سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible and it is not an honorable thing.”’
لَيْسَ طَلَاقُ السَّكْرَانِ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce of a drunken man does not have any valid effect.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible and it is not an honorable thing.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا عِتْقُهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible as well as his setting free of slaves.’”
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مُسْلِماً مَرَّ بِقَوْمٍ- لَيْسُوا بِسُلْطَانٍ فَقَهَرُوهُ حَتَّى يَتَخَوَّفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ فَفَعَلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
‘If a Muslim man passes by a people who do have not any valid authority and they force him, he fears for his life, to set free a slave or divorce and he complies, it does not have any valid effect against him/”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْمُكْرَهِ وَ عِتْقِهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ طَلَاقُهُ بِطَلَاقٍ وَ لَا عِتْقُهُ بِعِتْقٍ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ تَاجِرٌ أَمُرُّ بِالْعَشَّارِ وَ مَعِي مَالٌ فَقَالَ غَيِّبْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ وَ ضَعْهُ مَوَاضِعَهُ فَقُلْتُ وَ إِنْ حَلَّفَنِي بِالطَّلَاقِ وَ الْعَتَاقِ فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ تَمْرَةً فَحَفَنَ بِهَا مِنْ زُبْدٍ[1] كَانَ قُدَّامَهُ فَقَالَ مَا أُبَالِي حَلَفْتُ لَهُمْ بِالطّ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the divorce of a man who is coerced and about his setting free slaves. He (the Imam) said, ‘His divorce is not a divorce and his setting free slaves is not valid freedom/ I then said, ‘I am a merchant and I pass by a one-tenth tax collector, with certain amount of assets with me/
سَأَلْتُ الْعَبْدَ الصَّالِحَ ع وَ هُوَ بِالْعُرَيْضِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي قَدْ تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً وَ كَانَ تُحِبُّنِي فَتَزَوَّجْتُ عَلَيْهَا ابْنَةَ خَالِي وَ قَدْ كَانَ لِي مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَلَدٌ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَطَلَّقْتُهَا وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ رَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُهَا الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ رَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهَا أُرِيدُ سَفَرِي هَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ بِالْك
“I once asked Allah’s virtuous servant (a.s.), when he was in al-‘Arid, (name of a place) saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I married a woman who loved me. I then married the daughter of my maternal uncle and from the woman I had a son. I returned to Baghdad and divorced her once, then
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ لَا يَجُوزُ الطَّلَاقُ فِي اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ عِتْقٌ فِي اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَلَفَ أَوْ حُلِّفَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا وَ فَعَلَهُ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ إِنَّمَا الطَّلَاقُ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ الطَّلَاقُ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا إِضْرَارٍ عَلَى الْعِدَّةِ وَ السُّنَّةِ عَلَى طُهْرٍ بِغَي
‘Divorce under coercion is not permissible or setting free of a slave. It is not permissible to swear for cutting off good relations with relatives or for a sinful act in disobedience to Allah. Thus, whoever swears or is made to swear about something of this kind, it does not have any valid effect on him. Divorce is wh
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمُرُّ بِالْعَشَّارِ وَ مَعِي مَالٌ فَيَسْتَحْلِفُنِي فَإِنْ حَلَفْتُ لَهُ تَرَكَنِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ أَحْلِفْ لَهُ فَتَّشَنِي وَ ظَلَمَنِي فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَحْلِفُنِي بِالطَّلَاقِ فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْمَالَ لَا يَكُونُ لِي قَالَ فَعَنْ مَالِ أَخِيكَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص رَدَّ طَلَاقَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَ قَدْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً وَ هِيَ حَائ
“I pass by one-tenth tax collector for trading with a certain amount of assets with me and the party (tax collector) asks me to swear. If I swear he allows me to go, but if I do not swear he searches my assets and does injustice to me. He (the Imam) said, ‘You can swear for him.’ I then said, ‘He asks me to swear in th
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثُمَّ يَصْمُتُ فَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ قَالَ يَكُونُ أَخْرَسَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَيُعْلَمُ مِنْهُ بُغْضٌ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ كَرَاهَتُهُ لَهَا أَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يَكْتُبُ وَ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لَا يَكْتُبُ وَ لَا يَسْمَعُ كَيْفَ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَقَالَ بِالَّذِي يُعْرَفُ مِنْهُ مِنْ فِعَالِهِ مِثْلِ مَا ذَكَرْ
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who is mute, does not speak and has a wife. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is he speechless?’ I replied, ‘Yes, he is speechless and it is seen that he hates his wife and dislikes her. Is it permissible for his guardian to divorce on his behalf?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْخَرْسَاءِ قَالَ يَلُفُّ قِنَاعَهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ يَجْذِبُهُ[2].
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is speechless. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wrap her scarf around her head, then pull it away.’”
طَلَاقُ الْأَخْرَسِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِقْنَعَتَهَا فَيَضَعَهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ يَعْتَزِلَهَا.
‘Divorce by a speechless man can happen by his placing her headscarf on her head and then taking it away from her head.’”
إِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي قُبُلِ الطُّهْرِ بِشُهُودٍ وَ فُهِمَ عَنْهُ كَمَا يُفْهَمُ عَنْ مِثْلِهِ وَ يُرِيدُ الطَّلَاقَ جَازَ طَلَاقُهُ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ.
the divorce for his wife. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘If he has done so during a Hayd (menses)-free period in the presence of witnesses and it is understood from him as it is understood from people like him who decide to divorce, his divorce is permissible according to Sunnah.
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ أَمْرَ امْرَأَتِهِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَالَ اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي جَعَلْتُ أَمْرَ فُلَانَةَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has left the affair of his wife to another man saying, ‘Bear witness that I have left the affairs of so and so, to so and so; if it is permissible for the man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ ”
اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرَ فُلَانَةَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“About the case of a man who leaves the affairs of his wife to a man to deal with saying, ‘Bear witness that I have left the affairs of so and so, to so and so to deal with; if it is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’”
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ طَلَاقَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِ رَجُلَيْنِ فَطَلَّقَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ أَبَى الْآخَرُ فَأَبَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنْ يُجِيزَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا جَمِيعاً عَلَى طَلَاقٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a man who had left the affairs of his wife to two men to deal with; of whom one divorced her but the other one refused, ’Amir al- Mu’minin also refused to approve it unless both agreed to divorce her.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ وَكَّلَ رَجُلًا بِطَلَاقِ امْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ طَهُرَتْ وَ خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فَبَدَا لَهُ فَأَشْهَدَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَبْطَلَ مَا كَانَ أَمَرَهُ بِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلْيُعْلِمْ أَهْلَهُ وَ لْيُعْلِمِ الْوَكِيلَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who appoints a man to divorce his wife after she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean and he himself goes away; but he changes his mind and arranges witnesses that he has changed his mind. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must inform his wife and his attorney a
فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ طَلَاقَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِ رَجُلَيْنِ فَطَلَّقَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ أَبَى الْآخَرُ فَأَبَى عَلِيٌّ ع أَنْ يُجِيزَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا عَلَى الطَّلَاقِ جَمِيعاً. - وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ الْوَكَالَةُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ
‘The other man should also agree about divorce to have the agreement of both people.’” It is also narrated that attorney in divorce is not permissible.’”
لَا تَجُوزُ الْوَكَالَةُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ وَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ نَأْخُذُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not permissible to appoint an attorney in divorce.’” Al-Hassan ibn Sama‘ah has narrated that this is the Hadith which we follow.
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ لَا يَمَسَّهَا وَ لَا يَجْمَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَ رَأْسَهَا فَهُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ مَا لَمْ تَمْضِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ فَيَمَسَّهَا وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَعْزِمَ عَلَى الطَّلَاقِ فَيُخَلِّيَ عَنْهَا حَتَّى إِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ طَهُرَتْ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا طَلَّقَهَ
‘If a man swears not to go to bed with his wife, not to touch her and not to place his head next to her head, he then has the choice before passing of four months. When four months pass he then must be taken in custody to reach a settlement and go to bed with her, or decide to divorce, thus, he must leave her until she
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهْجُرُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَ لَا يَمِينٍ سَنَةً لَمْ يَقْرَبْ فِرَاشَهَا قَالَ لِيَأْتِ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ] ثُمَّ يُغَاضِبَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ بَع
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who separates from his wife without divorce and swearing. He does not go near her bed for one year. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go to his wife.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If one swears about his wife, it takes place by one’s saying, “No, by Allah, I will not
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ] ثُمَّ يُغَاضِبَهَا ثُمَّ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَ الْإِيفَاءُ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا طَلَاقٌ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ ال
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If one swears about his wife and it takes place by one’s saying, “By Allah, I will not have sexual intercourse with you so and so,” and says, “By Allah I must reduce you” and then become angry with her. He can wait for four months. After four months, he must be taken in cus
أَنَّهُمَا قَالا إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا قَوْلٌ وَ لَا حَقٌّ فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ وَ لَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كَفِّهِ عَنْهَا فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا فَسَكَتَتْ وَ رَضِيَتْ فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍّ وَ سَعَةٍ فَإِنْ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا قِيلَ لَهُ إِمَّا أَنْ تَفِيءَ فَتَمَسَّهَا وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُطَلِّقَ وَ عَ
“Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said, ‘If a man swears not to go near his wife, then he has no say and no right for four months; and it is not a sin on him to stay away from her for four months. When four months pass if he agrees to touch her and she remains silent and agrees, then it is fine.
إِنَّ الْمُؤْلِيَ يُجْبَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ تَطْلِيقَةً بَائِنَةً. - وَ عَنْ غَيْرِ مَنْصُورٍ أَنَّهُ يُطَلِّقُ تَطْلِيقَةً يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ إِنَّ هَذَا مُنْتَقِضٌ[2] فَقَالَ لَا الَّتِي تَشْكُو فَتَقُولُ يُجْبِرُنِي وَ يَضُرُّنِي وَ يَمْنَعُنِي مِنَ الزَّوْجِ[1] يُجْبَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً بَائِنَةً وَ الَّتِي تَسْكُتُ وَ لَا تَشْكُو إِنْ شَاءَ يُطَلِّقُهَا
“One who swears is made to divorce in the form of a final divorce which makes the spouses strangers to each other. People other than Mansur have narrated that he divorces once but has the right to go back to her; and certain persons of his people have said to him that this is deleted. He replied that it is true if she
أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي أَرْضَعَتْ غُلَاماً وَ إِنِّي قُلْتُ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَقْرَبُكِ حَتَّى تَفْطِمِيهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ فِي الْإِصْلَاحِ إِيلَاءٌ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to ’Amir al-Mu’minin and said, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, my wife breastfed a boy and I said, “By Allah, I will not go to bed with you until you wean him.’” He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not take place in constructive and virtuous deeds.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ حِينٍ فَإِنْ فَاءَ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلَاقَ فَقَدْ عَزَمَ وَ قَالَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ] وَ لَأَسُوءَنَّكِ ثُمَّ يَهْجُرَهَا وَ لَا يُجَامِعَهَا حَتَّ
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who after going to bed with his wife swears not to go to bed with his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘When four months pass he is taken in custody even after a while. If he expiates (finds a remedy), then it is fine and she is his wife. If he decides to divorce h
الْمُؤْلِي يُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ إِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسانٍ فَإِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلَاقَ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَ هُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَجْعَتِهَا.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘One who swears not to go to bed with his wife is taken in custody after four months. He may keep her in a fair manner or leave her in the same way. If he decides to divorce it then is once and he has the right to go back to her.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِيلَاءِ مَا هُوَ فَقَالَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ] فَيُتَرَبَّصَ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ فَيُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَ هُوَ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَ لَا يَقَ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about 7/a’ (swearing) and what it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘It takes place when a man says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will not go to bed with you so and so, and says, ‘By Allah I will reduce you and then waits for four months. Thereafter he is taken in custody, if he expiates and reco
فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِذَا أَبَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَجْعَلُ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ يَحْبِسُهُ فِيهَا وَ يَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ[1].
abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if he refuses to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, that an enclosure of reeds must be made for him and to keep him there without food and drink until he agrees to divorce.’”
فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ وَ إِلَّا ضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ.
“About the case of a man’s 7/a’ (swearing), abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He either expiates or divorces or is beheaded.’”
إِذَا غَاضَبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمْ يَقْرَبْهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ يَمِينٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَاسْتَعْدَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مُغَاضَبَةٍ أَوْ يَمِينٍ فَلَيْسَ بِمُؤْلٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man angers his wife and does not go to bed with her without swearing for four months and she complains against him, he then must expiate or divorce her. If he leaves her without anger or swearing, then the rules of 7/a’ (swearing) do not apply.’”
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِذَا أَبَى الْمُؤْلِي أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ جَعَلَ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ أَعْطَاهُ رُبُعَ قُوتِهِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when a man because of 7/a’ (swearing) refused to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin placed him inside an enclosure and gave him one-fourth of his food and drink until he agreed to divorce.”
لَا يَقَعُ الْإِيلَاءُ إِلَّا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘ ’Ila’ (swearing) does not take place unless one has gone to bed with his wife.”’
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يُؤْلِي مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَا يَقَعُ الْإِيلَاءُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man’s ’ Ila ’ (swearing) against his wife before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not take place until one goes to bed with his wife.’”
لَا يَكُونُ مُؤْلِياً حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One can only be in ’ Ila ’ (swearing) against his wife when he goes to bed with her.’”
سُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا قَالَ لَا إِيلَاءَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَقَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَبْنِيَ بِأَهْلِهِ[1] سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَ كَانَ يَكُونُ إِيلَاءً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man who was involved in 7/a’ (swearing) against his wife before going to bed with her, asked ’Amir al-Mu’minin. He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not place until one goes to bed with his wife,’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If a man swears not to go to bed with his wife
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ لِي لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اللَّهُ أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَا حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبَ[3] فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةٌ فَقُلْتُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ ما
‘You are unlawful for me.’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Had I control over him I would have hurt his head and said to him that Allah has made her lawful for you, then what has made her unlawful for you? In fact, the one who says it(‘You are unlawful for me’) has lied, because then he would claim that what Allah has made
قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَإِنَّا نُرْوَى بِالْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع جَعَلَهَا ثَلَاثاً فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا طَلَاقاً وَ لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ أَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَا ذَا حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ مَا زِدْتَ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبْتَ فَقُلْتَ لِشَيْءٍ أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ لَكَ إِنَّهُ حَرَ
‘You are unlawful for me.’ We in Iraq narrate that Ali (a.s.), made it three times (divorce). He (the Imam) said, ‘They have spoken a lie. He (the Imam) did not make it (one’s saying, ‘You are unlawful for me’) a divorce. Had I the control over him I would have given him a headache. I then say to him that Allah, most M
قَالَ لِي شَبَّةُ بْنُ عَقَّالٍ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ مَنْ قَالَ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ أَنَّكَ لَا تَرَى ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ أَمَّا قَوْلُكَ الْحِلُّ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَهَذَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْوَلِيدُ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَمْرِ سَلَامَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ بَعَثَ يَسْتَفْتِي أَهْلَ الْحِجَازِ وَ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ وَ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ فَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ فَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ أَهْلِ ال
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Shabbah ibn ‘ Aqqal once said to me, ‘You think that if one says, “What Allah has made lawful is unlawful for me” (as you believe) does not have any valid effect.’ I said, ‘About your word ‘lawful is unlawful for me’ you can consider what ’Amir al- Mu’minin, al-Walid decided about
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَ لَا طَلَاقٌ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ‘You are unlawful for me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no expiation on him and it is not a divorce.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ مِنِّي خَلِيَّةٌ أَوْ بَرِيئَةٌ أَوْ بَتَّةٌ أَوْ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ[1].
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ’You from my side are free, cleared and severed’ or ‘you are unlawful.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ مِنِّي بَائِنٌ وَ أَنْتِ مِنِّي خَلِيَّةٌ وَ أَنْتِ مِنِّي بَرِيئَةٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.
‘You from my side are free and cleared.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ خَلِيَّةٌ أَوْ بَرِيئَةٌ أَوْ بَتَّةٌ أَوْ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ‘You from my side are free, cleared and severed’ or ‘you are unlawful.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْخِيَارِ فَقَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ شَيْءٌ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص[1].
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about choices. He (the Imam) said, ‘Who is he and what is that; it was something only for the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبَاكَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَيَّرَ نِسَاءَهُ فَاخْتَرْنَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ فَلَمْ يُمْسِكْهُنَ[2] عَلَى طَلَاقٍ وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ لَبِنَّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ أَبِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَ مَا لِلنَّاسِ وَ لِلْخِيَارِ إِنَّمَا هَذَا شَيْءٌ خَصَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ رَسُولَهُ ص.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I once heard your father saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, offered his wives the choice and they chose Allah and His Messenger. He did not keep them for divorce. Had they chosen them
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَيَّرَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا بَانَتْ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا هَذَا شَيْءٌ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص خَاصَّةً أُمِرَ بِذَلِكَ فَفَعَلَ وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ لَطَلَّقَهُنَ[1] وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- قُلْ لِأَزْواجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَياةَ الدُّنْيا وَ زِينَتَها فَتَعالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَ أُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَراحاً جَمِيلًا[2].
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives his wife the choice; if she becomes stranger for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, this was something especially for the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause . He (the Messenge
قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ أَمْرَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ وَلَّى الْأَمْرَ[3] مَنْ لَيْسَ أَهْلَهُ وَ خَالَفَ السُّنَّةَ وَ لَمْ يُجِزِ النِّكَاحَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves the affairs of his wife in her own hands. He (the Imam) said, ‘He has given the matter in the hands of someone who is not proper for it, thus, he has opposed the Sunnah and has not made marriage permissible.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنِفَ- لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ مَقَالَةٍ قَالَتْهَا بَعْضُ نِسَائِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ التَّخْيِيرِ فَاعْتَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص نِسَاءَهُ تِسْعاً وَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً فِي مَشْرَبَةِ أُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُنَّ فَخَيَّرَهُنَّ فَاخْتَرْنَهُ فَلَمْ يَكُ شَيْئاً[1] وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً بَائِنَةً قَالَ وَ سَأَل
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and rejected the words of certain ones of his wives against the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant
ذَكَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّ زَيْنَبَ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَعْدِلُ وَ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ قَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ إِنْ طَلَّقَنَا وَجَدْنَا أَكْفَاءَنَا فِي قَوْمِنَا فَاحْتَبَسَ الْوَحْيُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً قَالَ فَأَنِفَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِرَسُولِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْواجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَياةَ الدُّنْيا وَ زِينَتَها فَتَعالَيْنَ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Zaynab said, ‘You are not fair and you are the Messenger of Allah.’ Hafsah said, ‘If you divorce us we will find our match in our people.’ Revelation stopped coming to the Messenger of Allah for twenty days. He (the Imam) said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ إِنَّ بَعْضَ نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَتْ أَ يَرَى مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَنَا لَا نَجِدُ الْأَكْفَاءَ مِنْ قَوْمِنَا قَالَ فَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتِهِ فَأَمَرَهُ فَخَيَّرَهُنَّ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ فَقَامَتْ وَ قَبَّلَتْهُ وَ قَالَتْ أَخْتَارُ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Certain ones of the wives of the Holy Prophet, had said, ‘Does Muhammad think that if he divorces us, no one from our people will marry us?’ He (the Imam) said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, became angry from above the seven heavens and commanded him (the Messeng