أَمَرْتُ مَنْ يَسْأَلُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْمَالُ لِمَنْ هُوَ لِلْأَقْرَبِ أَوْ لِلْعَصَبَةِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لِلْأَقْرَبِ وَ الْعَصَبَةُ فِي فِيهِ التُّرَابُ.
“I instructed a person to ask abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if the legacy is for the nearest relative or for al-‘Asabah (the relatives from the father’s side only). He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy is for the nearest relatives and for the mouth of relatives from the father’s side only is dirt (soil).”’
ابْنُكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنِ ابْنِ ابْنِكَ وَ ابْنُ ابْنِكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ قَالَ وَ أَخُوكَ لِأَبِيكَ وَ أُمِّكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ قَالَ وَ أَخُوكَ لِأَبِيكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ لِأُمِّكَ[2] قَالَ وَ ابْنُ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ وَ أُمِّكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ قَالَ وَ ابْنُ أَخِيكَ مِنْ أَبِيكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ عَمِّكَ قَالَ وَ عَمُّكَ أَخُو أَبِيكَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أ
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Your son is more deserving of you than your grandson, and your grandson is more deserving of you than your brother.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your brother from your both parents is more deserving of you than your brother from your father only. Your brother from your father is more deserving o
وَ لِكُلٍ جَعَلْنا مَوالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوالِدانِ وَ الْأَقْرَبُونَ[3] قَالَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ أُولِي الْأَرْحَامِ فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ وَ لَمْ يَعْنِ أَوْلِيَاءَ النِّعْمَةِ فَأَوْلَاهُمْ بِالْمَيِّتِ أَقْرَبُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الرَّحِمِ الَّتِي تَجُرُّهُ إِلَيْهَا.
what is meant thereby are relatives in inheritance, not the benefactors who provide benefits. Thus the more deserving of a deceased is one who is nearest to him as a relative and womb, and the relationship which brings him toward it.’”
إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ كُلَّ ذِي رَحِمٍ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ الَّذِي يَجُرُّ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ وَارِثٌ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ مِنْهُ فَيَحْجُبَهُ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it is in the book of Ali (a.s.), that every relative is like the kinship and womb that has established such relation unless there is one who is closer to the deceased than him who then becomes a barrier.’”
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا كَانَ وَارِثٌ مِمَّنْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِالْمَالِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘An heir who has an ordained share is more deserving of the legacy.’”
قَالَ إِذَا الْتَفَّتِ الْقَرَابَاتُ فَالسَّابِقُ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِ قَرِيبِهِ فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ قَامَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمْ مَقَامَ قَرِيبِهِ.
‘When relations overlay each other then the earliest is more deserving of legacy of his relative, and if they are equal then each one takes the place of one who is close to him.’”
لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْفَرَائِضِ وَ الطَّلَاقِ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘People do not behave properly in matters of obligations and divorce without the sword (enforcing authority).’”
لَا تَقُومُ الْفَرَائِضُ وَ الطَّلَاقُ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Obligations and divorce are not dealt with properly without the sword.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ النِّسَاءِ هَلْ يَرِثْنَ الرِّبَاعَ[1] فَقَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يَرِثْنَ قِيمَةَ الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ لَا يَرْضَوْنَ بِذَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا وُلِّينَا فَلَمْ يَرْضَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ بِالسَّوْطِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقِيمُوا ضَرَبْنَاهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about women; if they inherit from the house. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, but they inherit from the value of the building.’ I (the narrator) then said, ‘People do not agree with it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When we will be in authority if people disagree we will use the sword and whip and
أَتَى أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع رَجُلٌ بِالْبَصْرَةِ بِصَحِيفَةٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ انْظُرْ إِلَى هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا نَصِيحَةً فَنَظَرَ فِيهَا ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى وَجْهِ الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقاً كَافَيْنَاكَ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ كَاذِباً عَاقَبْنَاكَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ نُقِيلَكَ أَقَلْنَاكَ فَقَالَ بَلْ تُقِيلُنِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ أَيّ
“A man in Basrah brought a Sahifah (a booklet) and said, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, look at this booklet; there is advice in it.’ He (the Imam) looked at it, then he looked at the face of the man and said, ’If you are truthful we compensate you; if you are not truthful we will penalize you, if you want us to release you we
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَا مُقَدِّمَ لِمَا أَخَّرَ وَ لَا مُؤَخِّرَ لِمَا قَدَّمَ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِإِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيَّتُهَا الْأُمَّةُ الْمُتَحَيِّرَةُ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا لَوْ كُنْتُمْ قَدَّمْتُمْ مَنْ قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ وَ أَخَّرْتُمْ مَنْ أَخَّرَ اللَّهُ وَ جَعَلْتُمُ الْوِلَايَةَ وَ الْوِرَاثَةَ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ مَا ع
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘All praise belongs to Allah. What Allah places last no one is able to place it first, and no one is able to place last what He has placed first.’ He (the Imam) then tapped his one hand with the other hand. He said, ‘O confused nation after her Prophet,
إِنَّ الَّذِي يَعْلَمُ عَدَدَ رَمْلِ عَالِجٍ لَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْفَرَائِضَ لَا تَعُولُ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The one who knows the number of the grains of sand of a sand valley definitely knows that no deficiency takes place in the ordained shares which are not more than six.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع رُبَّمَا أُعِيلَ السِّهَامُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمِائَةِ أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ تَجُوزُ سِتَّةً ثُمَّ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ الَّذِي أَحْصَى رَمْلَ عَالِجٍ لَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ عَلَى سِتَّةٍ لَوْ يُبْصِرُونَ وَجْهَهَا لَمْ تَجُزْ سِتَّةً.
“I once said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘The ordained shares may turn into one hundred or less or more/ He (the Imam) said, ‘The ordained sharers do not exceed six.’ He (the Imam) said that Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘The one who has enumerated the number of the grains of sand of a sand valley knows that the ordained share
جَالَسْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَعَرَضَ ذِكْرُ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ أَ تَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَحْصَى رَمْلَ عَالِجٍ عَدَداً جَعَلَ فِي مَالٍ نِصْفاً وَ نِصْفاً وَ ثُلُثاً فَهَذَانِ النِّصْفَانِ قَدْ ذَهَبَا بِالْمَالِ فَأَيْنَ مَوْضِعُ الثُّلُثِ فَقَالَ لَهُ زُفَرُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ يَا أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ فَمَنْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ فَقَالَ
“I sat with Ibn ‘Abbas that a mention of ordained shares of inheritance was made and Ibn ‘Abbas said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, the most great. Do you think that one who enumerates the number of the grains of sand in a sand valley has designated half and half and one-third? The two halves take away the legacy then
السِّهَامُ لَا تَعُولُ وَ لَا تَكُونُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ. وَ- عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.
The ordained shares do not face deficiency and they are not more than six.’” It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah a similar Hadith.
قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ بُكَيْرَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ لَا تَكُونُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافٌ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع.
“I once said to Zurarah that Bukayr ibn ’A’yan has narrated to me from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that the shares do not face deficiency and they are not more than six. He said, ‘This is of things in which there are no differences among our people from abu ‘Abd Allah, and abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhim al- Salam.”’
السِّهَامُ لَا تَعُولُ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares do not face deficiency.”’
أَمَرَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَقْرَأَنِي صَحِيفَةَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَرَأَيْتُ جُلَّ مَا فِيهَا عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ[1].
“Abu Ja‘far, commanded abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, to make me read the booklet on ordained shares and I saw most of them were up to four shares.’”
أَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَكُونُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares are not more than six.’”
قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَرَائِضَ عَلِيٍّ ع فَكَانَ أَكْثَرُهُنَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ وَ أَكْثَرُهُ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ.
“I read before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), the ordained shares (from the book of) according to Ali (a.s.). Many of them were from one-fifth or one-fourth and most of them were from one-sixth.’”
أَصْلُ الْفَرَائِضِ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ لَا تَزِيدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ لَا تَعُولُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ الْمَالُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِأَهْلِ السِّهَامِ الَّذِينَ ذُكِرُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The roots of ordained shares are six. They do not increase or face deficiency and thereafter the legacy is for those whose shares are mentioned in the book (of Allah).”’
قَالَ زُرَارَةُ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُلْقِيَ الْعَوْلَ فَإِنَّمَا يَدْخُلُ النُّقْصَانُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَهُمُ الزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الْوُلْدِ وَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ أَمَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يُنْقَصُونَ مِمَّا سَمَّى لَهُمُ [اللَّهُ] شَيْئاً.
“If you wish to deal with deficiency it is compensated from the share of those who have more, like children and brothers from the father. The husband and brothers from the mother do not compensate the deficiency from their ordained shares which Allah has mentioned.’”
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَدْخَلَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ [شَيْئاً] وَ أَدْخَلَ الزَّوْجَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَ الثُّمُنِ [شَيْئاً].
“He had heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has placed the parents with all other heirs and [nothing] from their one-sixth is reduced. He has placed husband and wife with heirs and [nothing] is reduced from one-fourth and one-eighth.’”
أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ ضَرَرٌ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Nothing is reduced from the ordained shares of four people: the parents and the husband and the wife.’”
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَدْخَلَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَ أَدْخَلَ الزَّوْجَ وَ الزَّوْجَةَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَ الثُّمُنِ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has placed parents with all other heirs who have ordained shares and nothing is reduced from their one-sixth for each parent and He has placed a husband and wife with all other heirs but nothing is reduced from one-fourth and one-eighth.’”
لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَا مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنَةِ إِلَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ وَ إِنَ الزَّوْجَ لَا يُنْقَصُ مِنَ النِّصْفِ شَيْئاً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا تُنْقَصُ الزَّوْجَةُ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ شَيْئاً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ مَعَهُمَا وَلَدٌ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنُ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘With the existence of a mother or father or son or daughter no one else inherits except the husband and wife. The one-half share of the husband is not reduced if there are no children; and from one-fourth of a wife nothing is reduced if there are no children; but if there is a child with
إِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أَبَاهُ أَوِ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ فَإِذَا تَرَكَ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِالَّذِي عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ- قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ[1] وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَا مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنَةِ أَحَدٌ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ غَيْرَ زَوْجٍ أَوْ زَوْجَةٍ.
“If a deceased leaves behind his mother, or father, or his son or his daughter with one of these four then what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has spoken about, ‘Allah gives you a fatwa about al -Kalalah’ (4:176) does not apply. With the existence of the mother, father, son or daughter no one of the creatures of
الْعِلَّةُ فِي وَضْعِ السِّهَامِ عَلَى سِتَّةٍ لَا أَقَلَّ وَ لَا أَكْثَرَ لِعِلَّةِ وُجُوهِ أَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْوُجُوهَ الَّتِي مِنْهَا سِهَامُ الْمَوَارِيثِ سِتَّةُ جِهَاتٍ لِكُلِّ جِهَةٍ سَهْمٌ فَأَوَّلُ جِهَاتِهَا سَهْمُ الْوَلَدِ وَ الثَّانِي سَهْمُ الْأَبِ وَ الثَّالِثُ سَهْمُ الْأُمِّ وَ الرَّابِعُ سَهْمُ الْكَلَالَةِ كَلَالَةِ الْأَبِ وَ الْخَامِسُ سَهْمُ كَلَالَةِ الْأُمِّ وَ السَّادِسُ سَهْمُ الزّ
إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْمَوَارِيثُ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ عَلَى خِلْقَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِحِكْمَتِهِ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَوَضَعَ الْمَوَارِيثَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ سُلالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلْناهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرارٍ مَكِينٍ فَفِي النُّطْفَةِ دِيَةٌ- ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَفِي
قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ وُلْدُهُ مِنَ الْقَرَابَةِ سَوَاءٌ تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ نِصْفَ مِيرَاثِ الرِّجَالِ وَ هُنَّ أَضْعَفُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ أَقَلُّ حِيلَةً فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَضَّلَ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِدَرَجَةٍ وَ لِأَنَّ النِّسَاءَ يَرْجِعْنَ عِيَالًا عَلَى الرِّجَالِ.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is it that when a man dies his sons’ shares of the legacy are twice as much as the share of his daughters even though females are less capable and weaker?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because Allah, most Majestic, most Gloriou
سَأَلَ الْفَهْفَكِيُّ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ع مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ع إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا عَلَيْهَا مَعْقُلَةٌ[1] إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي قَدْ كَانَ قِيلَ لِي إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَس
“Once, al-Fahfakiy asked abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ Abu Muhammad (a.s.), said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women; maintenance expenses and wergild to be paid by the relatives of the murderer, it is on men.’ I then
قَالَ لِي ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا مَعْقُلَةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمَيْنِ.
“Once ibn abu al-‘Awaja’ asked me, ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ He (the narrator) has said that certain persons of our people mentioned to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women and maintenance expenses and w
إِذَا هَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ فَتَرَكَ بَنِينَ فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ السَّيْفُ وَ الدِّرْعُ وَ الْخَاتَمُ وَ الْمُصْحَفُ- فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ مِنْهُمْ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man dies and leaves behind sons, the eldest son receives the sword, coat of arms, the ring and his (holy) book. If something happens to him then such items belong to the eldest son.’”
أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا تَرَكَ سَيْفاً وَ سِلَاحاً فَهُوَ لِابْنِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ بَنُونَ فَهُوَ لِأَكْبَرِهِمْ.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If a man leaves behind a sword and arms and sons, such items belong to the eldest son.”’
إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ سَيْفُهُ وَ مُصْحَفُهُ وَ خَاتَمُهُ وَ دِرْعُهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When a man dies, his sword, holy book, his ring and coat of arms belong to his eldest son.’”
إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَسَيْفُهُ وَ خَاتَمُهُ وَ مُصْحَفُهُ وَ كُتُبُهُ وَ رَحْلُهُ[1] وَ رَاحِلَتُهُ وَ كِسْوَتُهُ لِأَكْبَرِ وُلْدِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَكْبَرُ ابْنَةً فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When a man dies, his sword, ring, holy book, his books, his personal belongings, his stumper and clothes belong to his eldest son and if the eldest among his children is a girl then such items belong to the next eldest son.’”
وَرِثَ عَلِيٌّ ع عِلْمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ وَرِثَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع تَرِكَتَهُ.
"Ali (as) inherited the knowledge of Rasulullah (sw) and Fatima (as) inherited his belongings (what he left behind)."
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَنْ وَرِثَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ فَاطِمَةُ ع وَ وَرِثَتْهُ مَتَاعَ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخُرْثِيَ[2] وَ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ لَهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), ’Who inherited the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause?’ He (the Imam) said, ’Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, inherited his household assets and all that belonged to him (the Messenger of Allah).”’
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَرْمَانِيّاً مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ لِي وَ مَا الْأَرْمَانِيُّ قُلْتُ نَبَطِيٌّ مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الْجِبَالِ[3] مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ بِتَرِكَتِهِ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي أَعْطِهَا النِّصْفَ قَالَ فَأَخْبَرْتُ زُرَارَةَ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي اتَّقَاكَ إِنَّمَا الْمَالُ لَهَا قَالَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدُ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ أَصْحَ
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that an Armani man has died and has made a will to me. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is Armaniy?’ I replied, ‘He is a Nabatiy from Nabatiy people of mountains who has died. He has made a will to me about his legacy and has left behind his daughter.’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Give he
أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَخَاهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ.
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and his brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter.’”
الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ.
“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and his sister from his father and mother, he (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter and there is nothing for the sister from his father and mother.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَمِّ شَيْءٌ أَوْ قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَمِّ مَعَ الِابْنَةِ شَيْءٌ.
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and uncle. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter and there is nothing for the uncle, aunt’, or that he (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing for the uncle with the existence of the daughter.’”
أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ رَجُلٌ وَ تَرَكَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ قَالَ لِي عَصَبَةٌ بِالشَّامِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَعْطِ الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَ الْعَصَبَةَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ أَخْبَرْتُ أَصْحَابَنَا بِقَوْلِهِ فَقَالُوا اتَّقَاكَ فَأَعْطَيْتُ الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ ثُمَّ حَجَجْتُ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّ
“A man made a will about five hundred dirhams or six hundred dirhams, leaving behind his daughter, and told me that his paternal relatives are in the Levant. I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘Give one-half to his daughter and the other half to his paternal relatives.’ When I returned to a
قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and his sister from his mother and father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter and there is nothing for his sister from his mother and father.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ وَ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً فَقَالَ أَعْطِ الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَ اتْرُكْ لِلْمَوَالِي النِّصْفَ فَرَجَعْتُ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا لِلْمَوَالِي شَيْءٌ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا قَالُوا لَيْسَ لِلْمَوَالِي شَيْءٌ وَ إِنَّمَا اتَّقَاكَ فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا اتَّقَيْتُكَ وَ لَكِنِّي خِفْتُ عَلَي
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who made a will to me and died, leaving behind his daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘Give one-half to his daughter and leave the other half for al-Mawali (friends, guardians or masters).’ I then returned to our people and they said, ‘No, by Allah, there is nothi
بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الْبِنْتِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ أَوْلَادٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ.
“Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters replace their mother if the deceased does not leave behind any daughters and there is no other heir. Daughters of one’s son replace one’s son if the deceased does not leave behind any daughters of children and there are no other heirs besides them.’”
ابْنُ الِابْنِ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ أَبِيهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Grandchildren take the place of their father.’”
بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَرِثْنَ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ بَنَاتٌ كُنَّ مَكَانَ الْبَنَاتِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side take the place of their mother if other daughters of the deceased do not exist.’”
بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ وُلْدُ الْوَلَدِ أَبَداً يَقُومُونَ مَقَامَ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدُ الصُّلْبِ [وَ] لَا يَرِثُ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ا
Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side keep the place of their mother if the deceased does not leave behind other daughters and there is no other heir besides them. Daughters of one’s son take the place of their father if the deceased does not leave behind a son and no one else inheri
لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ.
“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The father receives two shares and the mother receives one share.”’