Justice

رَآنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عَلَيَّ نَعْلٌ سَوْدَاءُ فَقَالَ يَا عُبَيْدُ مَا لَكَ وَ لِلنَّعْلِ السَّوْدَاءِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ فِيهَا ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ تُرْخِي الذَّكَرَ وَ تُضْعِفُ الْبَصَرَ وَ هِيَ أَغْلَى ثَمَناً مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَلْبَسُهَا وَ مَا يَمْلِكُ إِلَّا أَهْلَهُ وَ وَلَدَهُ فَيَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ جَبَّاراً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saw me with a black shoe and said, ‘O ‘Ubayd, what have you to do with a black shoe? Did you not know that it has three negative qualities? It slackens the penis, weakens the eyesight and it is more expensive than other shoes. If a man, who does not have anything except his wife and children, we

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا يَرْوُونَ أَنَّ حَلْقَ الرَّأْسِ فِي غَيْرِ حَجٍّ وَ لَا عُمْرَةٍ مُثْلَةٌ فَقَالَ كَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِذَا قَضَى مَنَاسِكَهُ عَدَلَ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا سَايَةُ فَحَلَقَ.

“I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘Our people narrate that shaving one’s head, except for al-Hajj or al-‘Umrah, is like causing deformity.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), after al-Hajj and al-‘Umrah would go to the town called Sayah and shave his head.’”

لِلدَّابَّةِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا سِتَّةُ حُقُوقٍ لَا يُحَمِّلُهَا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهَا وَ لَا يَتَّخِذُ ظَهْرَهَا مَجَالِسَ يَتَحَدَّثُ عَلَيْهَا وَ يَبْدَأُ بِعَلْفِهَا إِذَا نَزَلَ وَ لَا يَسِمُهَا وَ لَا يَضْرِبُهَا فِي وَجْهِهَا[1] فَإِنَّهَا تُسَبِّحُ وَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ إِذَا مَرَّ بِهِ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A stumper has six rights on its owner. He must not load more than its power. He must not take its back as a meeting place to keep talking from there. He must feed it as soon as he disembarks, must not mark it with burns, or hit it on its face because it says Tasbih (Allah is free of

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِنَّ مِنَ الْحَقِّ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّاكِبُ لِلْمَاشِي الطَّرِيقَ‌[2]. - وَ فِي نُسْخَةٍ أُخْرَى‌ إِنَّ مِنَ الْجَوْرِ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّاكِبُ لِلْمَاشِي الطَّرِيقَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is a matter of rights that a person riding say to the one walking, ‘the road ’ (meaning please open the road, to inform him of his presence).’ In another copy it is said that a rider saying to one walking ‘the road ’ is of injustice.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى‌ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ‌[1] قُلْتُ مَا آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ‌ قَالَ هُمَا كَافِرَانِ قُلْتُ‌ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ‌ فَقَالَ مُسْلِمَانِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Blessed, most High, ‘O believing people there must be two just (Muslim) witnesses when anyone of you is about to die or from other people.’ (5:106) I asked, ‘What is the meaning of ‘(there must be) two from other people?’ He (the Imam) s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ‌ قَالَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَمِنَ الْمَجُوسِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص سَنَّ فِي ال

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘O believing people there must be two just (Muslim) witnesses when anyone of you is about to die or from other people.’ (5:106) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said that in this verse, “‘The two from you”, means two Musli

خَرَجَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَ ابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ كَانَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ مُسْلِماً وَ ابْنُ بَيْدِيٍّ وَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَارِيَةَ نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ وَ كَانَ مَعَ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ خُرْجٌ لَهُ فِيهِ مَتَاعٌ وَ آنِيَةٌ مَنْقُوشَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ وَ قِلَادَةٌ أَخْرَجَهَا إِلَى بَعْضِ أَسْوَاقِ الْعَرَبِ لِلْبَيْعِ فَاعْتَلَّ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ عِلَّةً شَدِيدَةً فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْ

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his people in a marfu‘ manner has said the following: “Tamim al-Dariy, ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya once left for a journey. Tamim al-Dariy was a Muslim but ibn Baydiy and ibn Mariya were Christians and they were with Tamim al-Dariy who had certain assets and utensils, which were decor

يَقُولُ‌ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنَ الرُّوحِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ

“I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The owner of the asset has a greater degree of rights in his assets as long as there is some spirit in him. He can do about it whatever he wants.”’

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ يَقُولُ‌ لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِخُمُسِ مَالِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ وَ لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ فَقَدْ بَالَغَ قَالَ وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ أَوْ أَكْثَرِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ تُرَدُّ إ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), in this statement refers to the words of ’Amir al-Mu’minin. He (the Imam) said, ‘If I make a will about one-fifth of my legacy it is better than making a will about one- fourth of my legacy, and if I make a will about one-fourth of my legacy it is better than a will about one-third of my legacy. One

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ وَ خَلَّفَ وُلْداً رِجَالًا وَ نِسَاءً وَ صِبْيَاناً فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِمَّا لِأَبِي عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِصَّتِي وَ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِمَّا لِإِخْوَتِي وَ أَخَوَاتِي وَ أَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِرِضَاهُمْ عَنْكَ قَالَ تَكُونُ فِي سَعَةٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ حِلٍّ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ قَالَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي عُنُقِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ر

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and I owe him a certain amount of money. He has left behind children, male, female, and smaller children. One of them once came to me and said, ‘You are free of the responsibility of what you owed to my father as much as my share is concerned and you

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ بِالْجَارِيَةِ ثُمَّ تُعْجِبُهُ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ فِي عِيَالِهِ أَ تَرَى أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا أَوْ يُقَوِّمَهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُشْهِدَ بِثَمَنِهَا عَلَيْهِ أَمْ يَدَعَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلَا يَعْرِضَ لِشَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهُ- قَالَ يُقَوِّمُهَا قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَ يَحْتَسِبُ بِثَمَنِهَا لَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ يَمَسُّهَا.

“This is about the case of a man who gives a slave-girl as charity to his small children. He then begins to like the slave-girl but the children are small as his dependents, if he can touch the slave-girl, or appraise her for a fair price, then make witnesses to bear testimony to his owing such price to his children, o

أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِوَصِيَّةِ أَبِيهِ وَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ مَعَ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُصَادِفٍ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا عَهِدَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ هُوَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ‌ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ‌ وَحْدَهُ‌ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ‌ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ‌ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ وَ هُوَ عَلى‌ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُه

“Abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), sent to him the will of his father with his charity through abu Tsma‘il Musadif. “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful “This is the will of JaTar ibn Muhammad who testifies that no one deserves worship except Allah alone, who has no partners. To Him belongs the kingdom, to Him

مَنْ عَدَلَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَ مَنْ جَارَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ هُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who maintains justice in his will is like one who has given in charity in his lifetime and one who is unjust in his will he, on the Day of Judgment, will come before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, who will shun him.’”

سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ بِغَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَ تَرَكَ أَوْلَاداً ذُكْرَاناً [وَ إِنَاثاً] وَ غِلْمَاناً صِغَاراً وَ تَرَكَ جَوَارِيَ وَ مَمَالِيكَ هَلْ يَسْتَقِيمُ أَنْ تُبَاعَ الْجَوَارِي قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَصْحَبُ الرَّجُلَ فِي سَفَرِهِ فَيَحْدُثُ بِهِ حَدَثُ الْمَوْتِ وَ لَا يُدْرِكُ الْوَصِيَّةَ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِمَتَاعِهِ وَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ وَ كِبَارٌ أَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ مَت

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ’Isma‘il ibn Sa‘d al-Ash‘ariy who has narrated the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies without a will and leaves behind heirs of male and female, small boys and slave-girls and slaves i

جَالَسْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَعَرَضَ ذِكْرُ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ أَ تَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَحْصَى رَمْلَ عَالِجٍ عَدَداً جَعَلَ فِي مَالٍ‌ نِصْفاً وَ نِصْفاً وَ ثُلُثاً فَهَذَانِ النِّصْفَانِ قَدْ ذَهَبَا بِالْمَالِ فَأَيْنَ مَوْضِعُ الثُّلُثِ فَقَالَ لَهُ زُفَرُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ يَا أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ فَمَنْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ فَقَالَ

“I sat with Ibn ‘Abbas that a mention of ordained shares of inheritance was made and Ibn ‘Abbas said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, the most great. Do you think that one who enumerates the number of the grains of sand in a sand valley has designated half and half and one-third? The two halves take away the legacy then

بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ وُلْدُ الْوَلَدِ أَبَداً يَقُومُونَ مَقَامَ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدُ الصُّلْبِ [وَ] لَا يَرِثُ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ا

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side keep the place of their mother if the deceased does not leave behind other daughters and there is no other heir besides them. Daughters of one’s son take the place of their father if the deceased does not leave behind a son and no one else inheri

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع‌ مَوْلًى لَكَ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ بِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُهُ يَقُولُ كُلُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ هُوَ لِي فَهُوَ لِمَوْلَايَ فَمَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهَا وَ لَمْ‌ يَأْمُرْ فِيهَا بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ أَمَّا إِحْدَاهُمَا فَبِبَغْدَادَ وَ لَا أَعْرِفُ لَهَا مَوْضِعاً السَّاعَةَ وَ الْأُخْرَى بِقُمَّ فَمَا الَّذِي تَأْمُرُنِي فِي هَذِهِ الْمِائَةِ

“Once Muhammad ibn Hamzah al-‘Alawiy wrote to abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), and asked, ‘One of your Mawla made a will to me about a hundred dirham and I heard him say, ‘Everything that belongs to me is for my Mawla.’ He died and left it but did not instruct to give anything from it. He has two women of whom one is in B

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا كَثِيراً وَ تَرَكَ أُمّاً مَمْلُوكَةً وَ أُخْتاً مَمْلُوكَةً[1] قَالَ تُشْتَرَيَانِ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقَانِ وَ تُوَرَّثَانِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَبَى أَهْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ يُقَوَّمَانِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى مَا لَهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْقِيمَةِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمَا اشْتُرِيَا ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a large amount of assets, a mother and a sister who are owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are bought with the assets of the deceased, set free and made to inherit him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the people of the slave-g

وَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْخُنْثَى وَ قَوْلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيهِ يُوَرَّثُ الْخُنْثَى مِنَ الْمَبَالِ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا بَالَ وَ شَهَادَةُ الْجَارِّ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ لَا تُقْبَلُ مَعَ أَنَّهُ عَسَى أَنْ تَكُونَ امْرَأَةً وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ أَوْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا وَ قَدْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ وَ هَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ فَأَجَابَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثُ ع عَنْهَا أَم

“Yahya ibn Aktham asked him (the Imam) questions; among the questions that he asked one was about hermaphrodite and the words of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin that a hermaphrodite inherits according to the manner of urinating and that who must look at the child (the person) when urinating and that the testimony of one who is unfa

لَيْسَ يُحْيِيهَا بِالْقَطْرِ[2] وَ لَكِنْ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ رِجَالًا فَيُحْيُونَ الْعَدْلَ فَتُحْيَا الْأَرْضُ لِإِحْيَاءِ الْعَدْلِ وَ لَإِقَامَةُ الْحَدِّ لِلَّهِ أَنْفَعُ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْقَطْرِ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً.

Ahmad Bin Mahran, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Musa Bin Sa’dan, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ibrahim asws (7 th Imam asws ) regarding the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic [57:17] (Know that Allah) Revives the earth after its death . He asws said: ‘He azwj does not Revive it wit

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ سَاعَةٌ مِنْ إِمَامٍ عَدْلٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً وَ حَدٌّ يُقَامُ لِلَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ مَطَرِ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Hafs Bin Awn, raising it, said, ‘Rasool-Allah saww said: ‘A moment from a just Imam asws is superior to worship of seventy years, and a Penalty ( Hadd ) established for the Sake of Allah azwj in the earth is superior that the rain of forty mornings’.

الْجَارِيَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ ذَهَبَ عَنْهَا الْيُتْمُ وَ زُوِّجَتْ وَ أُقِيمَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْحُدُودُ التَّامَّةُ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ الْغُلَامُ إِذَا زَوَّجَهُ أَبُوهُ وَ دَخَلَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَ هُوَ غَيْرُ مُدْرِكٍ أَ تُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ الْحُدُودُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْحُدُودُ الْكَامِلَةُ الَّتِي يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا الرِّجَالُ فَلَا وَ لَكِنْ يُجْلَدُ فِي الْحُدُودِ ك

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazaz, from Yazeed Al Kunasy, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘The girl, when she reaches nine years of age, the orphan-hood goes away from her, and she gets married, and the complete Penalties are established upon her, and for her’. I said, ‘T

قَالَ: مَنْ أَقَرَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ عِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ بِحَقِّ أَحَدٍ مِنْ حُقُوقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ بِهِ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ صَاحِبُ حَقِّ الْحَدِّ أَوْ وَلِيُّهُ فَيَطْلُبَهُ بِحَقِّهِ.

Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Al Fuzayl Bin Yasaar, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws : ‘The one who accepts upon himself in the presence of the Imam asws with a right of someone from the rights of the Muslims, so it is not upon the Imam asws that he asws should established the Penalty ( Hadd ) upon him

إِذَا قَذَفَ الْعَبْدُ الْحُرَّ جُلِدَ ثَمَانِينَ وَ قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ حُقُوقِ النَّاسِ.

Ali Bin Iibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘When the slave slanders the free, he would be whipped eighty (lashes)’. And he asws said: ‘This is from the rights of the people’.

يُجْلَدُ ثَمَانِينَ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُجْلَدُ لِحَقِّهَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding an owned (slave) who slandered a married free woman. He asws said: ‘He would be whipped eighty (lashes) because, but rather he is being whipped for her rights’.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ عَبْدٍ مَمْلُوكٍ قَذَفَ حُرّاً قَالَ يُجْلَدُ ثَمَانِينَ هَذَا مِنْ حُقُوقِ النَّاسِ فَأَمَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ حُقُوقِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنَّهُ يُضْرَبُ نِصْفَ الْحَدِّ قُلْتُ الَّذِي مِنْ حُقُوقِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا هُوَ قَالَ إِذَا زَنَى أَوْ شَرِبَ خَمْراً فَهَذَا مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ الَّتِي يُضْرَبُ فِيهَا نِصْفَ الْحَدِّ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Sayf Bin Umeyr, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about an owned slave who slandered a free (person). He asws said: ‘He would be whipped eighty (lashes). This is from the rights of the people. So as for what was fr

فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَساداً أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا الْآيَةَ هَذَا نَفْيُ الْمُحَارَبَةِ غَيْرُ هَذَا النَّفْيِ قَالَ يَحْكُمُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَاكِمُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَمِلَ وَ يُنْفَى وَ يُحْمَلُ فِي الْبَحْرِ ثُمَّ يُقْذَفُ بِهِ لَوْ كَانَ النَّفْيُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ كَأَنْ يَكُونَ إِخْرَاجُهُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ آخَرَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Hafs, from Abdullah asws Bin Talha, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic [5:33] But rather, the Recompense of those who wage war against Allah and His Rasool and strive to make mischief in the land is only

لَا يُعْفَى عَنِ الْحُدُودِ الَّتِي لِلَّهِ دُونَ الْإِمَامِ فَأَمَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ حَقِّ النَّاسِ فِي حَدٍّ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ دُونَ الْإِمَامِ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Zureys Al Kunasy, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘None can excuse from the Penalties which are for the Sake of Allah azwj , besides the Imam asws . So as for what was from the rights of the

قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِنِّي احْتَلَمْتُ بِأُمِّكَ فَرَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا افْتَرَى عَلَى أُمِّي فَقَالَ لَهُ وَ مَا قَالَ لَكَ قَالَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ احْتَلَمَ بِأُمِّي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْعَدْلِ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقَمْتُهُ لَكَ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَاجْلِدْ ظِلَّهُ فَإِنَّ الْحُلُمَ مِثْلُ الظِّلِّ وَ لَكِنْ سَنَضْرِ

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said, ‘A man said to a man, during the era of Amir Al-Momineen asws , ‘I bed-wetted with your mother (in mind)’. So it was raised to Amir Al-Momineen asws . He said, ‘This one has fabricated upon my mother’. So he asws said to him

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَقَفَ بِمِنًى حِينَ قَضَى مَنَاسِكَهَا[3] فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اسْمَعُوا مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ وَ اعْقِلُوهُ عَنِّي فَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لَا أَلْقَاكُمْ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْقِفِ بَعْدَ عَامِنَا هَذَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً قَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ قَالَ فَأَيُّ شَهْرٍ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً قَالُوا هَذَا الشَّهْرُ قَالَ فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ أَعْظَمُ حُرْ

Ali Bin IBrahi, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Asama Zayd Al Shaham, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah saww paused at Mina where he saww fulfilled his saww rituals during the Farewell Hajj. So he saww said: ‘O you people! Listen to what I saww am saying to you all,

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ وُجِدَ فِي ذُؤَابَةِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص صَحِيفَةٌ فَإِذَا فِيهَا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* إِنَّ أَعْتَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ وَ الضَّارِبُ غَيْرَ ضَارِبِهِ وَ مَنْ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ مَوَالِيهِ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ حَدَثاً أَوْ آوَى مُحْدِثاً لَمْ يَقْبَ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Aban, from Abu Is’haq Ibrahim Al Sayqal who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said to me: ‘A parchment was found to be in a handle of a sword of Rasool-Allah saww in which was (inscribed): ‘In the Name of Allah azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The most t

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ ضَرَبْنَاهُ حَدّاً مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ فَمَاتَ فَلَا دِيَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْنَا وَ مَنْ ضَرَبْنَاهُ حَدّاً فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ حُقُوقِ النَّاسِ فَمَاتَ فَإِنَّ دِيَتَهُ عَلَيْنَا.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al Hassan Bin Salih Al Sowry, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Ali asws was saying: ‘The one we asws hit the legal penalty ( Hadd ) upon and he dies, so there is no wergild for him upon us asws , and the one we asws hit the l

أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ جِنَايَتُهَا فِي حُقُوقِ النَّاسِ عَلَى سَيِّدِهَا وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حُقُوقِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي الْحُدُودِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي بَدَنِهَا قَالَ وَ يُقَاصُّ مِنْهَا لِلْمَمَالِيكِ وَ لَا قِصَاصَ بَيْنَ الْحُرِّ وَ الْعَبْدِ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Nuaym Bin Ibrahim, from Misma’a Bin Abdul Malik, Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘A (slave) mother of the child, her crimes regarding the rights of the people are upon her master, and whatever was from the Rights of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding the legal

فِي الرِّجْلِ الْوَاحِدَةِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ وَ فِي الْأُذُنِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ إِذَا قَطَعَهَا مِنْ أَصْلِهَا وَ إِذَا قَطَعَ طَرَفَهَا فَفِيهَا قِيمَةُ عَدْلٍ وَ فِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا قُطِعَ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَ فِي الظَّهْرِ إِذَا انْكَسَرَ حَتَّى لَا يُنْزِلَ صَاحِبُهُ الْمَاءَ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَ فِي الذَّكَرِ إِذَا قُطِعَ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَ فِي اللِّسَانِ إِذَا قُطِعَ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Zurara, from Sama’at, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws : ‘Regarding the one leg is half the wergild; and regarding the ear is half the wergild when it is cut off from its roots, and when it is cut from its surroundings, so regarding it is a just valu

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْأَوَّلُ ع لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ‌[1] أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ هَلْ فِي حُكْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى اخْتِلَافٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا قَالَ فَمَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ رَجُلًا أَصَابِعَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ فَذَهَبَتْ وَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَأَطَارَ كَفَّ يَدِهِ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ وَ أَنْتَ قَاضٍ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ قَالَ أَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْقَاطِعِ أَعْطِهِ دِيَةَ ك

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Al Abbas Bin Al Hareysh, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws the 2 nd having said: ‘Abu Ja’far asws the 1 st said to Abdullah Bin Abbas: ‘O Ibn Abbas! I asws hereby adjure you with Allah azwj , is there a discrepancy in a Judgement of Allah azw

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَطَعَ يَدَيْنِ لِرَجُلَيْنِ الْيَمِينَيْنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا حَبِيبُ تُقْطَعُ يَمِينُهُ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَطَعَ يَمِينَهُ أَوَّلًا وَ تُقْطَعُ يَسَارُهُ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَطَعَ‌ يَمِينَهُ آخِراً لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَطَعَ يَدَ الرَّجُلِ الْأَخِيرِ وَ يَمِينُهُ قِصَاصٌ لِلرَّجُلِ الْأَوَّلِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَقْطَعُ الْيَدَ الْيُمْنَى وَ الرِّجْل

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Habeeb Al Sajistany who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about a man who cut two right hands of two men. O Habeeb! His right hand would be cut for the first man whose right hand he had cut, and his left would be cut for the last ma

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَلِيّاً ع إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَأَفْلَتَ فَرَسٌ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ وَ مَرَّ يَعْدُو فَمَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ فَنَفَحَهُ بِرِجْلِهِ‌[1] فَقَتَلَهُ فَجَاءَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَأَخَذُوهُ وَ رَفَعُوهُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ع فَأَقَامَ صَاحِبُ الْفَرَسِ الْبَيِّنَةَ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ فَرَسَهُ أَفْلَتَ مِنْ دَارِهِ وَ نَفَحَ الرَّجُلَ فَأَبْطَلَ عَلِيٌّ ع دَمَ صَاحِبِهِمْ فَجَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Ubeydullah Al Halby, from a man, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah asws sent Ali asws to Al-Yemen. A horse of a man from the people of Al-Yemen had escaped, and it had passed galloping by a man, and kicked him with its feed, s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ أَيْنَ كَانَ بَدْؤُهَا قَالَ كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ تَخَلَّفَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَرَجَعُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ مُتَشَحِّطاً فِي دَمِهِ قَتِيلًا فَجَاءَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَتَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ لِيُقْسِمْ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ رَ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the compurgation (sworn endorsements), ‘Where was its beginning?’ He asws said: ‘It was from before Rasool-Allah saww . When it was after the victory of Khyber, a man fr

كَتَبَ أَبِي فِي رِسَالَتِهِ إِلَيَّ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّهَادَةِ لَهُمْ فَأَقِمِ الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ وَ لَوْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ‌ أَوِ الْوالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ‌ فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِنْ خِفْتَ عَلَى أَخِيكَ ضَيْماً فَلَا[3]. - الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ‌ مِثْلَهُ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ’Isma‘il ibn Mehran from Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Khuza‘iy from Ali ibn Suwayd al-Sa’iy who has narrated the following: “My father wrote to me in his letter and I asked abu al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, about testimony for them. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must

إِذَا سَمِعَ الرَّجُلُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَ لَمْ يُشْهَدْ عَلَيْهَا فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ‌ شَاءَ شَهِدَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ سَكَتَ إِلَّا إِذَا عَلِمَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ‌[1] فَلْيَشْهَدْ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man hears a testimony but has not witnessed it, he has the choice to testify or remain silent, unless he knows that a rightful party suffers injustice, in which case it is not lawful to remain silent.’”

إِذَا سَمِعَ الرَّجُلُ الشَّهَادَةَ فَلَمْ يُشْهَدْ عَلَيْهَا فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ شَهِدَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ سَكَتَ إِلَّا إِذَا عَلِمَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ فَيَشْهَدُ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ لَا يَشْهَدَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man hears a testimony but has not witnessed it, he has the choice to testify or remain silent, unless he knows that a rightful party suffers injustice, in which case it is not lawful to remain silent.’”

دَخَلَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ وَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَسَأَلَاهُ عَنْ شَاهِدٍ وَ يَمِينٍ فَقَالَ قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ قَضَى بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ع عِنْدَكُمْ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَقَالا هَذَا خِلَافُ الْقُرْآنِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيْنَ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ خِلَافَ الْقُرْآنِ فَقَالا إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ- وَ أَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ‌[1] فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَوْ

“Once al-Hakam ibn ‘Utaybah and Salmah ibn Kuhayl visited abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about the testimony of one witness and a oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued judgment on such basis as wel

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ فِي دَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَغِيبُ عَنْهَا ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَ يَدَعُ فِيهَا عِيَالَهُ ثُمَّ يَأْتِينَا هَلَاكُهُ وَ نَحْنُ لَا نَدْرِي مَا أَحْدَثَ فِي دَارِهِ وَ لَا نَدْرِي مَا حَدَثَ لَهُ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ إِلَّا أَنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ نَحْنُ أَنَّهُ أَحْدَثَ فِي دَارِهِ شَيْئاً وَ لَا حَدَثَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا يُقْسَمُ هَذِهِ الدَّارُ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهِ الَّذِينَ تَرَكَ فِي الد

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a house and he remains absent from it for thirty years; but he leaves his family there, then news of his death comes. We do not know what may have happened in his house as well as to his children. We however, do not know of anything happening to his h

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع‌ هَلْ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ الْوَصِيِّ لِلْمَيِّتِ بِدَيْنٍ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَعَ شَاهِدٍ آخَرَ عَدْلٍ فَوَقَّعَ ع إِذَا شَهِدَ مَعَهُ آخَرُ عَدْلٌ فَعَلَى الْمُدَّعِي يَمِينٌ وَ كَتَبَ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ لِوَارِثِ الْمَيِّتِ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ بِحَقٍّ لَهُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ أَوْ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ وَ هُوَ الْقَابِضُ لِلْوَارِثِ الصَّغِيرِ وَ لَيْسَ

Muhammad ibn Yahya has said that Muhammad ibn al-Hassan once wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), asking if testimony of executor of the will is acceptable for the deceased about a loan that a man owes to the deceased with one more just witness. He (the Imam) (a.s.), signed the answer that said: ‘If one more just man testifie

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ‌ قَالَ فَقَالَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ فَيَطْلُبُ رَجُلَيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ لِيُشْهِدَهُمَا عَلَى وَصِيَّتِهِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ فَلْيُشْهِدْ عَلَى وَصِيَّتِهِ رَجُلَيْنِ ذِمِّيّ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . two just man from among you or two men from other people. 5 (5:106) He (the Imam) said, ‘The ‘two from you’ means two Muslims, the ‘two from other people 5 means from the followers of the book. 5 He (the

لَمْ أُشْهِدْهُ‌[1] فَقَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَعْدَلِهِمَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ أَعْدَلُهُمَا وَاحِداً لَمْ تَجُزْ شَهَادَتُهُ عَدَالَةً فِيهِمَا.

“This is about the case of a man who bears testimony to the testimony of another witness but then the man says that he had not appointed him as witness. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The testimony of the one who is more just is admissible but if such man of justice is one man then his testimony is not acceptable b

اتَّقُوا الْحُكُومَةَ فَإِنَّ الْحُكُومَةَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِلْإِمَامِ الْعَالِمِ بِالْقَضَاءِ الْعَادِلِ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَوْ وَصِيِّ نَبِيٍّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Stay away from governing, it is only for the Imam who has the knowledge of adjudication with justice among the Muslims. It is for a Prophet or Executor of the will of a Prophet.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ حَكَمَ فِي دِرْهَمَيْنِ بِحُكْمِ جَوْرٍ ثُمَّ جَبَرَ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ- وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْكافِرُونَ‌[2] فَقُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ يَجْبُرُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ لَهُ سَوْطٌ وَ سِجْنٌ فَيَحْكُمُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا رَضِيَ بِحُكُومَتِهِ وَ إِلَّا ضَرَبَهُ بِسَوْطِهِ وَ حَبَسَهُ فِي سِجْنِهِ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from certain persons of our people from ‘Abd Allah ibn Kathir from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan in a marfu‘ manner who has narrated the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ رَأْسِ الْحَاكِمِ تُرَفْرِفُ بِالرَّحْمَةِ[1] فَإِذَا حَافَ وَكَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The hand of Allah waves over the head of a governor and a judge because of judgment; but when he acts unjustly then Allah leaves him to his own self.’”

كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَاضٍ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِالْحَقِّ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَاغْسِلِينِي وَ كَفِّنِينِي وَ ضَعِينِي عَلَى سَرِيرِي وَ غَطِّي وَجْهِي فَإِنَّكِ لَا تَرَيْنَ سُوءاً فَلَمَّا مَاتَ فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَكَثَتْ بِذَلِكَ حِيناً ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا كَشَفَتْ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ لِتَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هِيَ بِدُودَةٍ تَقْرِضُ مَنْخِرَهُ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْ ذَل

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said among the Israelites there was a judge who judged with the truth. When his death approached, he said to his woman, ‘When I die, wash my body, shroud me, place me on my bed and cover my head so you do not see anything bad.’ When he died, she followed his instructions and waited for some time