Parents

لَا تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْجَارِيَةُ الَّتِي بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهَا إِذَا أَرَادَ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا هُوَ أَنْظَرُ لَهَا وَ أَمَّا الثَّيِّبُ فَإِنَّهَا تُسْتَأْذَنُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهَا إِذَا أَرَادَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَاهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The girl who is with her parents cannot appoint someone (to solemnize her marriage) when her father wants to give her in marriage; he is more careful than her. A woman for her second marriage must be asked for her permission if she lives with her parents and they want to giv

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع- عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ الصَّغِيرَةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا أَ لَهَا أَمْرٌ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ قَالَ لَا لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْبِكْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ مَبْلَغَ النِّسَاءِ أَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ قَالَ لَا لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ مَا لَمْ تَكْبَرْ[2].

“I once asked al-Rida’, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a small girl whose father wanted to give her in marriage: if she had any commandment. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, with the existence of her father she has no commandments.’ I then asked about a virgin who has grown like other woman; if she has any commandment with

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنِ الصَّبِيَّةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ هِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ فَتَكْبَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا أَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا التَّزْوِيجُ أَوِ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ أَبِيهَا[4].

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a small girl whose father gave her in marriage, but he died before her husband went to bed with her; if her marriage was permissible or it was it up to her to decide. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her father’s giving in marriage is permissible.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْجَارِيَةُ يُرِيدُ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَ يُرِيدُ جَدُّهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُضَارّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْأَبُ زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الْأَبِ وَ الْجَدِّ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the g

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَ لِابْنِهِ أَيْضاً أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُوهَا رَجُلًا وَ جَدُّهَا رَجُلًا فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِنِكَاحِهَا.

‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”

إِنِّي لَذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَعْدِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ‌[1] فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ الْأَمِيرَ إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَ ابْنَتِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ لِجُلَسَائِهِ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَهُ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَالُوا نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَنِي أَق

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الْأَبُ وَ الْجَدُّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ لِلْأَوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ جَمِيعاً فِي حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَالْجَدُّ أَوْلَى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If both father and grandfather give in marriage, the first one’s marriage is effective and if both happens at the same time, the grandfather has the priority.’”

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ إِذَا زَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ وَ كَانَ أَبُوهَا حَيّاً وَ كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَرْضِيّاً جَازَ قُلْنَا فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ هَوًى وَ هَوِيَ الْجَدُّ هَوًى وَ هُمَا سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعَدْلِ وَ الرِّضَا قَالَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَرْضَى بِقَوْلِ الْجَدِّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a grandfather gives his granddaughter in marriage and his son is living but grandfather is ill, still marriage is binding.’ We then asked, ‘What happens if the father loves one and grandfather loves another man and they both are equal in justice and agreement?’ He (the Imam) said,

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ وَالِدُهُ فَإِنَّ تَزْوِيجَ الْأَبِ جَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ كَرِهَ الْجَدُّ لَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ الْجَدُّ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ الْأَبُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ.[1]

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man marries, then his father rejects it, giving in marriage by the father is permissible; if the grandfather dislikes it, it is not like the case where grandfather gives in marriage, then father wants to reverse it.”’

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَنْكَحَهَا أَخُوهَا رَجُلًا ثُمَّ أَنْكَحَتْهَا أُمُّهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلًا وَ خَالُهَا أَوْ أَخٌ لَهَا صَغِيرٌ فَدُخِلَ بِهَا فَحَبِلَتْ فَاحْتَكَمَا فِيهَا فَأَقَامَ الْأَوَّلُ الشُّهُودَ فَأَلْحَقَهَا بِالْأَوَّلِ وَ جَعَلَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَيْنِ جَمِيعاً وَ مَنَعَ زَوْجَهَا الَّذِي حُقَّتْ لَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا ثُمَّ أَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِأَ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment. It was about the case of a woman whose brother gave her in marriage to one man and her mother gave her in marriage to another man, her maternal uncle or her brother were younger. He went to bed with her and she became pregnant and the two me

سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَوَيْنِ وَ الْبِنْتَ وَ الِابْنَةُ صَغِيرَةٌ فَعَمَدَ أَحَدُ الْأَخَوَيْنِ الْوَصِيُّ فَزَوَّجَ الِابْنَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَبُو الِابْنِ الْمُزَوَّجِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ مَاتَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ أَخِي لَمْ يُزَوِّجْ ابْنَهُ فَزَوَّجَ الْجَارِيَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ فَقِيلَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ أَيُّ الزَّوْجَيْنِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكِ الْأَوَّلُ أَوِ الْآخَرُ قَالَتِ الْآخَرُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ

“Once a man asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind two brothers and a daughter who is small. One brother becomes the executor of the will and gives the girl in marriage to his son. The father of the boy married to the girl dies and thereafter the other brother says that his brot

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدُ فَوَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ لِوَلَدِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ وَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا لِوَلَدِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife who marries another man and gives birth from the second man; if her children from the second husband are lawful for the children of the first husband from his wife other than her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا يَطْلُبُ وَلَدَهَا فَلَمْ يُرْزَقْ مِنْهَا وَلَداً فَوَهَبَهَا لِأَخِيهِ أَوْ بَاعَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَوْلَاداً أَ يُزَوِّجُ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَلَدَ أَخِيهِ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a slave-girl with whom he goes to bed seeking to have a child, but does not become fortunate to have a child and gives her to his brother as a gift or sells her and she gives birth to several children; if his children from a w

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَقَالَ كَرِّرْهَا عَلَيَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ فَلَمْ تُرْزَقْ مِنِّي وَلَداً فَبِعْتُهَا فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِي وَلَداً وَ لِي وَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا فَأُزَوِّجُ وَلَدِي مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَلَدَهَا قَالَ تُزَوِّجُ مَا كَانَ لَهَا مِنْ وَلَدٍ قَبْلَكَ يَقُولُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكَ‌[2].

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about this case and he asked me to say it again and I said, ‘I had a slave-girl and I was not fortunate to have a child from her so I sold her and she give birth to a child from someone other than me and I have a child from a woman other than her; if I can give in marriage my child f

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الِابْنَةُ لَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and his son marries the daughter of that woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘If her daughter was there before she married him, it is not unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ عَلَى مَنِ الصَّدَاقُ قَالَ عَلَى الْأَبِ إِنْ كَانَ ضَمِنَهُ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ‌[1] لِلْغُلَامِ مَالٌ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ فَذَلِكَ إِلَى أَب

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked if divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I asked, ‘Who must pay mahr (dower)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘T

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِابْنِهِ مَالٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِابْنِ مَالٌ فَالْأَبُ ضَامِنُ الْمَهْرِ ضَمِنَ أَوْ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his son has any assets mahr (dower) is on him but if the son does not have any asset then the father is responsible for mahr (dower) whether he accepts such respo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ غُلَامٍ وَ جَارِيَةٍ زَوَّجَهُمَا وَلِيَّانِ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَيْنِ فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَ أَيُّهُمَا أَدْرَكَ كَانَ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَا مَهْرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ أَدْرَكَا وَ رَضِيَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِن

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a boy and a girl for whom marriage is arranged by their guardians and they are not mature yet. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is binding and whichever becomes mature has a choice but if they die before maturity there will be no inheritance betwe

قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ إِنَّ أَبَوَيَّ أَرَادَا غَيْرَهَا قَالَ تَزَوَّجِ الَّتِي هَوِيتَ وَ دَعِ الَّتِي يَهْوَى أَبَوَاكَ‌[2].

‘Marry the one you love, not the one your parents love.”’

النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ إِنْ شَاءَ الْمُتَزَوِّجُ قَبِلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الْمُتَزَوِّجُ تَزْوِيجَهُ فَالْمَهْرُ لَازِمٌ لِأُمِّهِ.

“Once, abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man whose mother arranged marriage for him in his absence. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is permissible, the husband may agree or disagree; and if he disagrees payment of mahr (dower) becomes due on his mother.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَطَبَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ ابْنَةً لَهُ مِنْ مَهِيرَةٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةُ دُخُولِهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَةً لَهُ أُخْرَى مِنْ أَمَةٍ قَالَ تُرَدُّ عَلَى أَبِيهَا وَ تُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ يَكُونُ مَهْرُهَا عَلَى أَبِيهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who proposes marriage to a man for his daughter for a certain amount of mahr (dower) but in the night of their going to bed he sends his other daughter who is from a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘He returns her to her father who must s

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْطُبُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ ابْنَتَهُ مِنْ مَهِيرَةٍ فَأَتَاهُ بِغَيْرِهَا قَالَ تُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ الَّتِي سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ بِمَهْرٍ آخَرَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِيهَا وَ الْمَهْرُ الْأَوَّلُ لِلَّتِي دَخَلَ بِهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who proposes marriage to a man for his daughter for a certain amount of mahr (dower) but he sends someone other than her. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one identified in marriage must be sent to him with mahr (dower) paid by her father and

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ فَسَأَلَ عَنْهَا فَقِيلَ هِيَ ابْنَةُ فُلَانٍ فَأَتَى أَبَاهَا فَقَالَ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ فَزَوَّجَهُ غَيْرَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهَا غَيْرُ ابْنَتِهِ وَ أَنَّهَا أَمَةٌ فَقَالَ يَرُدُّ الْوَلِيدَةَ عَلَى مَوْلَاهَا وَ الْوَلَدُ لِلرَّجُلِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِي زَوَّجَهُ قِيمَةُ ثَمَنِ الْوَلَدِ يُعْطِيهِ مَوَالِيَ الْوَلِيد

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who looks at a woman, likes her, asks about her and it is said that she is daughter of so and so. He goes to her father and asks him to give his daughter in marriage to him but he gives another woman in marriage to him and she gives b

قَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَدَّعِي عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ أَنَّهُ عِنِّينٌ وَ يُنْكِرُ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ تَحْشُوهَا الْقَابِلَةُ بِالْخَلُوقِ‌[1] وَ لَا تُعْلِمُ الرَّجُلَ وَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا الرَّجُلُ فَإِنْ خَرَجَ وَ عَلَى ذَكَرِهِ الْخَلُوقُ صَدَقَ وَ كَذَبَتْ وَ إِلَّا صَدَقَتْ وَ كَذَبَ.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl al- Hashimiy from certain persons of his teachers who have said the following: “It is about the case of a woman before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when a man asked him (the Imam) about a man

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتٍ أَبْكَارٍ فَزَوَّجَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُنَّ رَجُلًا وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ الَّتِي زَوَّجَ لِلزَّوْجِ وَ لَا لِلشُّهُودِ وَ قَدْ كَانَ الزَّوْجُ فَرَضَ لَهَا صَدَاقَهَا فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ إِدْخَالُهَا عَلَى الزَّوْجِ بَلَغَ الرَّجُلَ أَنَّهَا الْكُبْرَى مِنَ الثَّلَاثَةِ فَقَالَ الزَّوْجُ لِأَبِيهَا إِنَّمَا تَزَوَّجْتُ مِنْكَ الصُّغْرَى مِنْ بَنَاتِكَ قَالَ فَقَا

“About the case of a man who has three virgin daughters and gives one of them in marriage to a man without identifying the girl for the husband or to the witnesses. The husband assigns a mahr (dower) for her. At the time for him to meet the girl he is informed that it is the oldest girl. He then says to the father, ‘I

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَوْلُ شُعَيْبٍ ع‌ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هاتَيْنِ عَلى‌ أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمانِيَ حِجَجٍ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْراً فَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ‌[1] أَيَّ الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَى قَالَ الْوَفَاءُ مِنْهُمَا أَبْعَدُهُمَا عَشْرُ سِنِينَ قُلْتُ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْقَضِيَ الشَّرْطُ أَوْ بَعْدَ انْقِضَائِهِ قَالَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْقَضِيَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَالرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْ

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the meaning of the words of Shu‘ayb, ‘(Shu‘ayb) said to (Moses), “I want to give one of my daughters to you in marriage on the condition that you will work for me for eight years, but you may continue for two more years only out of your own accord’” (28:27) and that which one o

لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ ثُمَّ فَجَرَ بِأُمِّهَا أَوِ ابْنَتِهَا أَوْ أُخْتِهَا لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ إِنَّ الْحَرَامَ لَا يُفْسِدُ الْحَلَالَ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man who went to bed with a woman out of wedlock; if he could marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, however, if a woman is his wife and he goes to bed with her mother or her daughter or sister, his wife does not

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاشَرَ امْرَأَةً وَ قَبَّلَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُفْضِ إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَفْضَى إِلَى الْأُمِّ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا فَلَا يَتَزَوَّجِ ابْنَتَهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who associates with a woman and kisses her but does not go to bed with her; if he can marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not gone to bed with the mother, it is not unlawful to marry her but if he has gone to bed with h

لَا إِنَّهُ لَا يُحَرِّمُ الْحَلَالَ الْحَرَامُ.

“About the case of a man who marries a girl then goes to bed with her, then due to wickedness goes to bed with her mother; if she becomes unlawful for him, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘His wife does not become unlawful for him.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Unlawful never makes a lawful thing unlawful.’”

فِي رَجُلٍ زَنَى بِأُمِّ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ بِابْنَتِهَا أَوْ بِأُخْتِهَا فَقَالَ لَا يُحَرِّمُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا حَرَّمَ حَرَامٌ قَطُّ حَلَالًا.

“About the case of a man who goes to bed with his mother-in-law or his stepdaughter or her sister, abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘This does not make his wife unlawful for him.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Unlawful does not make a lawful thing unlawful.’”

إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قُبْلَةٍ أَوْ شِبْهِهَا فَلْيَتَزَوَّجِ ابْنَتَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ جِمَاعاً فَلَا يَتَزَوَّجِ ابْنَتَهَا وَ لْيَتَزَوَّجْهَا هِيَ إِنْ شَاءَ.

“About the case of a man and a woman who are involved in sinful activities; if he can marry her daughter, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If such activities are in the form of kissing or similar things he can marry her daughter; but if it is sexual intercourse then he must not marry her daughter, he can, however, mar

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَنَى بِأُمِّ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ بِأُخْتِهَا فَقَالَ لَا يُحَرِّمُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَهُ إِنَّ الْحَرَامَ لَا يُفْسِدُ الْحَلَالَ وَ لَا يُحَرِّمُهُ.

“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who goes to bed with the mother of his wife or her sister. He (the Imam) said, ‘This does not make his wife unlawful for him; unlawful does not destroy or make lawful ones unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ امْرَأَةٍ فُجُورٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قُبْلَةً أَوْ شِبْهَهَا فَلْيَتَزَوَّجِ ابْنَتَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ جِمَاعاً فَلَا يَتَزَوَّجِ ابْنَتَهَا وَ لْيَتَزَوَّجْهَا[1].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man and a woman who are involved in sinful acts. He (the Imam) said, Tf such activities are in the form of kissing or similar things he can marry her daughter; but if it is sexual intercourse then he must not marry her daughter, he can,

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَوِ ابْنَتَهَا قَالَ لَا. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who had committed sinful acts with a woman if he could marry her breastfeeding mother or daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mah

إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَ لِي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَسْأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ تَقُولَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً قَدْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُلَاعِبُ أُمَّهَا وَ يُقَبِّلُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا قَالَ‌ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لِي كَذَبَ مُرْهُ فَلْيُفَارِقْهَا قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ مِنْ سَفَرِي فَأَخْبَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ بِ

“A certain person of our people married a woman and said to me, ‘I like if you ask abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man from our people who has married a woman and thinks that he may have played with her mother like kissing without sexual intercourse.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.

سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا جَالِسٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَالَ مِنْ خَالَتِهِ فِي شَبَابِهِ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَعَ أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ لَا قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا إِنَّمَا كَانَ شَيْ‌ءٌ دُونَ شَيْ‌ءٍ فَقَالَ لَا يُصَدَّقُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ[1].

“Once, a man asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was sitting, about the case of a man who when young was involved with his maternal aunt then refrained, if he could marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ He then asked, ‘What happens if there was no sexual intercourse, but it was something near t

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَامَسَهَا قَالَ مَهْرُهَا وَاجِبٌ وَ هِيَ حَرَامٌ عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَ ابْنِهِ‌[3].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and has touched her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her mahr (dower) is obligatory and she becomes unlawful for marriage to his father and his son.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ فَيُقَبِّلُهَا هَلْ تَحِلُّ لِوَلَدِهِ قَالَ بِشَهْوَةٍ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا تَرَكَ شَيْئاً إِذَا قَبَّلَهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْتِدَاءً مِنْهُ إِنْ جَرَّدَهَا وَ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ حَرُمَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَ ابْنِهِ قُلْتُ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى جَسَدِهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى فَرْجِهَا وَ جَسَدِهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ حَر

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a slave-girl and he kissed her; if she was lawful for his sons. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Was it with lust?’ I replied, ‘Yes, it was with lust.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He then has left nothing if he has kissed with lust.’ He (the Imam) then initiating said, ‘If h

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً وَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا فَأَمَرَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَمَا تَرَى فِيهِ فَقَالَ أَثِمَ الْغُلَامُ وَ أَثِمَتْ أُمُّهُ وَ لَا أَرَى لِلْأَبِ إِذَا قَرِبَهَا الِابْنُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ فَيَضَعُ أَبُوهُ يَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was with him (the Imam), about the case of a man who bought a slave-girl but did not touch her. His wife commanded his son, who was ten years old, to fall on her (for sexual intercourse) and he did it, now what do you say about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The boy has sinned a

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَمَسَهَا قَالَ هِيَ حَرَامٌ عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَ ابْنِهِ وَ مَهْرُهَا وَاجِبٌ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has married a woman and has touched her. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘She is unlawful to his father and her mahr (dower) is obligatory.’”

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ إِذَا زَنَى رَجُلٌ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ أَوْ جَارِيَةِ أَبِيهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يُحَرِّمُهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ الْجَارِيَةَ عَلَى سَيِّدِهَا إِنَّمَا يُحَرِّمُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ إِذَا أَتَى الْجَارِيَةَ وَ هِيَ حَلَالٌ فَلَا تَحِلُّ تِلْكَ الْجَارِيَةُ أَبَداً لِابْنِهِ وَ لَا لِأَبِيهِ وَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَةً تَزْوِيجاً حَلَالًا فَلَا تَحِلُّ تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِأَبِي

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man commits fornication with the woman of his father or his slave-girl, it does not make her unlawful to her husband or the slave-girl unlawful to her master. If he goes to bed with a slave-girl who is lawful thereafter she becomes unlawful forever to his son and father. If a man mar

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ أَمَرَتِ ابْنَهَا أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةٍ لِأَبِيهِ فَوَقَعَ فَقَالَ أَثِمَتْ وَ أَثِمَ ابْنُهَا وَ قَدْ سَأَلَنِي بَعْضُ هَؤُلَاءِ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ‌ أَمْسِكْهَا إِنَّ الْحَلَالَ لَا يُفْسِدُهُ الْحَرَامُ‌[1].

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, when he (the Imam) was asked about the case of a woman who commanded her son to fall on the slave-girl of his father and he did, ‘She has sinned and so has her son and certain ones of these people asked me about it and I said, “You can keep her because unlawful does not make

فِي الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ فَيَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا ابْنُ ابْنِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا الْجَدُّ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ يَزْنِي بِالْمَرْأَةِ فَهَلْ يَحِلُّ لِأَبِيهِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ‌[2] إِذَا تَزَوَّجَهَا الرَّجُلُ فَوَطِئَهَا ثُمَّ زَنَى بِهَا ابْنُهُ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ لِأَنَّ الْحَرَامَ لَا يُفْسِدُ الْحَلَالَ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْجَارِيَةُ.

“About the case of a man who has a slave-girl and his grandson falls on her (does sexual intercourse) before his grandfather or that a man commits fornication with a woman; if she is lawful for his father to marry, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘No, it is not permissible. Only if the man marries her and goes to bed with

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ وَ ذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسانَ بِوالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً[5] فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَحَدُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ مَنِ الْآخَرُ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع وَ نِسَاؤُهُ عَلَيْنَا حَرَامٌ وَ هِيَ لَنَا خَاصَّةً.

“I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, when this verse was mentioned, ‘We advised the man about his (two fathers) parents’, (29:7) ‘The Messenger of Allah is one of the (two fathers) parents.’ ‘Who is the other (father) parent?’ ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ajalan then asked. He (the Imam) replied ‘Ali (a.s.), is the other (

الْأُمُّ وَ الِابْنَةُ سَوَاءٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا يَعْنِي إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A mother and daughter are the same if one has not gone to bed with her, that is, if one marries a woman then divorces her before going to bed with her, in such case it is permissible to marry her mother or her daughter.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ مُتْعَةً أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who married a woman in manner of al-Mut‘ah; if it is permissible for him to marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَنَظَرَ إِلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ إِلَى بَعْضِ جَسَدِهَا أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ لَا إِذَا رَأَى مِنْهَا مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجُ ابْنَتَهَا.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who married a woman and looks at her head and a few places of her body; if he could marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so when he has seen what is unlawful for people other than him to lo

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ بِأُمِّهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَدْ فَعَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا فَلَمْ نَرَ بِهِ بَأْساً فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَفْخَرُ الشِّيعَةُ إِلَّا بِقَضَاءِ عَلِيٍّ ع فِي هَذِهِ الشَّمْخِيَّةِ الَّتِي أَفْتَاهَا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَتَ

“Once I was with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when a man came and asked about the case of a man who married a woman but she died before going to bed with her; if he could marry her mother. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘A man from us had done so, thus I do not see it as unlawful.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَكَثَ أَيَّاماً مَعَهَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُهَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى مِنْهَا مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَالَ أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ وَ قَدْ رَأَى مِنْ أُمِّهَا مَا قَدْ رَأَى‌[1].

“About the case of a man who marries a woman and lives with her for many days, unable to do anything except that he has seen from her what is unlawful for others to see; then he divorces her; if he can marry her daughter. He (the Imam) said, ’How can it be proper for him when he has seen of her mother what he has seen?

لَا تُزَوَّجُ ابْنَةُ الْأَخِ وَ لَا ابْنَةُ الْأُخْتِ عَلَى الْعَمَّةِ وَ لَا عَلَى الْخَالَةِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمَا وَ تُزَوَّجُ الْعَمَّةُ وَ الْخَالَةُ عَلَى ابْنَةِ الْأَخِ وَ ابْنَةِ الْأُخْتِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمَا[2].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not marry a daughter of a brother or daughter of a sister as a second wife, the first being her paternal or maternal aunt without their permission and you must not marry a paternal or maternal aunt as a second wife, the first being a daughter of her brother or a daughter of her s