1].

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about those who are killed in the way of Allah, are Ghusl (bath), shroud and hunut done for them? He (the Imam) said, ‘They are buried as they are found in their clothes, unless found alive, then die in which case Ghusl (bath), shroud, hunut and Salah (prayer) are done for them. The

قُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ الشَّهِيدُ يُدْفَنُ بِدِمَائِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فِي ثِيَابِهِ بِدِمَائِهِ وَ لَا يُحَنَّطُ وَ لَا يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُدْفَنُ كَمَا هُوَ ثُمَّ قَالَ دَفَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ع عَمَّهُ حَمْزَةَ فِي ثِيَابِهِ بِدِمَائِهِ الَّتِي أُصِيبَ فِيهَا وَ رَدَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ص بِرِدَاءٍ فَقَصُرَ عَنْ رِجْلَيْهِ فَدَعَا لَهُ بِإِذْخِرٍ[2] فَطَرَحَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً وَ كَبَّرَ عَلَيْ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the martyr who is buried with his blood (not washed clean). He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is buried in his clothes, with his blood, without, hunut and Ghusl (bath) and is buried as he is found.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘The Messenger of Allah buried his uncle Hamzah in his clothes

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ الشَّهِيدُ إِذَا كَانَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ غُسِّلَ وَ كُفِّنَ وَ حُنِّطَ وَ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ رَمَقٌ دُفِنَ فِي أَثْوَابِهِ.

3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from more than one person from Aban from abu Maryam who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘A martyr if found alive is given Ghusl (bath), shroud, hunut and Salah (prayer) is performed for him. If he is found dead he

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ يُنْزَعُ عَنِ الشَّهِيدِ الْفَرْوُ وَ الْخُفُّ وَ الْقَلَنْسُوَةُ وَ الْعِمَامَةُ- وَ الْمِنْطَقَةُ وَ السَّرَاوِيلُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَصَابَهُ دَمٌ‌[1] فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ دَمٌ تُرِكَ وَ لَا يُتْرَكُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مَعْقُودٌ إِلَّا حُلَّ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from abu al-Jawza’ from al-Husayn ibn ‘Ulwan from ‘Amr ibn Khalid from Zayd ibn Ali from his ancestors, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who has said the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Skull-cap, shoes, turban, loin

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ الَّذِي يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يُدْفَنُ فِي ثِيَابِهِ وَ لَا يُغَسَّلُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ ثُمَّ يَمُوتَ بَعْدُ فَإِنَّهُ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَفَّنَ حَمْزَةَ فِي ثِيَابِهِ وَ لَمْ يُغَسِّلْهُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub ibn Sinan from Aban ibn Taghlib who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Those who are killed in the way of Allah are buried with their clothes without Ghusl (bath) unless Muslims find him alive and then he dies aft

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْكُلُهُ السَّبُعُ وَ الطَّيْرُ فَتَبْقَى عِظَامُهُ بِغَيْرِ لَحْمٍ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ يُدْفَنُ وَ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَيِّتُ نِصْفَيْنِ صُلِّيَ عَلَى النِّصْفِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْقَلْبُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about one who is consumed by beasts and birds, and only his bones without flesh are left. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ghusl (bath), shroud and Salah (prayer) are done and then it is buried. If the deceased is found into two halves, Salah (prayer) is performed for the part which has the hear

إِذَا قُتِلَ قَتِيلٌ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ إِلَّا لَحْمٌ بِلَا عَظْمٍ لَهُ لَمْ يُصَلَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ وُجِدَ عَظْمٌ بِلَا لَحْمٍ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ. - قَالَ وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَى الرَّأْسِ إِذَا أُفْرِدَ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one is killed and only flesh without bones are found, Salah (prayer) is not obligatory for it. If bones without flesh are found, there is Salah (prayer) for it.’” He (the narrator) has said, ‘It is narrated that Salah (prayer) is not obligatory for a head found without the body.’”

إِذَا وُجِدَ الرَّجُلُ قَتِيلًا فَإِنْ وُجِدَ لَهُ عُضْوٌ تَامٌّ- صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ دُفِنَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ عُضْوٌ تَامٌّ لَمْ يُصَلَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ دُفِنَ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man who is found being killed, if there is a complete part of the body, it is buried after Salah (prayer) for it. If a complete part is not found it is buried without Salah (prayer).’”

إِذَا قُطِعَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قِطْعَةٌ فَهُوَ مَيْتَةٌ وَ إِذَا مَسَّهُ الرَّجُلُ فَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ عَظْمٌ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَى مَنْ مَسَّهُ الْغُسْلُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ عَظْمٌ فَلَا غُسْلَ عَلَيْهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a piece is cut from a man, it is dead. In case of one’s touching, whatever piece has bone in it Ghusl (bath) becomes obligatory, if bone is not found in it, Ghusl (bath) is not obligatory.’”

إِذَا وُسِّطَ الرَّجُلُ نِصْفَيْنِ‌[1] صُلِّيَ عَلَى الَّذِي فِيهِ الْقَلْبُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man is cut in two pieces, Salah (prayer) is performed on the part in which the heart exists.’”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْتَرِقُ بِالنَّارِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَصُبُّوا عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ صَبّاً وَ أَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ‌[2].

“’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), was asked about a man who was burnt. He (the Imam) instructed them to pour water on him well, then perform Salah (prayer) for the deceased.’”

اغْسِلْ كُلَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنَ الْمَوْتَى الْغَرِيقِ وَ أَكِيلِ السَّبُعِ وَ كُلَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ إِلَّا مَا قُتِلَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ غُسِّلَ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘You must give Ghusl (bath) to every dead person because of drowning, being killed by beasts and by all other causes except those who are killed between two lines of fighters, who only if found alive, are given Ghusl (bath), otherwise, Ghusl (bath) is not required.’”

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ فِي سَفِينَةٍ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ يُوضَعُ فِي خَابِيَةٍ وَ يُوكَى رَأْسُهَا وَ يُطْرَحُ فِي الْمَاءِ[5].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about one who dies in a ship in the ocean. He (the Imam) said, ‘The deceased is placed in a vat and with its opening sealed is thrown into the water.’”

فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَقَالَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ يُثْقَلُ وَ يُرْمَى بِهِ فِي الْبَحْرِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about one who dies in the company of people in the ocean. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ghusl (bath), shroud and Salah (prayer) are done for him and with some weight tied to him is thrown in the ocean.’”

إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ وَ لَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَى الشَّطِّ قَالَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ وَ يُلَفُّ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَ يُلْقَى فِي الْمَاءِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies in a ship and it is not possible to bring him to the shore, shroud and hunut are done for him, after wrapping in a piece of cloth, is thrown into the water.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي قَوْمٍ كَانُوا فِي سَفَرٍ فَهُمْ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى سَاحِلِ الْبَحْرِ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِرَجُلٍ مَيِّتٍ عُرْيَانٍ قَدْ لَفَظَهُ الْبَحْرُ[1] وَ هُمْ عُرَاةٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا إِزَارٌ كَيْفَ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ عُرْيَانٌ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ فَضْلُ ثَوْبٍ يُكَفِّنُونَهُ فِيهِ قَالَ يُحْفَرُ لَهُ وَ يُوضَعُ فِي لَحْدِهِ وَ يُوضَعُ اللَّبِنُ عَلَى عَوْرَتِهِ لِتَسْتُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘What do you say about a people who walk during a journey on the sea shore; they find a dead man who is naked, thrown out by the ocean and they also are naked except for a loin cloth on them; how do they perform Salah (prayer) for him when he is naked? They do not have extra clothes

الْمَرْجُومُ وَ الْمَرْجُومَةُ يُغَسَّلَانِ وَ يُحَنَّطَانِ وَ يُلْبَسَانِ الْكَفَنَ‌[2] قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يُرْجَمَانِ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمَا وَ الْمُقْتَصُ‌ مِنْهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ذَلِكَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ وَ يُلْبَسُ الْكَفَنَ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Ghusl (bath), hunut, and shroud are done for people stoned to death, male or female, prior to executing stoning, then Salah (prayer) is performed. Ghusl (bath), hunut, shrouding and Salah (prayer) for one executed because of retaliation are also done before the execution.”’

سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ الْمَصْلُوبِ فَقَالَ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ جَدِّي ع صَلَّى عَلَى عَمِّهِ‌[2] قُلْتُ أَعْلَمُ ذَاكَ وَ لَكِنِّي لَا أَفْهَمُهُ مُبَيَّناً قَالَ أُبَيِّنُهُ لَكَ إِنْ كَانَ وَجْهُ الْمَصْلُوبِ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ فَقُمْ عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَفَاهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ فَقُمْ عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ الْأَيْسَرِ فَإِنَّ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ قِبْلَةً وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَنْكِبُه

‘Do you not know that my grandfather performed Salah (prayer) for his uncle?’ I said, ‘I know it but I do not understand it clearly.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I explain it for you. If the face of the person crucified is toward al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah), stand near his right shoulder. If his back is toward al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah)

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا تُقِرُّوا الْمَصْلُوبَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةٍ حَتَّى يُنْزَلَ وَ يُدْفَنَ. ______________________________ «بقية الحاشية من الصفحة الماضية» الايسر مع رعاية القبلة فيلزم مراعاة الجانب في الجملة فإذا قام محاذيا لمنكبه الايمن يكون وجهته داخلة فيما بين المشرق و المغرب من جانب القبلة لميل قبلة أهل العراق إلى اليمين عن نقطة الجنوب إذ لو كان المصلوب محاذيا لنقطة الجنوب كان الواقف على منكبه واقفا على خط

لَمَّا قُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَاطِمَةَ ع أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ طَعَاماً- لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ تَأْتِيَهَا وَ نِسَاءَهَا فَتُقِيمَ عِنْدَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَجَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ لِأَهْلِ الْمُصِيبَةِ طَعَامٌ ثَلَاثاً.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when Ja‘far ibn abu Talib was martyred, the Messenger of Allah instructed Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, to prepare food for Asma’ bint ‘Umays for three days and visit her with a group of her women everyday for three days. This formed the tradition to prepare food for the people of the

يُصْنَعُ لِأَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ مَأْتَمٌ‌[1] ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ يَوْمَ مَاتَ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Mourning ceremony is organized for a deceased for three days, beginning from the day of his death.’”

يَنْبَغِي لِجِيرَانِ صَاحِبِ الْمُصِيبَةِ أَنْ يُطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ عَنْهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that neighbors of the people of a deceased should prepare food for them (people of the deceased) for three days.”

أَوْصَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لِمَأْتَمِهِ وَ كَانَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ اتَّخِذُوا لآِلِ جَعْفَرٍ طَعَاماً فَقَدْ شُغِلُوا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), said in his will that eight hundred dirhams should be spent to organize a memorial service for his death. He considered it as part of the tradition; the Messenger of Allah had said, ‘Prepare food for the family of Ja‘far; they are preoccupied (with the death of Ja‘far).’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَ امْرَأَةَ ابْنِ مَارِدٍ تَخْرُجَانِ فِي الْمَأْتَمِ فَأَنْهَاهُمَا فَتَقُولُ لِيَ امْرَأَتِي إِنْ كَانَ حَرَاماً فَانْهَنَا عَنْهُ حَتَّى نَتْرُكَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَرَاماً فَلِأَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ تَمْنَعُنَاهُ فَإِذَا مَاتَ لَنَا مَيِّتٌ لَمْ يَجِئْنَا أَحَدٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الْحُقُوقِ تَسْأَلُنِي كَانَ أَبِي ع يَبْعَثُ أُمِّي وَ أُمَّ فَرْوَةَ تَقْض

“Once I said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘My wife and the wife of ibn Marid went to join a memorial service, and I tried to stop them but my wife said, “If it is unlawful then stop us so we desist, but if it is not unlawful then why should you stop us? If one of us will die no one will come to us.”’ Abu al-Hassan (a.s.),

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ مُرُوا أَهَالِيَكُمْ بِالْقَوْلِ‌ الْحَسَنِ عِنْدَ مَوْتَاكُمْ فَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ س لَمَّا قُبِضَ أَبُوهَا ص أَسْعَدَتْهَا بَنَاتُ هَاشِمٍ فَقَالَتِ اتْرُكْنَ التَّعْدَادَ وَ عَلَيْكُنَّ بِالدُّعَاءِ[1].

6. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufiy has narrated from ibn Jumhur from his father from Muhammad ibn Sinan from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar who has said the following: “He has also said that al-Asamm has narrated to us from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who has said the following: ‘’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.

وَلَدٌ يُقَدِّمُهُ الرَّجُلُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ وَلَداً يُخَلِّفُهُمْ بَعْدَهُ كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَكِبُوا الْخَيْلَ وَ جَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a son whom one sends (to the next life) is better than seventy sons who survive after one’s death, who have mounted their horses and are ready to march for the cause of Allah.”

دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ حِينَ مَاتَ الْقَاسِمُ ابْنُهَا وَ هِيَ تَبْكِي فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا يُبْكِيكِ فَقَالَتْ دَرَّتْ دُرَيْرَةٌ فَبَكَيْتُ‌[2] فَقَالَ يَا خَدِيجَةُ أَ مَا تَرْضَيْنَ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنْ تَجِي‌ءَ إِلَى بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ فَيَأْخُذَ بِيَدِكِ فَيُدْخِلَكِ الْجَنَّةَ وَ يُنْزِلَكِ أَفْضَلَهَا وَ ذَلِكِ لِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَحْكَمُ

"The Messenger of Allah (sw) entered upon Khadījah when her son Qāsim had died, and she was weeping. He asked her, 'What makes you weep?' She replied, 'My milk flowed, and so I wept.' He said, 'O Khadījah, would you not be pleased if on the Day of Resurrection, you come to the gate of Paradise and Qāsim is standing the

كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع يَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ مُصَابَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَ شِدَّةَ مَا دَخَلَهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَخْتَارُ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ أَنْفَسَهُ لِيَأْجُرَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.

“A man once wrote to abu Ja‘far, the second (a.s.), complaining due to his suffering from the death of his sons and the intensity of his grief. The Imam wrote to him, ‘Do you know that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, chooses from the property and sons of the believing people the most valuable items so He w