Marriage

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنِ الصَّبِيَّةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ هِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ فَتَكْبَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا أَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا التَّزْوِيجُ أَوِ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ أَبِيهَا[4].

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a small girl whose father gave her in marriage, but he died before her husband went to bed with her; if her marriage was permissible or it was it up to her to decide. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her father’s giving in marriage is permissible.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْجَارِيَةُ يُرِيدُ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَ يُرِيدُ جَدُّهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُضَارّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْأَبُ زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الْأَبِ وَ الْجَدِّ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the g

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَ لِابْنِهِ أَيْضاً أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُوهَا رَجُلًا وَ جَدُّهَا رَجُلًا فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِنِكَاحِهَا.

‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”

إِنِّي لَذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَعْدِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ‌[1] فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ الْأَمِيرَ إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَ ابْنَتِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ لِجُلَسَائِهِ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَهُ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَالُوا نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَنِي أَق

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الْأَبُ وَ الْجَدُّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ لِلْأَوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ جَمِيعاً فِي حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَالْجَدُّ أَوْلَى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If both father and grandfather give in marriage, the first one’s marriage is effective and if both happens at the same time, the grandfather has the priority.’”

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ إِذَا زَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ وَ كَانَ أَبُوهَا حَيّاً وَ كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَرْضِيّاً جَازَ قُلْنَا فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ هَوًى وَ هَوِيَ الْجَدُّ هَوًى وَ هُمَا سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعَدْلِ وَ الرِّضَا قَالَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَرْضَى بِقَوْلِ الْجَدِّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a grandfather gives his granddaughter in marriage and his son is living but grandfather is ill, still marriage is binding.’ We then asked, ‘What happens if the father loves one and grandfather loves another man and they both are equal in justice and agreement?’ He (the Imam) said,

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ وَالِدُهُ فَإِنَّ تَزْوِيجَ الْأَبِ جَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ كَرِهَ الْجَدُّ لَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ الْجَدُّ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ الْأَبُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ.[1]

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man marries, then his father rejects it, giving in marriage by the father is permissible; if the grandfather dislikes it, it is not like the case where grandfather gives in marriage, then father wants to reverse it.”’

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَنْكَحَهَا أَخُوهَا رَجُلًا ثُمَّ أَنْكَحَتْهَا أُمُّهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلًا وَ خَالُهَا أَوْ أَخٌ لَهَا صَغِيرٌ فَدُخِلَ بِهَا فَحَبِلَتْ فَاحْتَكَمَا فِيهَا فَأَقَامَ الْأَوَّلُ الشُّهُودَ فَأَلْحَقَهَا بِالْأَوَّلِ وَ جَعَلَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَيْنِ جَمِيعاً وَ مَنَعَ زَوْجَهَا الَّذِي حُقَّتْ لَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا ثُمَّ أَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِأَ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment. It was about the case of a woman whose brother gave her in marriage to one man and her mother gave her in marriage to another man, her maternal uncle or her brother were younger. He went to bed with her and she became pregnant and the two me

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ كَانَ لَهَا أَخَوَانِ زَوَّجَهَا الْأَكْبَرُ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَ زَوَّجَهَا الْأَصْغَرُ بِأَرْضٍ‌ أُخْرَى قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ بِهَا أَوْلَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْآخَرُ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ نِكَاحُهُ جَائِزٌ[1].

‘The first has priority unless the other one has gone to bed with her, and if he has gone to bed she is his wife and his marriage is binding.”’

سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَوَيْنِ وَ الْبِنْتَ وَ الِابْنَةُ صَغِيرَةٌ فَعَمَدَ أَحَدُ الْأَخَوَيْنِ الْوَصِيُّ فَزَوَّجَ الِابْنَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَبُو الِابْنِ الْمُزَوَّجِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ مَاتَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ أَخِي لَمْ يُزَوِّجْ ابْنَهُ فَزَوَّجَ الْجَارِيَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ فَقِيلَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ أَيُّ الزَّوْجَيْنِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكِ الْأَوَّلُ أَوِ الْآخَرُ قَالَتِ الْآخَرُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ

“Once a man asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind two brothers and a daughter who is small. One brother becomes the executor of the will and gives the girl in marriage to his son. The father of the boy married to the girl dies and thereafter the other brother says that his brot

زَوِّجْنِي فُلَاناً فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَا أُزَوِّجُكِ حَتَّى تُشْهِدِي لِي أَنَّ أَمْرَكِ بِيَدِي فَأَشْهَدَتْ لَهُ فَقَالَ عِنْدَ التَّزْوِيجِ لِلَّذِي يَخْطُبُهَا يَا فُلَانُ عَلَيْكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ هُوَ لِلْقَوْمِ اشْهَدُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَهَا عِنْدِي وَ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُهَا نَفْسِي فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ وَ مَا أَمْرِي إِلَّا بِيَدِي وَ مَا وَلَّيْتُكَ أَمْرِي إِلَّا حَيَاءً مِنَ

“About the case of a woman who appoints a man to form her marriage with so and so and he says, ‘I will do so only if you testify that I am your attorney;’ she testifies for him and at the time of ceremony he says to the man who has proposed marriage, ‘O so and so you owe such and such amount’ and he says, ‘Yes, I agree

قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّا نُزَوِّجُ صِبْيَانَنَا وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا زُوِّجُوا وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ لَمْ يَكَادُوا يَتَأَلَّفُوا.

“It was once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘We give our children in marriage when they are small children.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If they are given in marriage when they are small, they may fail to develop loving relationships.’”

لَا يُدْخَلُ بِالْجَارِيَةِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ لَهَا تِسْعُ سِنِينَ أَوْ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ.

"One should not have sex with a female servant until she reaches nine years of age or ten years of age."

قَالَ: إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ هِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ فَلَا يَدْخُلْ بِهَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ لَهَا تِسْعُ سِنِينَ.

"If a man marries a maid while she is still young, he should not have sex with her until she reaches the age of nine years."

لَا يُدْخَلْ بِالْجَارِيَةِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ لَهَا تِسْعُ سِنِينَ أَوْ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ.

"One should not have sex with a female servant until she reaches nine years of age or ten years of age."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لِمَوْلًى لَهُ انْطَلِقْ فَقُلْ لِلْقَاضِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص حَدُّ الْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ يُدْخَلَ بِهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ.

The Messenger of Allah (sw) said, 'The limit for a woman by which her husband can have sex with her is when she is nine years old.'"

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدُ فَوَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ لِوَلَدِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ وَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا لِوَلَدِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife who marries another man and gives birth from the second man; if her children from the second husband are lawful for the children of the first husband from his wife other than her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا يَطْلُبُ وَلَدَهَا فَلَمْ يُرْزَقْ مِنْهَا وَلَداً فَوَهَبَهَا لِأَخِيهِ أَوْ بَاعَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَوْلَاداً أَ يُزَوِّجُ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَلَدَ أَخِيهِ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a slave-girl with whom he goes to bed seeking to have a child, but does not become fortunate to have a child and gives her to his brother as a gift or sells her and she gives birth to several children; if his children from a w

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَقَالَ كَرِّرْهَا عَلَيَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ فَلَمْ تُرْزَقْ مِنِّي وَلَداً فَبِعْتُهَا فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِي وَلَداً وَ لِي وَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا فَأُزَوِّجُ وَلَدِي مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَلَدَهَا قَالَ تُزَوِّجُ مَا كَانَ لَهَا مِنْ وَلَدٍ قَبْلَكَ يَقُولُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكَ‌[2].

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about this case and he asked me to say it again and I said, ‘I had a slave-girl and I was not fortunate to have a child from her so I sold her and she give birth to a child from someone other than me and I have a child from a woman other than her; if I can give in marriage my child f

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الِابْنَةُ لَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and his son marries the daughter of that woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘If her daughter was there before she married him, it is not unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ عَلَى مَنِ الصَّدَاقُ قَالَ عَلَى الْأَبِ إِنْ كَانَ ضَمِنَهُ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ‌[1] لِلْغُلَامِ مَالٌ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ فَذَلِكَ إِلَى أَب

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked if divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I asked, ‘Who must pay mahr (dower)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘T

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِابْنِهِ مَالٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِابْنِ مَالٌ فَالْأَبُ ضَامِنُ الْمَهْرِ ضَمِنَ أَوْ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his son has any assets mahr (dower) is on him but if the son does not have any asset then the father is responsible for mahr (dower) whether he accepts such respo

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَزَوَّجَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْنِ وَ فَرَضَ الصَّدَاقَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ مِنْ أَيْنَ يُحْسَبُ الصَّدَاقُ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْمَالِ أَوْ مِنْ حِصَّتِهِمَا قَالَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who had sons and he arranged marriage for two of them and assigned mahr (dower) then he died; who was to pay mahr (dower); was it to be from all of the legacy or from the share of the two sons. He (the Imam) sa

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ غُلَامٍ وَ جَارِيَةٍ زَوَّجَهُمَا وَلِيَّانِ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَيْنِ فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَ أَيُّهُمَا أَدْرَكَ كَانَ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَا مَهْرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ أَدْرَكَا وَ رَضِيَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِن

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a boy and a girl for whom marriage is arranged by their guardians and they are not mature yet. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is binding and whichever becomes mature has a choice but if they die before maturity there will be no inheritance betwe

قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ إِنَّ أَبَوَيَّ أَرَادَا غَيْرَهَا قَالَ تَزَوَّجِ الَّتِي هَوِيتَ وَ دَعِ الَّتِي يَهْوَى أَبَوَاكَ‌[2].

‘Marry the one you love, not the one your parents love.”’

النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ إِنْ شَاءَ الْمُتَزَوِّجُ قَبِلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الْمُتَزَوِّجُ تَزْوِيجَهُ فَالْمَهْرُ لَازِمٌ لِأُمِّهِ.

“Once, abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man whose mother arranged marriage for him in his absence. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is permissible, the husband may agree or disagree; and if he disagrees payment of mahr (dower) becomes due on his mother.’”

‌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِصَدَاقِهَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِصَدَاقِهَا إِلَى الْأَجَلِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا سَبِيلٌ وَ ذَلِكَ شَرْطُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ حِينَ أَنْكَحُوهُ فَقَضَى لِلرَّجُلِ أَنَّ بِيَدِهِ بُضْعَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ أَحْبَطَ شَرْطَهُمْ

“About the case of a man who marries a woman for an appointed time that if within that time he pays mahr (dower) she is his wife and if he does not pay mahr (dower) within the appointed time he will have no way to the woman because such is their condition of the time of forming marriage, abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ha

يَفِي لَهَا بِذَلِكَ أَوْ قَالَ يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ‌[1].

“About the case of a man who marries a woman with the condition that he will not take her out of her town, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must keep that promise’ or that he (the Imam) said, ‘It is binding upon him.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا إِذَا شَاءَ وَ يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا شَيْئاً مُسَمًّى كُلَّ شَهْرٍ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[2].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman with the condition to come to her whenever he wants and pays her an agreed upon amount every month. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمَهَارِيَّةِ[1] يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهَا عِنْدَ عُقْدَةِ النِّكَاحِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا مَتَى شَاءَ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ وَ كُلَّ جُمْعَةٍ يَوْماً وَ مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرْطُ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَهَا مَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ وَ الْقِسْمَةِ وَ لَكِنَّهُ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَخَافَتْ مِنْهُ نُشُوزاً أَوْ خَافَتْ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ع

“Abu Abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who married a woman who could only be visited during the day because of a condition at the time of forming marriage that he could visit her whenever he wants, like every month, every week one day with so and so amount for expenses. He (the Imam) said, ‘Such cond

لِعَبْدِهِ أُعْتِقُكَ عَلَى أَنْ أُزَوِّجَكَ ابْنَتِي فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجْتَ أَوْ تَسَرَّيْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْكَ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ تَسَرَّى أَوْ تَزَوَّجَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ شَرْطُهُ.

“About the case of a man who has a slave to whom he says, ‘I set you free with the condition that I will give my daughter in marriage to you and if you married a second wife on her or did something secretly against her you must pay one hundred dinar’, and he sets him free on such condition but he does secretly and marr

أَنَّ ضُرَيْساً كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ بِنْتُ حُمْرَانَ فَجَعَلَ لَهَا أَنْ لَا يَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَنْ لَا يَتَسَرَّى أَبَداً فِي حَيَاتِهَا وَ لَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلَتْ لَهُ هِيَ أَنْ لَا تَتَزَوَّجَ بَعْدَهُ وَ جَعَلَا عَلَيْهِمَا مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَ الْحَجِّ وَ الْبُدْنِ وَ كُلَّ مَالِهِمَا فِي الْمَسَاكِينِ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَتَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع

“Durays was married to the daughter of Humran with the condition that he will not marry a second wife on her and will never do anything secretly against her in her lifetime and after her death and a condition on her not to marry anyone after him. They set upon each other the condition of offering sacrifice, al-Hajj, an

خَالَفَ السُّنَّةَ وَ وَلَّى الْحَقَّ مَنْ لَيْسَ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَضَى أَنَّ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الصَّدَاقَ وَ أَنَّ بِيَدِهِ الْجِمَاعَ وَ الطَّلَاقَ وَ تِلْكَ السُّنَّةُ.

“About the case of a woman who marries a man and she as part of her mahr (dower) says that going to bed will be in her control as well as divorce, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is against the Sunnah and has entrusted the right with one who is not the right person for it. Judgment requires that the man must pay m

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع وَ أَنَا قَائِمٌ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ شَرِيكاً لِي كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا فَبَانَتْ مِنْهُ فَأَرَادَ مُرَاجَعَتَهَا وَ قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَتَزَوَّجُكَ أَبَداً حَتَّى تَجْعَلَ اللَّهَ لِي عَلَيْكَ أَلَّا تُطَلِّقَنِي وَ لَا تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيَّ قَالَ وَ فَعَلَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَدْ فَعَلَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ وَ

“I once said to abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), when I was standing, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, my partner had a wife. He divorced her and became stranger to her then he wanted to go back to her and she said, ‘No, by Allah, I will never marry you until you make it binding on yourself from A

سُئِلَ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ عَلَى أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ مَعَهُ فَإِنَّ مَهْرَهَا خَمْسُونَ دِينَاراً إِنْ أَبَتْ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ بِهَا إِلَى بِلَادِ الشِّرْكِ فَلَا شَرْطَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا فِي ذَلِكَ وَ لَهَا مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ الَّتِي أَصْدَقَهَا إِيَّاهَا وَ إِنْ أَرَادَ أ

“This is concerning a question before abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), in my presence, about the case of a man who marries a woman for one hundred dinar with the condition that she will go with him to his town. If she will not go with him to his town her mahr (dower) will be fifty dinar. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he wants to

إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ فَاسِدٌ قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِالْمَهْرِ الَّذِي أَخَذَتْ مِنْهُ قَالَ إِنْ وَجَدَ مِمَّا أَعْطَاهَا شَيْئاً فَلْيَأْخُذْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئاً فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ زَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ وَلِيٌّ لَهَا ارْتَجَعَ عَلَى وَلِيِّهَا بِمَا أَخَذَتْ مِنْهُ وَ لِمَوَالِيهَا عَلَيْهِ عُشْرُ ثَمَنِهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ بِكْرا

“About the case of a man who marries a free woman and finds her to be a slave who has disguised herself before him, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the one who has given her in marriage is not one of her masters, the marriage is invalid.’ I then asked, ‘What should he do about mahr (dower) that she has taken?’ He

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكَةِ قَوْمٍ أَتَتْ قَبِيلَةً غَيْرَ قَبِيلَتِهَا وَ أَخْبَرَتْهُمْ أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ قَالَ وُلْدُهُ مَمْلُوكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ لَهَا شَاهِدٌ[2] أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ فَلَا تُمْلَكُ وُلْدُهُ وَ يَكُونُونَ أَحْرَاراً.

“This is concerning my question before him (the Imam); ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a slave- girl of a people who goes to a tribe other than her tribe and tells that she is free. A man marries her and she gives birth for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her children are slaves unless testimony is established to prove t

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَمَةٌ أَبَقَتْ مِنْ مَوَالِيهَا فَأَتَتْ قَبِيلَةً غَيْرَ قَبِيلَتِهَا فَادَّعَتْ أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَظَفِرَ بِهَا مَوْلَاهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ أَوْلَاداً فَقَالَ إِنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ الزَّوْجُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ أُعْتِقَ وُلْدُهَا وَ ذَهَبَ الْقَوْمُ بِأَمَتِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقِمِ الْبَيِّنَةَ أ

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a slave girl who runs away from her masters, comes to another tribe and claims that she is free. A man in a hurry comes forward, marries her and her master then succeeds to find her out when she has already given birth to children. He (the

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَطَبَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ ابْنَةً لَهُ مِنْ مَهِيرَةٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةُ دُخُولِهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَةً لَهُ أُخْرَى مِنْ أَمَةٍ قَالَ تُرَدُّ عَلَى أَبِيهَا وَ تُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ يَكُونُ مَهْرُهَا عَلَى أَبِيهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who proposes marriage to a man for his daughter for a certain amount of mahr (dower) but in the night of their going to bed he sends his other daughter who is from a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘He returns her to her father who must s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْطُبُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ ابْنَتَهُ مِنْ مَهِيرَةٍ فَأَتَاهُ بِغَيْرِهَا قَالَ تُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ الَّتِي سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ بِمَهْرٍ آخَرَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِيهَا وَ الْمَهْرُ الْأَوَّلُ لِلَّتِي دَخَلَ بِهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who proposes marriage to a man for his daughter for a certain amount of mahr (dower) but he sends someone other than her. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one identified in marriage must be sent to him with mahr (dower) paid by her father and

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ فَإِذَا امْرَأَتُهُ عَوْرَاءُ[2] وَ لَمْ يُبَيِّنُوا لَهُ قَالَ يُرَدُّ النِّكَاحُ مِنَ الْبَرَصِ وَ الْجُذَامِ وَ الْجُنُونِ وَ الْعَفَلِ‌[3].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries from a people but finds out that his wife is blind about which he was not informed. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is revoked only because of al-Bars (albino), leprosy, insanity and al-‘Afal (growth of something in woman’s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ بِهَا الْجُنُونُ وَ الْبَرَصُ وَ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لِلْمَهْرِ[4].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman who is insane or has leprosy and so on. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is responsible for mahr (dower).”’

تُرَدُّ الْبَرْصَاءُ وَ الْمَجْنُونَةُ وَ الْمَجْذُومَةُ قُلْتُ الْعَوْرَاءُ قَالَ لَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Marriage of a woman with illness of al-Bars (albino), insanity and leprosy is revoked and invalid.’ I asked about a blind. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it does not apply to her.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْمَحْدُودُ وَ الْمَحْدُودَةُ هَلْ تُرَدُّ مِنَ النِّكَاحِ قَالَ لَا قَالَ رِفَاعَةُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْبَرْصَاءِ فَقَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ زَوَّجَهَا وَلِيُّهَا وَ هِيَ بَرْصَاءُ أَنَّ لَهَا الْمَهْرَ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ أَنَّ الْمَهْرَ عَلَى الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ الْمَهْرُ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ دَلَّسَهَا وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a woman who suffers from al-Bars (albino). He (the Imam) said, ‘’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment, in the case of a woman who was given in marriage by her guardian when she suffered from al-Bars, that she deserves mahr (dower) which must be paid by the on

يُؤْخَذُ الْمَهْرُ مِنْهَا وَ لَا يَكُونُ عَلَى الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ[2].

About the case of a man who is appointed by a woman to manage her affairs or a relative or a neighbor who does not know about her cheating and he finds her as cheating about a defect which exists in her. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must pay back the mahr (dower) and the one who has given her in marriage does not owe anyth

لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الصَّدَاقُ بِالْغِشْيَانِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَلِيُّهُمَا تَعَمَّدَ ذَلِكَ أُغْرِمَ الصَّدَاقَ وَ لَا يَقْرَبُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا امْرَأَتَهُ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ فَإِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ صَارَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَتَا قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَرْجِعُ الزَّوْجَانِ بِنِصْفِ الصَّدَاقِ عَلَى وَرَثَتِ

“In the case of two sisters who were given (in marriage) as a gift to two brothers and who in the night of going to bed with them each one went to bed with the woman of the other one, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Each one must pay mahr (dower) because of going to bed and if their guardians had known it and ignored

قَالَ: فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَوَجَدَ بِهَا قَرْناً وَ هُوَ الْعَفَلُ أَوْ بَيَاضاً أَوْ جُذَاماً إِنَّهُ يَرُدُّهَا مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا[1].

“About the case of a man who marries a woman and finds Qarn or al- ‘Afal (growth of a substance in her vagina that prevents sexual intercourse) with her or whiteness or leprosy, he (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that he can revoke the marriage if he has not gone to bed with her.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ فَسَأَلَ عَنْهَا فَقِيلَ هِيَ ابْنَةُ فُلَانٍ فَأَتَى أَبَاهَا فَقَالَ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ فَزَوَّجَهُ غَيْرَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهَا غَيْرُ ابْنَتِهِ وَ أَنَّهَا أَمَةٌ فَقَالَ يَرُدُّ الْوَلِيدَةَ عَلَى مَوْلَاهَا وَ الْوَلَدُ لِلرَّجُلِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِي زَوَّجَهُ قِيمَةُ ثَمَنِ الْوَلَدِ يُعْطِيهِ مَوَالِيَ الْوَلِيد

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who looks at a woman, likes her, asks about her and it is said that she is daughter of so and so. He goes to her father and asks him to give his daughter in marriage to him but he gives another woman in marriage to him and she gives b

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا فَوَجَدَ بِهَا عَيْباً بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا دُلِّسَتِ الْعَفْلَاءُ وَ الْبَرْصَاءُ وَ الْمَجْنُونَةُ وَ الْمُفْضَاةُ وَ مَنْ كَانَ بِهَا زَمَانَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُرَدُّ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَ يَأْخُذُ الزَّوْجُ الْمَهْرَ مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا الَّذِي كَانَ دَلَّسَهَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلِيُّهَا عَلِمَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا

“About the case of a man who marries a woman by the approval of her guardian and finds a defect in her after going to bed with her, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘If the defect is al-‘Afal, al-Bars (albino), insanity, or ‘Ifda’ (an injury that cuts into her feces and urine passages), one who has an apparent defect and i

عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تَلِدُ مِنَ الزِّنَا وَ لَا يَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلِيُّهَا أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا وَ يَسْكُتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ رَأَى مِنْهَا تَوْبَةً أَوْ مَعْرُوفاً فَقَالَ‌ إِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ ذَلِكَ لِزَوْجِهَا ثُمَّ عَلِمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَشَاءَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَدَاقَهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا بِمَا دَلَّسَ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَلِيِّهَا وَ كَانَ الصَّدَاقُ الَّذِي أَخَذَت

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who gives birth because of going to bed with a man out of wedlock and no one except her guardian knows it, if it is proper for him to give her in marriage and remain quiet about it, provided, he has seen her repenting or good deeds.