Book of Marriage (nikah)

إِنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لِبَعْضِ الْحَاجَةِ فَقَالَ لَهَا لَعَلَّكِ مِنَ الْمُسَوِّفَاتِ فَقَالَتْ وَ مَا الْمُسَوِّفَاتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَرْأَةُ يَدْعُوهَا زَوْجُهَا لِبَعْضِ الْحَاجَةِ فَلَا تَزَالُ تُسَوِّفُهُ حَتَّى يَنْعُسَ‌ زَوْجُهَا فَيَنَامَ فَتِلْكَ لَا تَزَالُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَلْعَنُهَا حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ زَوْجُهَا[1].

A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) for some need, and he said to her: "Perhaps you are one of those who delay (their husbands)?" She asked: "And who are those who delay, O Messenger of Allah (swt)?" He (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "A w

رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَبْداً أَحْسَنَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ زَوْجَتِهِ-[2] فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ مَلَّكَهُ نَاصِيَتَهَا وَ جَعَلَهُ الْقَيِّمَ عَلَيْهَا[3]

خَيْرُكُمْ خَيْرُكُمْ لِنِسَائِهِ وَ أَنَا خَيْرُكُمْ لِنِسَائِي[4]

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا بَأْسَ بِالْعَزْلِ فِي سِتَّةِ وُجُوهٍ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي أَيْقَنَتْ أَنَّهَا لَا تَلِدُ وَ الْمُسِنَّةِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ السَّلِيطَةِ وَ الْبَذِيَّةِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي لَا تُرْضِعُ وَلَدَهَا وَ الْأَمَةِ[5].

I heard Abu al-Hasan (as) say: "There is no harm in practicing withdrawal (coitus interruptus) in six cases; the woman who is certain that she cannot conceive, the elderly woman, the ill-mannered woman, the obscene woman, the woman who does not nurse her child, and the bondwoman."

كَانَ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ ع غَيُوراً وَ أَنَا أَغْيَرُ مِنْهُ وَ أَرْغَمَ اللَّهُ أَنْفَ مَنْ لَا يَغَارُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ[1]

قَالَ ع‌[2] إِنَّ الْغَيْرَةَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ.

Hadith.4541 - Imam (as) said: "Indeed, protective jealousy (ghayrah) is part of faith."

قَالَ ع‌ إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَتُوجَدُ رِيحُهَا مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ لَا يَجِدُهَا عَاقٌّ وَ لَا دَيُّوثٌ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا الدَّيُّوثُ قَالَ الَّذِي تَزْنِي امْرَأَتُهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ بِهَا.

Hadith.4542 - He (sw) said: "Indeed, the fragrance of Paradise can be perceived from a distance of five hundred years, but one who is disobedient to his parents and a cuckold (dayyuth) will not perceive it." It was asked: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), who is the dayyuth?" He (peace and blessings be upon him and his fami

قَالَ لِي‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَجْعَلِ الْغَيْرَةَ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ الْغَيْرَةَ لِلرِّجَالِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ أَحَلَّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَرْبَعَ حَرَائِرَ وَ مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُهُ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْمَرْأَةِ إِلَّا زَوْجَهَا وَحْدَهُ فَإِنْ بَغَتْ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا غَيْرَهُ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ زَانِيَةً وَ إِنَّمَا تَغَارُ الْمُنْكِرَاتُ مِنْهُنَّ فَأَم

Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, has not ordained jealousy (ghayrah) for women, but He (swt) has ordained jealousy for men, because Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic, has permitted a man to marry four free women and what his right hand possesses, whereas He (swt) has made lawful for a woman only her husband. So if a wo

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِامْرَأَةٍ سَأَلَتْهُ أَنَّ لِي زَوْجاً وَ بِهِ عَلَيَّ غِلْظَةٌ وَ إِنِّي صَنَعْتُ شَيْئاً لِأُعَطِّفَهُ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُفٍّ لَكِ كَدَّرْتِ الْبِحَارَ وَ كَدَّرْتِ الطِّينَ وَ لَعَنَتْكِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْأَخْيَارُ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ قَالَ فَصَامَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ نَهَارَهَا وَ قَامَتْ لَيْلَهَا وَ حَلَقَتْ رَأْسَهَا وَ لَبِسَتِ الْمُسُوحَ‌[1] فَ

A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: "I have a husband who is harsh with me, and I made something (a charm or spell) to make him more affectionate toward me." The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to her: "Wo

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَشْتَرِي الْجَارِيَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَأْمُونِ فَيُخْبِرُنِي أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا مُنْذُ طَمِثَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَ طَهُرَتْ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِجَائِزٍ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهَا حَتَّى تَسْتَبْرِئَهَا بِحَيْضَةٍ وَ لَكِنْ يَجُوزُ لَكَ مَا دُونَ الْفَرْجِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ الْإِمَاءَ ثُمَّ يَأْتُونَهُنَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَبْرِءُوهُنَّ فَأُولَئِكَ‌ الزُّنَاةُ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as): "I purchase a bondwoman from a trustworthy man who informs me that he has not touched her since she menstruated and then purified herself. Is it permissible for me to have relations with her?" Imam (as) said: "It is not permissible for you to have relations with her until she undergoes one me

إِذَا اشْتَرَى الرَّجُلُ جَارِيَةً وَ هِيَ لَمْ تُدْرِكْ أَوْ قَدْ يَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ لَا يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا[2]

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَاحِبُهَا يَطَؤُهَا أَ يَسْتَبْرِئُ رَحِمَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ- قُلْتُ جَارِيَةٌ لَمْ تَحِضْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِهَا قَالَ أَمْرُهَا شَدِيدٌ[3] فَإِنْ أَتَاهَا فَلَا يُنْزِلْ حَتَّى يَسْتَبِينَ لَهُ أَنَّهَا حُبْلَى أَوْ لَا[4] قُلْتُ لَهُ فِي كَمْ يَسْتَبِينُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي خَمْسٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً[5].

I asked him about a man who purchased a bondwoman and her previous owner had not had relations with her. Should he still observe an istibra' (waiting period) for her womb? Imam (as) said: "Yes." I asked: "What about a bondwoman who has not yet menstruated? What should he do with her?" Imam (as) said: "Her matter is mor

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ عَبْدُهُ امْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوْلَاهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِمَوْلَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُمَا فَإِنْ فَعَلَ وَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ مَا أَصْدَقَهَا[1] إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ اعْتَدَى فَأَصْدَقَهَا صَدَاقاً كَثِيراً فَإِنْ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُ فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الْأَوّ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man whose slave married a woman without his permission and then consummated the marriage. Later, the master found out about it. Imam (as) said: "It is up to the master - if he wishes, he can separate them, and if he wishes, he can approve their marriage. If

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي كُنْتُ رَجُلًا مَمْلُوكاً فَتَزَوَّجْتُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيَّ ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَنِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَأُجَدِّدُ النِّكَاحَ فَقَالَ كَانُوا عَلِمُوا أَنَّكَ تَزَوَّجْتَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَدْ عَلِمُوا وَ سَكَتُوا وَ لَمْ يَقُولُوا لِي شَيْئاً فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ إِقْرَارٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْتَ عَلَى نِكَاحِكَ‌[3].

Hadith.4549 - Aban ibn Uthman narrated that a man named Ibn Ziyad al-Ta'i said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "I was a slave and got married without the permission of my masters. Then Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, granted me freedom. Should I renew the marriage contract?" Imam (as) said: "Were they aware that yo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً حَامِلًا قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا فَوَطِئَهَا قَالَ بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ‌[4] فَقُلْتُ مَا تَقُولُ فِيهَا قَالَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا أَمْ لَا قُلْتُ أَجِبْنِي فِي الْوَجْهَيْنِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعُدْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَعْزِلْ عَنْهَا فَلَا يَبِيعُ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يُوَرِّثُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْتِقُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ شَ

I asked Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who purchased a pregnant slave whose pregnancy was evident and had relations with her. Imam (as) said: "What he did was a reprehensible act." I said: "What is your ruling in this matter?" Imam (as) said: "Did he practice withdrawal (coitus interruptus) or not?" I said: "Please expl

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ أُخْتَانِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَوَطِئَ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ إِذَا وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى تَمُوتَ الْأُخْرَى‌[2] قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ بَاعَهَا أَ تَحِلُّ لَهُ الْأُولَى قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَاعَهَا لِحَاجَةٍ وَ لَا يَخْطُرُ عَلَى بَالِهِ مِنَ الْأُخْرَى شَيْ‌ءٌ فَلَا أَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْساً وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبِيعُهَا لِيَرْجِعَ إِ

I asked him about a man who owned two slave sisters and had relations with one of them, then later had relations with the other. Imam (as) said: "If he has relations with the second one, then the first becomes prohibited for him until the second one dies." I said: "What if he sells the second one? Does the first then b

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْأُخْتَيْنِ فَيَطَأُ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ يَطَأُ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ إِذَا وَطِئَ الْأُخْرَى بِجَهَالَةٍ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْأُولَى فَإِنْ وَطِئَ الْأَخِيرَةَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ حَرُمَتَا عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً[3].

Hadith.4552 - In a narration from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), he said: I asked him about a man who purchases two sisters and has relations with one of them, then has relations with the other. Imam (as) said: "If he had relations with the second one out of ignorance, the first does not become

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ كَيْفَ يُنْكِحُ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ قَالَ يُجْزِيهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُكَ فُلَانَةَ وَ يُعْطِيهَا مَا شَاءَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ أَوْ مِنْ قِبَلِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ‌[1] أَوْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ فَيَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ جَارِيَةً أَوْ جَوَارِيَ يَطَؤُهُنَّ.

I asked him how a man can marry his slave to his bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "It is sufficient for him to say, 'I have married you to so-and-so,' and to give her whatever he wishes, either from himself or from her master. There must be something given, whether it be food, a dirham, or something similar. There is also no

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَمَةٌ فَزَوَّجَاهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ اشْتَرَى بَعْضَ السَّهْمَيْنِ قَالَ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِاشْتِرَائِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بَيْعَهَا طَلَاقُهَا[1] إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا جَمِيعاً.

I asked him about two men who jointly owned a bondwoman and married her to another man. Then, one of the two owners purchased the other's share. Imam (as) said: "She becomes prohibited for him by his purchase of her, because buying her is equivalent to divorcing her, unless he purchases her completely."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ زَوَّجَتْ نَفْسَهَا عَبْداً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ فَقَدْ أَبَاحَتْ فَرْجَهَا[2] وَ لَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا.

Hadith.4555 - Ismail ibn Abi Ziyad narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers (peace be upon them) that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Any free woman who marries herself to a slave w

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً مُدْرِكَةً وَ لَمْ تَحِضْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى مَضَى لَهَا سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ لَيْسَ بِهَا حَبَلٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مِثْلُهَا تَحِيضُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كِبَرٍ فَهَذَا عَيْبٌ تُرَدُّ مِنْهُ‌[3].

I asked him about a man who purchased a mature bondwoman who had not menstruated while with him for six months, and there was no sign of pregnancy. Imam (as) said: "If it is customary for someone like her to menstruate, and her condition is not due to old age, then this is a defect for which she can be returned."

سَمِعْتُهُ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً ثُمَّ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَبْرِئَ رَحِمَهَا قَالَ بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعُودُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ بَاعَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَبْرِئْ رَحِمَهَا ثُمَّ بَاعَهَا الثَّانِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَبْرِئْ رَحِمَهَا- فَاسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا عِنْدَ الثَّالِثِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ ا

I heard him being asked about a man who purchased a bondwoman and had relations with her before observing an istibra' (waiting period) to ensure she was not pregnant. Imam (as) said: "What he did was wrong. He should seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) and not repeat it." Then it was said: "What if he sold her to another

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع‌ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَنْكِحُ أَوْ يُنْكِحُ‌[3] فَالْإِثْمُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ بَغَيْنَ.

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Whoever acquires more bondwomen than he can marry or give in marriage, then the sin is upon him if they commit immorality."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ عَشْرٌ لَا تَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْأُمِّ وَ الِابْنَةِ وَ لَا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ وَ لَا أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ مِنْ غَيْرِكَ حَتَّى تَضَعَ‌[5] وَ لَا أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ عَمَّتُكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لَا أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ خَالَتُكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لَا أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ أُخْتُكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لَا أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِيكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ[6] وَ لَا

Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Ten categories of bondwomen are prohibited: You may not combine between a mother and her daughter. You may not combine between two sisters. You may not take your bondwoman if she is pregnant by another until she delivers. You may not take your bondwoman if she is your paternal aunt through brea

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَتَزَوَّجُ الرَّجُلُ الْأَمَةَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِ أَهْلِهَا قَالَ هُوَ زِنًى إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ يَقُولُ- فَانْكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَ‌.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as): "Can a man marry a bondwoman without the knowledge of her owners?" Imam (as) said: "That is considered fornication. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'Then marry them with the permission of their owners' (Surah An-Nisa, 4:25)."

فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ وَالِدِهِ شَيْئاً وَ يَأْخُذُ الْوَالِدُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ[1] وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ ابْنِهِ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الِابْنُ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا.

In the book of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), it is written: "A child cannot take anything from the wealth of his father, but a father may take whatever he wishes from the wealth of his child. Additionally, a father is permitted to have relations with the bondwoman of his son, provided that the son has not had relations

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ ابْنَتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهَا[2].

Hadith.4562 - And in another narration: "It is not permissible for a man to have relations with the bondwoman of his daughter except with her permission."

مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ جِمَاعٌ أَوْ مُبَاشَرَةٌ كَالْجِمَاعِ فَلَا بَأْسَ‌[4].

Hadith.4563 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj and Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owns a bondwoman-does she become permissible for his son? Imam (as) said: "As long as there has been no intercourse or intimate contact similar to intercourse, then there is no harm."

قَالَ ع‌ كَانَ لِأَبِي ع جَارِيَتَانِ تَقُومَانِ عَلَيْهِ فَوَهَبَ لِي إِحْدَاهُمَا.

Hadith.4564 - Imam (as) said: "My father (as) had two bondwomans who served him, and he gifted one of them to me."

حُرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ إِمَاءٍ[5].

Hadith.4565 - Imam (as) was asked about what is permissible for a male slave in terms of women. Imam (as) said: "Two free women or four bondwomen."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَبَاعَهَا فَأُعْتِقَتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ ابْنَةً هَلْ تَصْلُحُ ابْنَتُهَا لِمَوْلَاهَا الْأَوَّلِ قَالَ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ‌[6].

I asked him about a man who had a bondwoman with whom he had relations. He then sold her, and she was later freed and married, giving birth to a daughter. Is her daughter permissible for her former master? Imam (as) said: "She is forbidden to him."

قَالَ: فِي جَارِيَةٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَأَسْقَطَتْ سِقْطاً مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ هِيَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ[1].

Hadith.4567 - Imam (as) said regarding a bondwoman who belonged to a man and with whom he had relations, and she miscarried his child after three months: "She is considered Umm Walad (the mother of his child)."

قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْداً عَلَى أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ عَلِمَتْ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ هِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَقَرَّتْ بِهِ وَ أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ لَمْ تُقِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْعَبْدُ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ

Hadith.4568 - I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a free woman who married a man thinking he was free, but later discovered that he was a slave. Imam (as) said: "She has authority over herself. After learning the truth, if she wishes, she may stay with him and accept him, or if she wishes, she m

إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَوْفَاهَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَهْرِ حَتَّى بَاعَهَا فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا لِغَيْرِهِ‌[4] وَ إِذَا بَاعَهَا السَّيِّدُ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الْحُرِّ إِذَا كَانَ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ[5]. وَ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ بَيْعَ‌ الْأَمَةِ طَلَاقُهَا[1].

Hadith.4569 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sadan ibn Muslim, from Abu Basir, from one of the Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who married his bondwoman to a free man for a dowry of four hundred dirhams. He paid two hundred dirhams in advance and delayed the payment of the remaining two hundred dirhams.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ لِرَجُلٍ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَى أَرْضاً فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ مِنْ رَهْطِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ وَ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْأَرْضِ فَأَوْلَدَهَا أَوْلَاداً وَ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ فِي يَدِهِ مَالًا وَ ضَيْعَةً وَ وَلَدَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ بَعْدُ أَتَى تِلْكَ الْأَرْضَ فَأَخَذَ الْعَبْدَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي يَدِهِ وَ أَذْعَنَ لَهُ ا

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a slave belonging to a man who fled and went to another land. There, he claimed to be a free man from a certain tribe and married a woman from that land, fathered children with her, and then she died, leaving behind wealth, property, and her children in his ca

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَذِنَ لِغُلَامِهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ أَبَقَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ الْعَبْدِ تَطْلُبُ نَفَقَتَهَا مِنْ مَوْلَى الْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَى مَوْلَى الْعَبْدِ نَفَقَةٌ وَ قَدْ بَانَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا مِنْهُ لِأَنَّ إِبَاقَ الْعَبْدِ طَلَاقُ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ هُوَ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَو

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who permitted his slave to marry a free woman. The slave then fled from his master, and the wife of the slave came seeking maintenance from the master of the slave. Imam (as) said: "She has no right to maintenance from the master of the slave, and her marriage bond with the slave i

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَمْكَنَتْ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا عَبْداً لَهَا فَنَكَحَهَا أَنْ تُضْرَبَ مِائَةً وَ يُضْرَبَ الْعَبْدُ خَمْسِينَ جَلْدَةً[3] وَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ بِصُغْرٍ مِنْهَا[4] وَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ‌ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا عَبْداً مُدْرِكاً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.

"Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled in the case of a woman who allowed her slave to have relations with her and married him: She is to be given one hundred lashes, and the slave is to be given fifty lashes. The slave is then to be sold in a manner that ensures he is distanced from her (bi-sughrin minha). It is forbid

لِلَّذِي لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا عَلِمَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ عَلَى نِكَاحِهِ.

Hadith.4573 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul-Aziz, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a slave jointly owned by two men - one of them married him off without the knowledge of the other. Later, the second owner found out about the marriage. Imam (as) said: "The one who was unaware and did n

يُعْطِيهَا سَيِّدُهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ نِصْفَ مَا فَرَضَ لَهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَيْنٍ اسْتَدَانَهُ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ‌[1].

Hadith.4574 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who married his slave to a free woman for a dowry of one hundred dirhams. Then, before the slave consummated the marriage with her, the master sold him. Imam (as) said: "The master must give her half of the agreed

ذَلِكَ لَهُ قَالَ فَإِنْ خَافَ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَمْزَحُ قَالَ فَإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا تَمْزَحُ فَلَا[2].

Hadith.4575 - Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Bazi asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about a woman who permitted her husband to have relations with her bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "That is permissible for him." He then asked: "What if he fears that she might be joking?" Imam (as) said: "If he knows that she is joking, then

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا رَوَى عَنْكَ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ إِذَا أَحَلَّ الرَّجُلُ لِأَخِيهِ الْمُؤْمِنِ فَرْجَ جَارِيَتِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ حَلَالٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَعَمْ يَا فُضَيْلُ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ نَفِيسَةٌ وَ هِيَ بِكْرٌ أَحَلَّ لِأَخٍ لَهُ مَا دُونَ الْفَرْجِ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْتَضَّهَا قَالَ لَا لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنْهَ

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "May I be your ransom! Some of our companions have narrated from you that you said if a man permits his believing brother to have relations with his bondwoman, then she is lawful for him." Imam (as) said: "Yes, O Fudayl." I asked: "What do you say about a man who has a precious bondwoman wh

هِيَ لَهُ حَلَالٌ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ هُوَ لِمَوْلَى الْجَارِيَةِ[3] إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ أَحَلَّهَا لَهُ أَنَّهَا إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ مِنِّي فَهُوَ حُرٌّ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ قُلْتُ فَيَمْلِكُ وَلَدَهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ اشْتَرَاهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ[4].

Hadith.4577 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Durays ibn Abdul-Malik, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a man who permits his brother to have relations with his bondwoman, and she goes out to fulfill his needs. Imam (as) said: "She is lawful for him." I asked: "What if she gives birth to a child

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع الرَّجُلُ يُحِلُّ لِأَخِيهِ جَارِيَتَهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ فَقَالَ لِيَضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدَهُ وَ لْيَرُدَّ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ جَارِيَتَهُ قُلْتُ لَهُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ وَ لَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ‌[6].

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who permits his brother to have relations with his bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I asked: "What if she gives birth to a child?" Imam (as) said: "Let him take his child and return the bondwoman to her owner." I said: "But what if he

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ دَبَّرَاهَا جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ أَحَدُهُمَا فَرْجَهَا لِشَرِيكِهِ قَالَ هِيَ حَلَالٌ لَهُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ صَارَ نِصْفُهَا حُرّاً مِنْ قِبَلِ الَّذِي مَاتَ وَ نِصْفُهَا مُدَبَّراً قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرَادَ الْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَثْبُتَ عِتْقُهَا وَ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِرِضاً م

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a bondwoman jointly owned by two men, who both designated her as mudabbar (set to be freed after their death). Then, one of them permitted his partner to have relations with her. Imam (as) said: "She is lawful for him. If either of them dies before the other,

الْوُلْدُ أَحْرَارٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُ وَالِدَيْهِ حُرّاً فَالْوَلَدُ حُرٌّ[1].

Hadith.4580 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a free man who marries a bondwoman belonging to a people. Are the children considered slaves or free? Imam (as) said: "The children are free." Then Imam (as) added: "If one of the parents is free, the child is free."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِأَمَةٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ قَالَ يَلْحَقُ الْوَلَدُ بِأَبِيهِ قُلْتُ فَعَبْدٌ تَزَوَّجَ حُرَّةً قَالَ يَلْحَقُ الْوَلَدُ بِأُمِّهِ.

Hadith.4581 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated that he asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who married a bondwoman, and she gave birth to a child. Imam (as) said: "The child is attributed to his father." I asked: "What about a slave who marries a free woman?" Imam (as) said: "The child is attributed to his mother."

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع النَّصْرَانِيُّ يَتَزَوَّجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ دَنّاً خَمْراً[3] وَ ثَلَاثِينَ خِنْزِيراً ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ يَنْظُرُ كَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ كَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخَمْرِ فَيُرْسِلُ بِهِ إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا وَ هُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الْأَوَّلِ‌[4].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a Christian man who married a Christian woman with a dowry of thirty jars of wine and thirty pigs. Later, they both embraced Islam, and he had not yet consummated the marriage with her. Imam (as) said: "He should assess the value of the pigs and the wine, and send that value to her. Afte

لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِكَرَّتِنَا وَ يَسْتَحِلَّ مُتْعَتَنَا[5]

الْمُتْعَةُ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِمَنْ عَرَفَهَا وَ هِيَ حَرَامٌ عَلَى مَنْ جَهِلَهَا

إِنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْمُتْعَةَ اَلْيَوْمَ لَيْسَتْ كَمَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ اَلْيَوْمِ إِنَّهُنَّ كُنَّ يُؤْمَنَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَالْيَوْمَ لاَ يُؤْمَنَّ فَاسْأَلُوا عَنْهُنَّ".

Hadith.4585 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Aban, from Abu Maryam, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who was asked about Mutah (temporary marriage). Imam (as) said: "Mutah today is not as it was before. In those days, women were trustworthy, but today they are not trustworthy, so inquire about them