Book of Marriage (nikah)

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى شُعُورِ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ تِهَامَةَ وَ الْأَعْرَابِ وَ أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي‌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَ الْعُلُوجِ لِأَنَّهُنَّ إِذَا نُهِينَ لَا يَنْتَهِينَ قَالَ وَ الْمَجْنُونَةُ الْمَغْلُوبَةُ لَا بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى شَعْرِهَا وَ جَسَدِهَا مَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ ذَلِكَ‌[1].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "There is no harm in looking at the hair of the women of Tihama, the Bedouins, the people of the desert from among the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimma), and non-Arab pagans (al-'uluj), because if they are forbidden, they do not comply." Imam (as) also said: "As for a madwoman who is ove

الْمَرْأَةُ تَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ وَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ‌[2].

Hadith.4637 - Ammar Al-Sabati asked Abu Abdullah (as) about how women should greet when they enter upon a group of people. Imam (as) replied: "A woman should say, 'Peace be upon you (ʿAlaykum al-Salam),' and a man should say, 'Peace be upon you all (Al-Salam ʿAlaykum).'"

إِذَا لَمْ يُرْفَعْ خَبَرُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِخَمْسَةِ أَصْوَاعٍ دَقِيقاً هَذَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا[3].

Hadith.4638 - Abu Basir narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who marries a woman while she has a husband. Imam (as) said: "If the matter is not brought to the attention of the Imam, he must give five sa' (measures) of flour in charity. This is after he separates from her."

يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةً وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُمَا[4] فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ لِلْأَخِيرِ وَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَهُوَ لِلْأَوَّلِ.

Hadith.4639 - In the narration of Jameel ibn Darraj regarding a woman who marries during her waiting period (iddah). Imam (as) said: "They must be separated, and she must observe one waiting period from either of them. If she gives birth to a child after six months or more, the child belongs to the latter husband. Howe

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أَنَا حُبْلَى أَوْ أَنَا أُخْتُكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَوْ عَلَى غَيْرِ عِدَّةٍ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَ وَاقَعَهَا فَلَا يُصَدِّقُهَا[5] وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَمْ يُوَاقِعْهَا فَلْيَحْتَطْ[6] وَ لْيَسْأَلْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَرَفَهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who married a woman, and she told him, "I am pregnant," or "I am your sister through breastfeeding," or "I am still in my waiting period (iddah)." Imam (as) said: "If he has already been intimate with her and consummated the marriage, he should not beli

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِأُمِّهِ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَتَزَوَّجُهَا فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ مِثْلُكِ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ هَذَا بِشَيْ‌ءٍ[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who said to his mother, "Any woman I marry is as forbidden to me as you are." Imam (as) replied: "This means nothing."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ بَعْدَ مَا أُهْدِيَتْ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَأَنْكَرَ وَلَدَهَا وَ زَعَمَتْ هِيَ أَنَّهَا حَبِلَتْ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ تَرَافَعَا إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ تَلَاعَنَا[2] وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married a woman, and after being brought to him, she gave birth to a girl in only four months. He denied that the child was his, while she claimed that she had conceived from him. Imam (as) said: "Her claim is not accepted. If they take the matter to the ruler, they must both e

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أَمَتَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا إِذَا مَاتَ الزَّوْجُ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ فَمَاتَ الزَّوْجُ فَقَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الزَّوْجُ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا[3] وَ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا صَارَتْ حُرَّةً بَعْدَ مَوْتِ الزَّوْجِ‌[4].

I asked Abu al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a man who married off his female slave to another man and then told her, "When your husband dies, you will be free." The husband then died. Imam (as) said: "When the husband dies, she becomes free and must observe the waiting period (iddah) of a free woman w

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ أُخِذَ[5] مَعَ امْرَأَةٍ فِي بَيْتٍ فَأَقَرَّتْ أَنَّهَا امْرَأَتُهُ وَ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَأَجَزْتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَضَرَبْتُهُ.

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "A man was found with a woman in a house, and she admitted that she was his wife, and he admitted that he was her husband." Imam (as) said: "There may be a man whom, if he were brought to me, I would approve of that for him, and there may be a man whom, if he were brought to me, I would hav

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُزَوِّجُ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ عَبْدَهُ أَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا كَانَتْ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ تَرَاهُ‌[1] مُنْكَشِفاً أَوْ يَرَاهَا عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ قَدْ مَنَعَنِي أَبِي ع أَنْ أُزَوِّجَ بَعْضَ غِلْمَانِي أَمَتِي لِذَلِكَ‌[2].

Hadith.4645 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj narrated: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who marries his male slave to his female slave. Should she continue to serve him as she used to, seeing him uncovered or him seeing her in that state? Imam (as) disliked that and said: "My father (as) prevented me from marrying on

هُمُ الْيَوْمَ أَهْلُ هُدْنَةٍ تُرَدُّ ضَالَّتُهُمْ وَ تُؤَدَّى أَمَانَتُهُمْ وَ تُحْقَنُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَ تَجُوزُ مُنَاكَحَتُهُمْ وَ مُوَارَثَتُهُمْ فِي هَذَا الْحَالِ.

Hadith.4646 - Al-Alaa ibn Razin asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the the general masses (Jumhur al-Nas). Imam (as) said: "They are today considered people of truce. Their lost property is to be returned to them, their trusts are to be fulfilled, their blood is to be protected, and marriage with them and inheritance from t

مِنْ سَعَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ لَا تَحِيضَ ابْنَتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ[4]

الشَّجَاعَةُ فِي أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ وَ الْبَاهُ فِي أَهْلِ بَرْبَرَ[5] وَ السَّخَاءُ وَ الْحَسَدُ فِي الْعَرَبِ فَتَخَيَّرُوا لِنُطَفِكُمْ.

"Bravery is found among the people of Khurasan, physical vigor among the people of Barbar, and generosity and envy among the Arabs. Therefore, choose carefully where you place your seed."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ مَا كَثُرَ شَعْرُ رَجُلٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا قَلَّتْ شَهْوَتُهُ.

Hadith.4649 - In the narration of Isma'il ibn Abi Ziyad from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "No man has ever had an abundance of hair without his desire becoming less."

سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ أَخِي مَاتَ وَ تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَجَاءَ عَمِّي وَ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ تَزَوَّجَهَا سِرّاً فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْكَرَتْ أَشَدَّ الْإِنْكَارِ وَ قَالَتْ مَا كَانَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَطُّ فَقَالَ يَلْزَمُكَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَ يَلْزَمُهُ إِنْكَارُهَا.

I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): "May I be sacrificed for you! My brother passed away, and I married his wife. Then my uncle came and claimed that he had secretly married her. I asked her about this, and she strongly denied it, saying, 'There was never anything between me and him at all.'" Imam (as) replied: "H

سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَنْكِحُ جَارِيَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ فِي حِلٍّ فَتَأْبَى فَيَقُولُ إِذاً لَأُطَلِّقَنَّكِ وَ يَجْتَنِبُ فِرَاشَهَا فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي حِلٍّ قَالَ هَذَا غَاصِبٌ فَأَيْنَ هُوَ عَنِ اللُّطْفِ‌[1].

Hadith.4651 - Salih ibn Uqbah narrated from Sulayman ibn Salih from Abu Abdullah (as) who was asked about a man who engages in intercourse with his wife's bondwoman and then asks his wife to pardon him, but she refuses. He then says: "If you do not pardon me, I will divorce you," and he avoids her bed until she pardons

لَا وَ لَكِنْ يُجَدِّدَانِ نِكَاحاً آخَرَ[2].

Hadith.4652 - Abu al-Abbas and Ubayd narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a woman who had a slave husband, then inherited him and freed him. They asked if they would remain in their marriage. Imam (as) said: "No, but they must renew their marriage contract."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى‌ نِسائِكُمْ‌ وَ الرَّفَثُ الْمُجَامَعَةُ.

Hadith.4653 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "It is recommended for a man to approach his wife on the first night of the month of Ramadan because of the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: 'It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights of fasting' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:18

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَ تَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ صَارَ مُهُورُ النِّسَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ إِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ كَانَتْ فِي الْحَبَشَةِ فَخَطَبَهَا النَّبِيُّ ص فَسَاقَ عَنْهُ النَّجَاشِيُّ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا الْأَصْلُ فَاثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشٌ‌[3].

Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Do you know why the dowries of women became four thousand dirhams?" I said: "No." Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Umm Habibah, the daughter of Abu Sufyan, was in Abyssinia when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) proposed to her. The Negus (the kin

فِي رِوَايَةِ السَّكُونِيِ‌ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع مَرَّ عَلَى بَهِيمَةٍ وَ فَحْلٍ يَسْفَدُهَا[4] عَلَى ظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ بِوَجْهِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ لِمَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَصْنَعُوا مَا يَصْنَعُونَ وَ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُنْكَرِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُوَارُوهُ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَ لَا امْرَأَةٌ.

Hadith.4655 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni, it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) passed by an animal and a stud mating in the middle of the road, and Imam (as) turned his face away. It was said to him: "Why did you do that, O Commander of the Faithful (as)?" Imam (as) replied: "It is not appropriate for yo

مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَرَفَعَ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ أَوْ غَمَّضَ بَصَرَهُ لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْهِ بَصَرُهُ حَتَّى يُزَوِّجَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ

فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْهِ طَرْفُهُ حَتَّى يُعْقِبَهُ اللَّهُ إِيمَاناً يَجِدُ طَعْمَهُ.

Hadith.4657 - And in another narration: "His gaze will not return to him until Allah (swt) grants him faith, the sweetness of which he will experience."

قَالَ ع‌ أَوَّلُ النَّظْرَةِ لَكَ وَ الثَّانِيَةُ عَلَيْكَ وَ لَا لَكَ وَ الثَّالِثَةُ فِيهَا الْهَلَاكُ.

Hadith.4658 - Imam (as) said: "The first glance is for you, the second is against you and not for you, and the third in it is destruction."

لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى شَعْرِ أُمِّهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ أَوِ ابْنَتِهِ.

Hadith.4659 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father (as), he said: "There is no harm for a man to look at the hair of his mother, his sister, or his daughter."

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع لِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ‌ قُلْ فِي طَلَبِ الْوَلَدِ رَبِّ لا تَذَرْنِي فَرْداً وَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْوارِثِينَ‌ وَ اجْعَلْ‌ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا يَرِثُنِي‌ فِي حَيَاتِي وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لِي بَعْدَ مَوْتِي وَ اجْعَلْهُ لِي خَلْقاً سَوِيّاً[1] وَ لَا تَجْعَلْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ فِيهِ نَصِيباً اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ سَبْعِينَ م

Hadith.4660 - Ali ibn Al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said to one of his companions: "When seeking a child, say: 'My Lord (azj), do not leave me alone [without offspring], and You (swt) are the best of inheritors' and add; 'Grant me from Yourself (swt) a successor who will inherit from me during my life and seek forgive

الرَّضَاعُ‌ وَاحِدٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ شَهْراً فَمَا نَقَصَ فَهُوَ جَوْرٌ عَلَى الصَّبِيِ‌[1].

Hadith.4661 - It was narrated from Sama'ah ibn Mihran that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Breastfeeding is for twenty-one months, and anything less than that is an injustice to the child."

عَامَيْنِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى سَنَتَيْنِ هَلْ عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ لَا.

Hadith.4662 - Sa'd ibn Sa'd asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about whether a child can be breastfed for more than two years. Imam (as) replied: "Two years." I asked: "If it exceeds two years, is there any obligation upon the parents because of that?" Imam (as) said: "No."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ مَا مِنْ لَبَنٍ يُرْضَعُ بِهِ الصَّبِيُّ أَعْظَمَ بَرَكَةً عَلَيْهِ مِنْ لَبَنِ أُمِّهِ‌[2].

Hadith.4663 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "There is no milk with greater blessing for a child to be nursed with than the milk of his mother."

وَ نَظَرَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِلَى أُمِّ إِسْحَاقَ بِنْتِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَ هِيَ تُرْضِعُ أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهَا مُحَمَّداً أَوْ إِسْحَاقَ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ إِسْحَاقَ لَا تُرْضِعِيهِ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ أَرْضِعِيهِ مِنْ كِلَيْهِمَا يَكُونُ أَحَدُهُمَا طَعَاماً وَ الْآخَرُ شَرَاباً[3].

Hadith.4664 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) looked at Umm Ishaq bint Sulayman while she was breastfeeding one of her two sons, either Muhammad or Ishaq, and Imam (as) said: "O Umm Ishaq, do not nurse him from only one breast; rather, nurse him from both. One will serve as food and the other as drink."

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فَسِّرْهُ لِي فَقَالَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلِهَا وَلَدَ امْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ جَارِيَةٍ أَوْ غُلَامٍ فَذَلِكَ الرَّضَاعُ الَّذِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ مِنْ لَبَنِ فَحْلَيْنِ كَانَا لَهَا وَاحِداً بَعْدَ آخَرَ مِنْ جَارِيَةٍ أَوْ غُلَامٍ فَإِنَّ ذَلِ

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "What is the meaning of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) - 'What is unlawful through lineage is also unlawful through breastfeeding'? Explain it to me." Imam (as) replied: "Every woman who nurses, with the

وَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "لاَ رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ".

Hadith.4666 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "There is no breastfeeding after weaning."

الرَّضَاعُ بَعْدَ حَوْلَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطَمَ يُحَرِّمُ‌[3].

"Breastfeeding within two years, before the child is weaned, establishes prohibition."

كَتَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ امْرَأَةٌ أَرْضَعَتْ بَعْضَ وُلْدِي هَلْ يَجُوزُ لِي أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ بَعْضَ وُلْدِهَا فَكَتَبَ لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ وُلْدَهَا قَدْ صَارَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وُلْدِكَ‌[4].

Ali ibn Shu'ayb wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as) asking: "A woman breastfed one of my children. Is it permissible for me to marry one of her children?" Imam (as) wrote in response, "That is not permissible because her children have become like your own children."

كَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع‌ فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَ الرَّجُلِ أَ يَحِلُّ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ هَذِهِ الْمُرْضِعَةِ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ‌[5].

Hadith.4669 - Abdullah ibn Ja'far al-Himyari wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as) asking about a woman who breastfed a man's child. He asked: "Is it permissible for that man to marry the daughter of this wet nurse or not?" Imam (as) responded, "It is not permissible for him."

لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ جَارِيَةً رَضِيعَةً فَأَرْضَعَتْهَا امْرَأَتُهُ فَسَدَ النِّكَاحُ‌[6].

"If a man marries a young girl (jariyah) who is still nursing, and his wife then breastfeeds her, the marriage becomes invalid."

لَا هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأُخْتِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ لِأَنَّ اللَّبَنَ لِفَحْلٍ وَاحِدٍ[1].

Hadith.4671 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who marries a woman, and she gives birth to his child. Then she breastfeeds a bondwoman with her milk. Imam (as) was asked: "Is it permissible for his child from another woman to marry that bondwoman whom she breast

لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مَجْبُوراً قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْمَجْبُورُ قَالَ أُمٌّ تُرَبِّي أَوْ ظِئْرٌ تُسْتَأْجَرُ أَوْ أَمَةٌ تُشْتَرَى‌[2].

"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when it is continuous and intentional." I asked: "What is meant by continuous and intentional?" Imam (as) replied: "It is when a mother raises the child, a wet nurse is hired, or a bondwoman is purchased for breastfeeding."

لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا ارْتَضَعَ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ سَنَةً[3].

"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when a child nurses from one breast for a full year."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ فَقَالَ لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا ارْتَضَعَ مِنْ ثَدْيٍ وَاحِدٍ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ.

I asked him about breastfeeding, and Imam (as) said: "Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when a child nurses from one breast for two complete years."

لَا

"Breastfeeding does not create a prohibition except when it is for two complete years."

فِي رِوَايَةِ السَّكُونِيِّ قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ‌ انْهَوْا نِسَاءَكُمْ أَنْ يُرْضِعْنَ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَنْسَيْنَ‌[2].

Hadith.4676 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni, it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say, "Prevent your women from breastfeeding here and there (to various children), for they may forget."

عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْوُضَّاءِ[3] مِنَ الظُّئُورَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُعْدِي.

"Choose healthy wet nurses, for milk can transmit illness."

لَا تَصْلُحُ وَ لَا لَبَنُ ابْنَتِهَا الَّتِي وُلِدَتْ مِنَ الزِّنَا[4].

Hadith.4678 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a woman who committed adultery - whether she is suitable to be taken as a wet nurse. He (as) replied: "She is not suitable, nor is the milk of her daughter who was born from adultery."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا تَسْتَرْضِعُوا الْحَمْقَاءَ فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُعْدِي وَ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ يَنْزِعُ إِلَى اللَّبَنِ يَعْنِي إِلَى الظِّئْرِ فِي الرُّعُونَةِ وَ الْحُمْقِ‌[5].

Hadith.4679 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Do not choose a foolish woman as a wet nurse, for milk can transmit traits. A child is influenced by the milk, meaning by the we

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ وَلَدَهُ إِلَى ظِئْرٍ يَهُودِيَّةٍ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ أَوْ مَجُوسِيَّةٍ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي بَيْتِهَا أَوْ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ قَالَ تُرْضِعُهُ لَكَ الْيَهُودِيَّةُ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ وَ تَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ مِثْلَ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ لَا يَذْهَبْنَ بِوَلَدِكَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَ الزَّانِيَةُ لَا تُرْضِعُ وَلَدَكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ وَ الْمَ

I asked him about a man who gives his child to a Jewish, Christian, or Magian (Zoroastrian) wet nurse to breastfeed him either in her house or in his house. Imam (as) said: "A Jewish or Christian woman may breastfeed your child, but you must prevent her from drinking alcohol and consuming what is unlawful, such as pork

لَبَنُ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَ الْمَجُوسِيَّةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ لَبَنِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا[2] وَ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْساً بِلَبَنِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا إِذَا جَعَلَ مَوْلَى الْجَارِيَةِ الَّذِي فَجَرَ بِالْجَارِيَةِ فِي حِلٍ‌[3].

"The milk of a Jewish, Christian, or Magian woman is more beloved to me than the milk of a child born from adultery. However, he saw no harm in the milk of a child born from adultery if the master of the bondwoman, with whom the immoral act was committed, pardons it."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دَرَّ لَبَنُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ وِلَادَةٍ فَأَرْضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً وَ غُلَاماً بِذَلِكَ اللَّبَنِ هَلْ يَحْرُمُ بِذَلِكَ اللَّبَنِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ قَالَ لَا[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a woman whose milk flowed without childbirth, and she breastfed a girl and a boy with that milk. Does this milk create the same prohibitions as regular breastfeeding? Imam (as) replied: "No."

وَجُورُ الصَّبِيِّ اللَّبَنَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّضَاعِ[5]

وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لاَ تُجْبَرُ اَلْحُرَّةُ عَلَى إِرْضَاعِ اَلْوَلَدِ وَ تُجْبَرُ أُمُّ اَلْوَلَدِ".

Hadith.4684 - Imam Abu Abdullah (as) said: "A free woman cannot be forced to breastfeed a child, but a but a bondwoman (umm al-walad) can be compelled to do so."

وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ صَبِيّاً وَ اسْتُرْضِعَ لَهُ أَنَّ أَجْرَ رَضَاعِ الصَّبِيِّ مِمَّا يَرِثُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ‌[3].

Hadith.4685 - The Commander of the Faithful (as), ruled regarding a man who passed away and left behind a child who needed to be breastfed: "The payment for the child's breastfeeding should be taken from what the child inherits from his father and mother."