The Book of Inheritance

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ قَالَ يَا شَيْخُ تُرِيدُ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْأَخُ لَا يَرِثُ شَيْئاً قَالَ قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his mother and brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘O Shaykh, do you want the answer according to the book?’ He (the narrator) has said that I said, ‘Yes, I want it according to the book.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali (a.s.), would give the legacy to th

هِيَ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ وَ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his parents, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is from three shares, one share for the mother and two for the father.’”

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً حَدَّثُونِي عَنْهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع بِأَشْيَاءَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْكَ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا بَاطِلًا فَقُلْ هَذَا بَاطِلٌ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا حَقّاً فَقُلْ هَذَا حَقٌّ وَ لَا تَرْوِهِ وَ اسْكُتْ‌[1]- وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع فِي أَبَوَيْنِ وَ إِخْوَةٍ لِأُمٍّ أَنَّهُمْ يَحْجُبُونَ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَ فَقَالَ هَذ

“I once said to Zurarah, "Certain people have narrated to me from him (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ) and from his father (a.s.), about certain things regarding the ordained shares. I like to show them to you so you can tell me which is false and which is right and do not narrate this (what is false) and remain quiet.’ I said

إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ أَخَوَيْنِ فَهُمْ‌[1] إِخْوَةٌ مَعَ الْمَيِّتِ حَجَبَا الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَاحِداً لَمْ يَحْجُبِ الْأُمَّ وَ قَالَ إِذَا كُنَّ أَرْبَعَ أَخَوَاتٍ حَجَبْنَ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ لِأَنَّهُنَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخَوَيْنِ وَ إِنْ كُنَّ ثَلَاثاً لَمْ يَحْجُبْنَ.

“Abu "Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, "If a deceased leaves behind two brothers, they are considered more than two brothers of the deceased and they bar the mother from one-third. If there is one brother he does not bar the mother.’ He (the Imam) said, "If there are four sisters they bar the mother from one-third because t

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ أُخْتَيْنِ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ هَلْ يَحْجُبَانِ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ لَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَثَلَاثٌ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَأَرْبَعٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of both parents and two sisters from both parents; if they bar the mother from one-third of the legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are three?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happen

لَا تَحْجُبُ الْأُمَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ إِلَّا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third if there is no son except because of two brothers or four sisters.’”

لَا تَحْجُبُ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ إِلَّا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ أَوْ لِأَبٍ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Fadl abu al-‘Abbas al-Baqbaq who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third except because of two brothers or four sisters from both p

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ لَا يَحْجُبُونَ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ.

“I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ’Brothers from the mothers’ side do not bar the mother from one-third of the legacy.’”

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا زُرَارَةُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ إِخْوَتَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ السُّدُسُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ قُلْتَ هَذَا قُلْتُ سَمِعْتُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ‌ فَإِنْ كانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ‌[1] فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا زُرَارَةُ أُولَئِكَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْ

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ’O Zurarah, what do you say about the case of a man who leaves behind his both parents and brothers from his mother’s side?’ He (the narrator) has said that he said, ‘One-sixth is for the mother and the rest is for the father.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’On what basis do you say so?’

أَقْرَأَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع صَحِيفَةَ كِتَابِ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي هِيَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع بِيَدِهِ فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُمَّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ سَهْماً فَهُوَ لِلْأُمِّ قَالَ وَ قَرَأْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَ

“Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), made me read the page of the book of ordained shares. It was according to the dictation of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and with the handwriting of Ali (a.s.). I found in it this, ’If a deceased leaves beh

وَجَدْتُ فِي صَحِيفَةِ الْفَرَائِضِ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ فَلِلِابْنَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ جُزْءَيْنِ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ.

“I found in the book of ordained shares that if a deceased leaves behind his daughter and both parents, the share of the daughter are three shares and the parents each receives one share. The legacy is made in five parts of which three are for the daughter and two for the parents, one share each.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ مَا أَجِدُ أَحَداً قَالَ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِرَأْيِهِ إِلَّا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا قَالَ فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ غَداً فَالْقَنِي حَتَّى أُقْرِئَكَهُ فِي كِتَابٍ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ حَدِّثْنِي فَإِنَّ حَدِيثَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تُقْرِئَنِيهِ فِي كِتَابٍ فَقَالَ لِيَ الثَّانِيَةَ اسْمَعْ مَا أَقُولُ لَ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not find anyone who has spoken about it but that they have spoken out of their opinion except ’ Amir al- Mu’minin (a.s.). I then asked, T pray to Allah to keep you well, what has ’ Amir al- Mu’minin said about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘To

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُكَيْراً يَرْوِيَانِ- عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي زَوْجٍ وَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ ابْنَةٍ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهُوَ لِلِابْنَةِ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا غَيْرُ خَمْسَةٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَ

“I once said to Zurarah that I have heard Muhammad ibn Muslim and Bukayr narrating from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the husband, both parents and a daughter. The share of the husband is one-fourth, three shares out of twelve shares, the parents receive two-sixth, four shares out of twelve shares and the remaining five sha

لِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ سَهْمَانِ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهِيَ لِلِابْنَةِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً لِأَنَّ الْأَبَوَيْنِ لَا يُنْقَصَانِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ شَيْئاً وَ أَنَ‌ الزَّوْجَ ل

“This is about the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband, both parents and a daughter. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The husband receives one-fourth. It is three shares out of twelve. The parents each receives one-sixth, two shares out of twelve. The remaining five shares belong to the daughter because if she w

دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ صَفْوَانُ كِتَاباً لِمُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لِي هَذَا سَمَاعِي مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ وَ قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ هَذَا مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافٌ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَنَّهُمَا سُئِلَا عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أُمَّهَا وَ ابْنَتَيْهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ ال

3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from Sama‘ah who has said that Safwan gave to him the book of Musa ibn Bakr which he read it before him and found Musa ibn Bakr narrating it from Sa’id from Zurarah who has said that: there are no differences among our people about the following case. Abu ‘Ab

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ لِلْأَبِ مَا بَقِيَ وَ قَالَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَعَ أَبَوَيْنِ قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ.

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, the share of mother is one-third and the remaining belongs to the father.’ About the case of a man who leaves behind a wife and both parents, he (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the wi

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ.

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and both parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, the share of mother is one-third and the remaining belongs to the father.’”

أَنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع أَقْرَأَهُ صَحِيفَةَ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي أَمْلَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطَّ عَلِيٌّ ع بِيَدِهِ فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ الثُّلُثُ تَامّاً وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once made me (Muhammad ibn Muslim) to read the book of ordained shares which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, to Ali (a.s.), who wrote it with his own hand. I read in it about the case of a woman wh

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً قَدْ حَدَّثُونِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِأَشْيَاءَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْكَ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا بَاطِلًا فَقُلْ هَذَا بَاطِلٌ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا حَقّاً فَقُلْ هَذَا حَقٌّ وَ لَا تَرْوِيهِ وَ اسْكُتْ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِمَا حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ فِي الزَّوْجِ وَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ.

“I once said to Zurarah that certain people narrated to me from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about certain things of ordained shares. I like to show them to you so you can tell me what is right and what is false; and about what is right, say that it is right but do not narrate and remain quiet, and

هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ. " قَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا لِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ‌ مَا بَقِيَ وَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ ه

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband, her mother and father, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is distributed from six shares, one-half, three shares for the husband, one-third, two shares for the mother and one-sixth is for the father.’ “Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan in this issue has said, ‘Of the proof

إِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ أَوِ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ إِذَا تَرَكَ وَاحِداً مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَلَيْسَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ[2].

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ’If a deceased leaves behind his father and mother or his son or his daughter, if one of these four people is left behind, they are not of those about whom Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “Say, Allah gives you a fatwa about Kalalah (burdensome people).’””

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْكَلَالَةِ فَقَالَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَالِدٌ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about Kalalah. He (the Imam) said, ‘One who is not a son or a father.’”

الْكَلَالَةُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَالِدٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Kalalah (burdensome people) is one who is not a son or a father.’”

وَقَعَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّي مُنَازَعَةٌ فِي مِيرَاثٍ فَأَشَرْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا بِالْكِتَابِ إِلَيْهِ‌[1] فِي ذَلِكَ لِيَصْدُرَا عَنْ رَأْيِهِ فَكَتَبَا إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً جَعَلَنَا اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ ابْنَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَ أُمِّهَا وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنَا بِمُرِّ الْحَقِّ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا كِتَابٌ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ

‘We pray to Allah to keep our souls in service for your cause, what do you say about the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and her daughter from her father and mother?’ I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if you consider it proper answer us with the bitter truth.’ A letter ca

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنَّا قَدِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَى هَذَا وَ الْمَيِّتُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّاسِ وَ أُخْتُهُ مُؤْمِنَةٌ عَارِفَةٌ قَالَ فَخُذِ النِّصْفَ لَهَا خُذُوا مِنْهُمْ كَمَا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْكُمْ‌[2] فِي سُنَّتِهِمْ وَ قَضَايَاهُمْ قَالَ اب

“Zurarah has said that al-‘Ammah (non-Shi‘ah) in their rules, decisions and ordained shares say something on consensus which is authoritative and binding upon them. In the case of a deceased who leaves behind his daughter or two daughters and his brother from his father and mother or his sister from his father and moth

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا وَ أَخَوَاتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ لَا يُنْقَصُ الزَّوْجُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who has left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and brothers and sisters from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of husband is one-half, three shares, the share of brothers from her mother is one-third, male and female receive equal shares

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ أُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ زَيْدٍ وَ فَرَائِضَ الْعَامَّةِ وَ الْقُضَاةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ

“Once a man came to abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about a woman who has died and left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and her sister from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, three shares, brothers from her mother receive one-third, two shares and the sister from

قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ إِنَّ الزَّوْج

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who has left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and brothers and sisters from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, three shares, the share of brothers from her mother is one-third which is two shares; male and female

سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ أُخْتَيْنِ وَ زَوْجٍ فَقَالَ النِّصْفُ وَ النِّصْفُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ قَدْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ لَهُمَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا لَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي أَخٍ وَ زَوْجٍ فَقَالَ النِّصْفُ وَ النِّصْفُ فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ سَمَّى اللَّهُ الْمَالَ فَقَالَ‌ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَها وَلَدٌ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُس

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ بُكَيْراً حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ لِأَنَّهُنَّ لَا يَكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ نَصِيباً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ لَوْ كَانُوا مَكَانَهُنَ‌[2] لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها

“I once said to Zurarah that ibn Bukayr has narrated to me from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that the shares of brothers from the father and sisters from father and mother increase and decrease. It is because their shares are not greater than the share of brothers and sisters from father and mother if they were in their place. A

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِابْنَتِهِ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ لِلْأُخْتِ فَرِيضَةً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ‌ فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهَا فَقَدْ خَالَفَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ كَذَلِ

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ فَرِيضَةِ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ مَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَداً مِنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ فِيهَا إِلَّا بِالرَّأْيِ إِلَّا عَلِيٌّ ع فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ فِيهَا بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص. - الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the ordained share of grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ’I do not know anyone who has spoken about it but that it is his own opinion except Ali (a.s.), who has spoken about it with the words of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ يَصِيرُ مِثْلَ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَلَغُوا قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَوْ قُلْتُ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ فَلَهُ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَ

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘ Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘The grandfather with brothers from the father’s side become like one of the brothers regardless of how many they are.’ He (the narrator) has said that I asked, ‘A man has left his brother from his mother and father and his grandfather’

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْجَدُّ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ مَا بَلَغُوا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘The grandfather distributes the legacy with brothers, regardless of how many they are; even if they are one hundred thousand.’”

هَذِهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ لِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his wife, sister and grandfather, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘This is distributed from four parts, one-fourth for the woman, one share for the sister and two shares for the grandfather.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ لِلْجَدِّ السُّبُعُ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying about six brothers and a grandfather, ‘The grandfather is the seventh.’”

هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ سَهْمٌ.

“About the case of a man who leaves behind five brothers and a grandfather, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is distributed from six; one part for each’”

الْإِخْوَةُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْأَبِ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ يَكُونُ الْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The grandfather, that is, the father of the father distributes the legacy with brothers from both parents and brothers from the father. The grandfather is like one of them, of the male ones.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَ لَوْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةً كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مَا يُصِيبُ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَهُ فَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَلِلْجَدِّ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ النِّصْفُ قَالَ وَ إ

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his father and mother

هَذَا مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ لِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his wife, sister and his grandfather, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is distributed from four parts. The woman receives one-fourth, the sister receives one share and the grandfather receives two shares.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ الْجَدُّ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ مَا بَلَغُوا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘The grandfather distributes the legacy with brothers in equal shares, no matter whatever the number of brothers is.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a brother from a father and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is distributed in equal shares.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ قَالَ يُعْطَى الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ الْبَاقِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَخُ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his mother. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not left other heirs besides him the legacy belongs to him.’ I then asked about a brother from a mother with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘One-sixth must be given to the broth

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَالَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of brothers from one’s mother, with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather is one- third.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً قَالَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لَهُ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ فَهُمْ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ سَوَاءً.

3. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Husayn ibn ‘Umarah from Misma‘ abu Sayyar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and lea

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَعْطِ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتَهُنَّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Two shares belong to the sisters from one’s mother if a grandfather is with them.’”

لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ نَصِيبُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ[1].

“About the case of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

About the case of a man who leaves behind brothers from his mother with a grandfather, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The ordained share of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

نَشَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صَحِيفَةً فَأَوَّلُ مَا تَلَقَّانِي فِيهَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[2] فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), made a book available to the public. I found in it that the son of a brother and a grandfather share a legacy in equal shares. I said, ‘I pray to All