سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَوْصَى وَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ لِذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ لَمْ تَجُزْ لِلْغُرَبَاءِ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘When a boy is about to die his will is permissible in favor of the relatives but not in favor of the strangers.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا بَلَغَ الْغُلَامُ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a boy becomes ten years old his will is permissible.’”
إِذَا بَلَغَ الْغُلَامُ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ فَأَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فِي حَقٍّ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ابْنَ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ فَأَوْصَى مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْيَسِيرِ فِي حَقٍّ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a boy becomes ten years old and makes a will about one-third of his assets for a right cause, his will is permissible; but when he is seven years old his will about only a small amount of assets is permissible.’”
نَسَخْتُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ بِخَطِّ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فُلَانٌ مَوْلَاكَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ أَخٍ لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَأَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفٍ هَلْ تَجُوزُ الْوَصِيَّةُ وَ هَلْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا عِتْقٌ وَ مَا حَالُهَا رَأْيُكَ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِي فَكَتَبَ ع تُعْتَقُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا الْوَصِيَّةُ.
“I once copied the following from a book with the handwriting of abu al-Hassan (a.s.). It said, ’So and so, your Maxvla’ (friend), has died leaving behind a son of his brother, a mother of his child who does not have a child but he has assigned in his will one thousand for her; if such will is lawful and if freedom app
كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ قَدْ جَعَلَ لَهَا شَيْئاً فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ لَهَا مَا أَثَابَهَا بِهِ سَيِّدُهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ مَعْرُوفٌ ذَلِكَ لَهَا تُقْبَلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَهَادَةُ الرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الْخَادِمِ غَيْرِ الْمُتَّهَمِينَ.
“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, before this abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who died and left behind a mother of child for whom he willed something in his lifetime, then died. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘She can have what her master had given her in his lifetime in an acceptable manner. The testimony of both ma
تُعْتَقُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا الْوَصِيَّةُ.
“About the case of the mother of a child, when her master dies who has made a will for her, abu al- Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘She becomes free in one-third and the will belongs to her.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا غُلَامٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَيِّتِ وَ تُعْطَى مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ. وَ- فِي كِتَابِ الْعَبَّاسِ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ نَصِيبِ ابْنِهَا وَ تُعْطَى مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a mother of a child from whom he had a boy; and at the time of his death, willed for her two thousand or more; if the heirs can keep her as a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot keep her as a slave. She becomes free in one-third of the le
لَا صَدَقَةَ وَ لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Giving charity or setting free a slave is not valid unless it is for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.”’
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا صَدَقَةَ وَ لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Giving charity or setting free a slave is not valid unless it is for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَةُ مُحْدَثَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَنْحَلُونَ وَ يَهَبُونَ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ أَعْطَى لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَيْئاً أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهِ قَالَ وَ مَا لَمْ يُعْطِ لِلَّهِ وَ فِي اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَرْجِعُ فِيهِ نِحْلَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ هِبَةً حِيزَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُحَزْ[2] وَ لَا يَرْجِعُ الرَّجُلُ فِيمَا يَهَبُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ لَا الْمَرْأَةُ فِيمَا تَهَبُ لِزَوْجِ
“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Charity has emerged newly. In the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, people would give gifts and presents. It is not proper for one who has given something to Allah, most Majestic, most Gloriou
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي صَدَقَتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ مُحْدَثَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ النُّحْلُ وَ الْهِبَةُ وَ لِمَنْ وَهَبَ أَوْ نَحَلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي هِبَتِهِ حِيزَ أَوْ لَمْ يُحَزْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ أَعْطَى [لِلَّهِ] شَيْئاً أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهِ.
“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives charity; if he can take it back. He (the Imam) said, ‘Charity is new. There were gifts and grants. One who provides a gift or a grant is able to take back the grant or gift, regardless of whether the recipient has taken it in his possession or not;
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ بِصَدَقَةٍ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا الصَّدَقَةُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives charity (which is not obligatory) to his small children; if he can take it back. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because charity is for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ صَدَقَةِ مَا لَمْ تُقْسَمْ وَ لَمْ تُقْبَضْ فَقَالَ جَائِزَةٌ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ النَّاسُ النُّحْلَ فَأَخْطَئُوا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about charity which is not distributed or possessed by the recipient. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible (for the donor to use it); people had the intention to gift it but they made a mistake (in calling it a charity).”’
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدٍ قَدْ أَدْرَكُوا إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبِضُوا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَهُوَ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لِأَنَّ وَالِدَهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِي أَمْرَهُ وَ قَالَ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ إِذَا ابْتَغَى بِهَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَالَ الْهِبَةُ وَ النِّحْلَةُ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا إِنْ شَاءَ حِيزَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُحَزْ إِلَّا لِذِي رَحِمٍ
“This is about the case of a man who gives charity to his grown up (mature) children. They do not take possession until he dies. Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘It remains as part of the legacy; but if he gives it as charity to his small children, then it (giving such charity) is permissible; their father is the one who
إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتَ بِصَدَقَةٍ لَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَيْكَ وَ لَمْ تَشْتَرِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُورَثَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you give charity, then do not take it back or buy it back unless it comes back to you in the form of an inherited legacy.”’
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَجْعَلُ لِوُلْدِهِ شَيْئاً وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
“About the case of a man who gives something to his small children then he decides to make his other children share it with them, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ بِالْجَارِيَةِ ثُمَّ تُعْجِبُهُ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ فِي عِيَالِهِ أَ تَرَى أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا أَوْ يُقَوِّمَهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُشْهِدَ بِثَمَنِهَا عَلَيْهِ أَمْ يَدَعَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلَا يَعْرِضَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ- قَالَ يُقَوِّمُهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَ يَحْتَسِبُ بِثَمَنِهَا لَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ يَمَسُّهَا.
“This is about the case of a man who gives a slave-girl as charity to his small children. He then begins to like the slave-girl but the children are small as his dependents, if he can touch the slave-girl, or appraise her for a fair price, then make witnesses to bear testimony to his owing such price to his children, o
إِذَا كَانَتِ الْهِبَةُ قَائِمَةً بِعَيْنِهَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ وَ إِلَّا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the gift still exists as it was given, it can be taken back, otherwise, one cannot do so.’”
هِيَ عَلَيْكِ صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيُمْضِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَقُلْ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِيهَا[1].
“This is about the case of a man who has a slave-girl and his wife gives him trouble about her. Thus, he says, ‘She is charity for you.’ One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al- Salam, has said, ‘If he has done so for the sake of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, he must comply with what he
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَيَهَبُهَا لَهُ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا.
13. Muhammad ibn Tsma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another man owes a certain amount of dirham and he gives it as a gift to him (the indebted); if he can change
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ عَلَى حَمِيمٍ أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِنِ احْتَاجَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ حَمِيمِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives a certain amount of charity to his friend; if he can change his mind and take it back from him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so but if he needs he can take from other assets of his friend which is other than what he had given as charity to
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.
“About the case of a man who gives something in charity if he can inherit it, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْطَى أُمَّهُ عَطِيَّةً فَمَاتَتْ وَ كَانَتْ قَدْ قَبَضَتِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا وَ بَانَتْ بِهِ[2] قَالَ هُوَ وَ الْوَرَثَةُ فِيهَا سَوَاءٌ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives a gift to his mother and she dies. She had taken the gift away from him in her possession. He (the Imam) said, ‘He and the other heirs are the same in dealing with that item.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ أُمِّي تَصَدَّقَتْ عَلَيَّ بِدَارٍ لَهَا أَوْ قَالَ بِنَصِيبٍ لَهَا فِي دَارٍ فَقَالَتْ لِيَ اسْتَوْثِقْ لِنَفْسِكَ[1] فَكَتَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا أَنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ وَ أَنَّهَا قَدْ بَاعَتْنِي وَ قَبَضَتِ الثَّمَنَ فَلَمَّا مَاتَتْ قَالَ الْوَرَثَةُ احْلِفْ أَنَّكَ اشْتَرَيْتَ وَ نَقَدْتَ الثَّمَنَ فَإِنْ حَلَفْتُ لَهُمْ أَخَذْتُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ أَحْلِفْ لَهُمْ لَمْ يُعْطُونِي شَيْئاً قَالَ
“I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), that my mother gave me the house that belonged to her - or he said her share in a house - and told me to register it in my name. I then wrote that I have bought it from her. She has sold it to me and has received the payment. When she died, the heirs asked me to take an oath that I
تَصَدَّقَ أَبِي عَلَيَّ بِدَارٍ وَ قَبَضْتُهَا ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوْلَادٌ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا مِنِّي وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالْقِصَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا تُعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ إِذاً يُخَاصِمُنِي قَالَ فَخَاصِمْهُ وَ لَا تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ عَلَى صَوْتِهِ.
“My father gave a house as charity to me and I took possession thereof but thereafter other children were born to him and he wanted to take the house back from me to give it to them. I explained the story to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘Do not give it to him.’ I then said, ‘He will dispute it with me.’ He (the Ima
إِذَا عُوِّضَ صَاحِبُ الْهِبَةِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a gift-giver receives something in exchange, he then cannot take back what he has given as gift.’”
إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ الرَّجُلُ بِصَدَقَةٍ قَبَضَهَا صَاحِبُهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَقْبِضْهَا عُلِمَتْ أَوْ لَمْ تُعْلَمْ فَهِيَ جَائِزَةٌ[3].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one gives a charity it is permissible, regardless of whether the recipient takes possession or not, knows about it or does not know about it.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السُّكْنَى وَ الْعُمْرَى فَقَالَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ إِنْ كَانَ شَرَطَهُ حَيَاتَهُ سَكَنَ حَيَاتَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِعَقِبِهِ فَهُوَ لِعَقِبِهِ كَمَا شَرَطَ حَتَّى يَفْنَوْا ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّارِ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about al-Sukna ’ and al^Umra’ (permission to use a house for a certain period of time). He (the Imam) said, ‘People must stand by their conditions. If his condition is permission to use the house for his life time, it then is for his life time. If it is for the life time of those wh
سُئِلَ عَنِ السُّكْنَى وَ الْعُمْرَى فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ جَعَلَ السُّكْنَى فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَهُوَ كَمَا شَرَطَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ جَعَلَهَا لَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ حَتَّى يَفْنَى عَقِبُهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَا يُورِثُوا ثُمَّ تَرْجِعُ الدَّارُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا الْأَوَّلِ.
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about al-Sukna ’ and al-‘Umra’ (permission to use a house for a certain period of time). He (the Imam) said, ‘If permission to use the house is given for his lifetime, then it must remain as the condition requires, if it is for his and the lifetime of those whom he leaves behind u
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْخَادِمُ تَخْدُمُهُ فَيَقُولُ هِيَ لِفُلَانٍ تَخْدُمُهُ مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ فَتَأْبِقُ الْأَمَةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الرَّجُلُ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ أَوْ سِتَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَجِدُهَا وَرَثَتُهُ أَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَخْدِمُوهَا قَدْرَ مَا أَبَقَتْ قَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَتْ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a servant who serves him and he says, ‘She will serve so and so as long as he lives, and when he dies she will be free. The servant runs away five or six years before he dies; then his heirs find her; if they can make her to serve them for the remaini
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ دَارٍ لَمْ تُقْسَمْ فَتَصَدَّقَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ بِنَصِيبِهِ مِنَ الدَّارِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَتْ هِبَةً قَالَ يَجُوزُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا دَارَهُ حَيَاتَهُ قَالَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ قُلْتُ فَلَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ لَهُ شَيْئاً قَالَ يُخْرِجُهُ صَاحِب
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a house which is not yet distributed and a certain one of the people of the house gives his share as charity. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if it is a grant?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about a ma
يَجُوزُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَا يُورِثُوا قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ أَسْكَنَ دَارَهُ رَجُلًا حَيَاتَهُ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ أَسْكَنَ رَجُلًا دَارَهُ وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ قَالَ جَائِزٌ وَ يُخْرِجُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who allows another man to use a house and those whom he will leave behind. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible but they cannot sell or inherit it.’ I asked if a man could allow another man to use a house for his lifetime. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permiss
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ الْمُشْتَرَكَةِ قَالَ جَائِزٌ.
“About the case of a man who gives in charity what is owned in partnership, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is permissible.’”
كُنْتُ شَاهِدَ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ لِبَعْضِ قَرَابَتِهِ غَلَّةَ دَارِهِ وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ وَقْتاً فَمَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَحَضَرَ وَرَثَتُهُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَ حَضَرَ قَرَابَتُهُ الَّذِي جُعِلَ لَهُ الدَّارُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَرَى أَنْ أَدَعَهَا عَلَى مَا تَرَكَهَا صَاحِبُهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ أَمَا إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع- قَدْ قَضَى فِي
“I was witness that ibn abu Layla’ judged in the case of a man who had designated the income of a house for his relative without the mention of time limit. The man died and his heirs came to ibn abu Layla’ and his relative for whom the house was designated. Ibn abu Layla’ said, ‘I see that it must be left as its owner
كُنْتُ أَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فِي مَوَارِيثَ لَنَا لِيَقْسِمَهَا وَ كَانَ فِيهَا حَبِيسٌ وَ كَانَ يُدَافِعُنِي فَلَمَّا طَالَ شَكَوْتُهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ أَ وَ مَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَمَرَ بِرَدِّ الْحَبِيسِ وَ إِنْفَاذِ الْمَوَارِيثِ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَفَعَلَ كَمَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي شَكَوْتُكَ إِلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع فَقَالَ لِي كَيْتَ وَ كَي
“About an issue of a legacy for distribution I once faced differences with ibn abu Layla’. In that legacy, there was an item on hold and he opposed me. When it prolonged I complained before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he said, ‘Did he not know that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَفَ غَلَّةً لَهُ عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ قَرَابَةٍ مِنْ أُمِّهِ وَ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْغَلَّةِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَ يُقْسَمُ الْبَاقِي عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لِلَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who endowed an asset that belonged to him for his relatives from his father’s side as well as for those from his mother’s side. He assigned from the same asset three hundred dirham every year in his will for a man and his heirs with whom he had no relationshi
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّ فُلَاناً ابْتَاعَ ضَيْعَةً فَوَقَفَهَا وَ جَعَلَ لَكَ فِي الْوَقْفِ الْخُمُسَ وَ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ رَأْيِكَ فِي بَيْعِ حِصَّتِكَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَوْ يُقَوِّمُهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِمَا اشْتَرَاهَا بِهِ أَوْ يَدَعُهَا مَوْقُوفَةً فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ أَعْلِمْ فُلَاناً أَنِّي آمُرُهُ بِبَيْعِ حَقِّي مِنَ الضَّيْعَةِ وَ إِيصَالِ ثَمَنِ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ وَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ رَأْيِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّ
“I once wrote to abu Ja‘far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that so and so has bought a certain asset. He has made it an endowment of which one-fifth is designated for you. He seeks your opinion about selling your share of the land, or appraising and counting its price on himself for which he has bought or keep it as an endowment. H
قُلْتُ رَوَى بَعْضُ مَوَالِيكَ عَنْ آبَائِكَ ع أَنَّ كُلَّ وَقْفٍ إِلَى وَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَهُوَ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ وَ كُلَّ وَقْفٍ إِلَى غَيْرِ وَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ جَهْلٌ مَجْهُولٌ بَاطِلٌ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ وَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِقَوْلِ آبَائِكَ فَكَتَبَ ع هُوَ عِنْدِي كَذَا[2].
31. Ali ibn Mahziyar has said: “I asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), that certain ones of your Mawali (friends or slaves) have narrated from your ancestors the following. ‘All endowments for a known period of time are binding upon the heirs, and all endowments for an unknown period of time are unknown, confusing and invalid
مَيِّتٌ أَوْصَى بِأَنْ يُجْرَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِإِنْفَاذِ ثُلُثِهِ هَلْ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يُوقِفَ ثُلُثَ الْمَيِّتِ بِسَبَبِ الْإِجْرَاءِ فَكَتَبَ ع يُنْفِذُ ثُلُثَهُ وَ لَا يُوقِفُ[3].
‘The one-third must be spent and it must not be made an endowment.’”
كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ لِي ضِيَاعٌ وَرِثْتُهَا مِنْ أَبِي وَ بَعْضُهَا اسْتَفَدْتُهَا وَ لَا آمَنُ الْحَدَثَانَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَمَا تَرَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لِي أَنْ أُوقِفَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ إِخْوَانِي وَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ أَوْ أَبِيعَهَا وَ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا فِي حَيَاتِي عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ
“I once wrote to him (the Imam), abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I do not have any children and I have assets that I inherited from my father and myself earned a certain amount, but I do not feel safe from something happening. If something happens to me and I ha
كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع فِي الْوَقْفِ وَ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهَا فَوَقَّعَ ع الْوُقُوفُ عَلَى حَسَبِ مَا يَقِفُهَا أَهْلُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
‘An endowment is according to what people making the endowment do (condition they set), by the will of Allah.”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ اشْتَرَيْتُ أَرْضاً إِلَى جَنْبِ ضَيْعَتِي بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَمَّا وَفَّيْتُ الْمَالَ خُبِّرْتُ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ وَقْفٌ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ شِرَاءُ الْوَقْفِ وَ لَا تُدْخِلِ الْغَلَّةَ[2] فِي مَالِكَ ادْفَعْهَا إِلَى مَنْ أُوقِفَتْ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ لَا أَعْرِفُ لَهَا رَبّاً قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِغَلَّتِهَا[3].
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I have bought a land near by my assets for two thousand dirham. When I made payment, I was informed that the land is an endowment.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Buying an endowment is not permissible. You must not include it
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُوقِفُ الضَّيْعَةَ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْقَفَهَا لِوُلْدِهِ وَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لَهَا قَيِّماً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا صِغَاراً وَ قَدْ شَرَطَ وَلَايَتَهَا لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغُوا فَيَحُوزَهَا لَهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا كِبَاراً لَمْ يُسَلِّمْهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَ لَمْ
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes a piece of his property an endowment, then decides to change it. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has made it an endowment for his children and others and then appoints a supervisor for it, he cannot change it. If they are small and he has set a condition
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع أَسْأَلُ عَنْ أَرْضٍ أَوْقَفَهَا جَدِّي عَلَى الْمُحْتَاجِينَ مِنْ وُلْدِ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ وَ هُمْ كَثِيرٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ فِي الْبِلَادِ فَأَجَابَ ع ذَكَرْتَ الْأَرْضَ الَّتِي أَوْقَفَهَا جَدُّكَ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ وُلْدِ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ وَ هِيَ لِمَنْ حَضَرَ الْبَلَدَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْوَقْفُ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تُتْبِعَ مَنْ كَانَ غَائِباً.
“I once wrote to abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), and asked about a land that my grandfather had made an endowment for the needy children of so and so who are of a large number in different places. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘You have mentioned the land that your grandfather had made an endowment for the needy children o
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ دَاراً سُكْنَى لِرَجُلٍ إِبَّانَ حَيَاتِهِ أَوْ جَعَلَهَا لَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ قَالَ هِيَ لَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ كَمَا شَرَطَ قُلْتُ فَإِنِ احْتَاجَ يَبِيعُهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَيَنْقُضُ بَيْعُهُ الدَّارَ السُّكْنَى قَالَ لَا يَنْقُضُ الْبَيْعُ السُّكْنَى كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَا يَنْقُضُ الْبَيْعُ الْإِجَارَةَ وَ لَا السُّكْن
“I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), about the case of a man who has given a house to a man to live in for his lifetime, or it is for him and those whom he leaves behind, as the condition may be. I then said, ‘If needed can he then sell it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I then asked, ‘Does such a sale
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ لِرَجُلٍ سُكْنَى دَارٍ لَهُ حَيَاتَهُ يَعْنِي صَاحِبَ الدَّارِ[1]- فَلَمَّا مَاتَ صَاحِبُ الدَّارِ أَرَادَ وَرَثَتُهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهُ أَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تُقَوَّمَ الدَّارُ بِقِيمَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ وَ يُنْظَرَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ الْمَيِّتِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ مَا يُحِيطُ بِثَمَنِ الدَّارِ فَلَيْسَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الثُّلُثُ لَا يُحِيطُ بِثَمَن
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has given a house to a man to live for the lifetime of the occupant of the house. When the owner dies, the heirs ask the occupant to leave the house; if they can do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘I see that the house must be appraised for a fair price as well a
أَمْلَأُ عَلَيَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهَ بِهِ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ سَوِيٌّ بِدَارِهِ الَّتِي فِي بَنِي فُلَانٍ بِحُدُودِهَا صَدَقَةً لَا تُبَاعُ وَ لَا تُوهَبُ وَ لَا تُورَثُ حَتَّى يَرِثَهَا وَارِثُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَسْكَنَ صَدَقَتَهُ هَذِهِ فُلَاناً وَ عَقِبَهُ فَإِذَا انْقَرَضُوا فَهِيَ عَلَى ذِي الْحَاجَةِ م
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), dictated to me the following:
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَا يَشْتَرِي الرَّجُلُ مَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِمَسْكَنٍ عَلَى ذِي قَرَابَتِهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ سَكَنَ مَعَهُمْ وَ إِنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِخَادِمٍ عَلَى ذِي قَرَابَتِهِ خَدَمَتْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ[2].
41. Aban has narrated from abu al-Jarud who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A man cannot buy what he has given as charity. If he gives as charity a house to a relative then if he likes he can live with them. If he gives in charity a servant to a relative he can serve him by the will of Allah.
إِنَّ امْرَأَةً أَوْصَتْ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَتْ ثُلُثِي يُقْضَى بِهِ دَيْنِي وَ جُزْءٌ مِنْهُ[3] لِفُلَانَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَ مَا أَرَى لَهَا شَيْئاً مَا أَدْرِي مَا الْجُزْءُ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ خَبَّرْتُهُ كَيْفَ قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَ كَذَبَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى لَهَا عُشْرُ الثُّلُثِ- إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَ
“A woman made a will to me that said, ‘With one-third of my legacy my debts must be paid and part of it will be for so and so female.’ I then asked ibn abu Layla’ about it and he said, ‘There is nothing for her because I do not know how much is al-Juz’ (a part).’ I then asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about it afterwards
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِجُزْءٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَالَ جُزْءٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- اجْعَلْ عَلى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءاً وَ كَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ عَشَرَةً.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who made a will about a part of his legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘Apart is one-tenth because Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘Place a part on every mountain’ the mountains were ten.’”