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وَ مَعَ قَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: " اَلْإِسْلاَمُ يَعْلُو وَ لاَ يُعْلَى عَلَيْهِ".

Hadith.5719 - With the statement of the Him (as), peace be upon him and his family: "Islam prevails and is not prevailed over."

مُعَاذٌ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ- الْإِسْلَامُ يَزِيدُ وَ لَا يَنْقُصُ فَوَرَّثَ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ الْيَهُودِيِّ.

Hadith.5720 - It was narrated from Abu Al-Aswad Al-Duʾali that Muadh ibn Jabal was in Yemen when people gathered around him and said: "A Jewish man has died and left behind a Muslim brother." Muadh said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) say: 'Islam increases and does not diminish

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَزِدْنَا بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا عِزّاً فَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا[1].

Hadith.5721 - Muhammad ibn Sinan narrated from Abdur Rahman ibn Aʿyan from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a Christian man who dies leaving behind a Muslim son. Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has only increased us in honor through Islam. Therefore, we inherit from

نَعَمْ فَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُ فَلَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمَ.

I asked Imam (as) whether a Muslim can inherit from a polytheist. Imam (as) replied: "Yes, but a polytheist does not inherit from a Muslim."

وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ‌[2] عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ‌[3] نَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَزِدْنَا- بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا عِزّاً.

"People of two different religions do not inherit from one another. We inherit from them, but they do not inherit from us. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has only increased us in honor through Islam."

وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ الْمُسْلِمُ يَحْجُبُ الْكَافِرَ وَ يَرِثُهُ وَ الْكَافِرُ لَا يَحْجُبُ الْمُؤْمِنَ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُ‌[1].

"A Muslim prevents a disbeliever from inheriting and inherits from him, but a disbeliever neither prevents a believer from inheriting nor does he inherit from him."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْمُسْلِمُ يَرِثُ امْرَأَتَهُ الذِّمِّيَّةَ وَ هِيَ لَا تَرِثُهُ.

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A Muslim man inherits from his dhimmi (non-Muslim under Islamic protection) wife, but she does not inherit from him."

وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ لَا يَرِثُ الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ وَ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَرِثَ الْكَافِرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُسْلِمُ قَدْ أَوْصَى لِلْكَافِرِ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ[2].

"A disbeliever does not inherit from a Muslim, but a Muslim may inherit from a disbeliever - unless the Muslim has made a will (wasiyyah) bequeathing something to the disbeliever."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَرِثُ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّ.

I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) say: "A Jew and a Christian do not inherit from Muslims, but Muslims inherit from Jews and Christians."

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ قَرَابَتُهُ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Muslim man who died and had a Christian mother, along with a Muslim wife and Muslim children. Imam (as) said: "If his mother accepts Islam before the inheritance is divided, she is given one-sixth." I asked: "What if he has no wife, no children, and no heir

أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ حَتَّى يُدْرِكُوا قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُنْفِقَانِ عَلَى الصِّغَارِ فَقَالَ يُخْرِجُ وَارِثُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ النَّفَقَةِ وَ يُخْرِجُ و

I asked Imam (as) about a Christian man who died, leaving behind a Muslim nephew (son of his brother) and a Muslim niece (daughter of his sister), while his own children and wife were Christians. Imam (as) said: "I see that the Muslim nephew should be given two-thirds of what he left behind, and the Muslim niece should

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ نَصْرَانِيٌّ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى اَلنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلنَّصَارَى " وَ مُسْلِمٌ تَنَصَّرَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a Christian man who accepted Islam and then reverted to Christianity and died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Christian children." I then asked about a Muslim who converted to Christianity and then died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Muslim children."

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرَّثُ‌[2].

Hadith.5731 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said that Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say regarding a free man who dies while his mother is a slave: "She should be purchased from the wealth of her son, then freed, and then she will inherit from him."

انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ ابْنَتَيْنِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَيْنِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمِيرَاثِ.

"A servant of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) passed away. Imam Ali (as) said: 'Look and see if he has any heirs.' It was said to Him (as): 'He has two daughters in Yamamah who are enslaved.' So, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) purchased them using the deceased's wealth and then gave them the remainder of the inheritance."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً مَمْلُوكاً قَالَ يُشْتَرَى ابْنُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ وَ يُوَرَّثُ مَا بَقِيَ.

I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is enslaved. Imam (as) said: "His son should be purchased from his wealth, then freed, and he will inherit whatever remains."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَ‌

Hadith.5734 - In the narration of Ibn Muskan from Sulayman ibn Khalid, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When a man died and had a slave woman as his wife, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would purchase her from his wealth, free her, and then grant her inheritance."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنِ ادَّعَى عَبْدَ إِنْسَانٍ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ‌[2] أَنَّهُ يُعْتَقُ مِنْ مَالِ الَّذِي ادَّعَاهُ‌[3] فَإِنْ تُوُفِّيَ الْمُدَّعِي وَ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ الْمَالُ وَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مَالُهُ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ

"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who claimed that a slave belonged to him and asserted that he was his son. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that the slave should be freed from the wealth of the one who made the claim. If the claimant died and his wealth was divided before the slave was freed,

لَا يَطَؤُهَا حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ قُلْتُ فَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ مَالًا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ- فَأُعْتِقَ وَ وُرِّثَ‌[1] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ مَالًا قَالَ فَهُوَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ كَهَيْأَتِهَا.

I asked him about a man who had a slave woman (umm walad) and her child from him died. He then married her to another man, and she bore him a child. Later, that man died, and she returned to her original master. I asked: "Does he have the right to be intimate with her before marrying her?" Imam (as) said: "He cannot be

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ الْعَبْدُ لَا يُوَرَّثُ وَ الطَّلِيقُ لَا يُوَرَّثُ‌[3].

Hadith.5737 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab who said that Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "A slave does not inherit, and a divorced person does not inherit."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَتَوَارَثُ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكُ‌[5].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A free person and a slave do not inherit from one another."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ وَ الْمَمْلُوكَةِ هَلْ يَحْجُبَانِ إِذَا لَمْ يَرِثَا قَالَ لَا[6].

I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a male and female slave - do they prevent others from inheriting if they themselves do not inherit? Imam (as) replied: "No."

لَهُ مُكَاتَبٌ اشْتَرَى نَفْسَهُ وَ خَلَّفَ مَالًا قِيمَتُهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ فَقَالَ يَرِثُهُ مَنْ يَلِي جَرِيرَتَهُ قُلْتُ وَ مَنِ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرِيرَتِهِ قَالَ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a mukatab (a slave who had entered into a contract for his freedom) who purchased his freedom and left behind wealth valued at one hundred thousand dirhams, with no heir to inherit from him. Imam (as) said: "The one who is responsible for his liability (jarirah) inherits from him." I ask

شَرْطُ اللَّهُ قَبْلَ شَرْطِكَ‌[2].

Hadith.5741 - In the narration of Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr from some of our companions from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "A man entered into a kitabah (contract of manumission) with his slave and stipulated that the slave's inheritance would belong to him. This matter was presented to the Commander

يُحْسَبُ مَالُهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ وَ بِقَدْرِ مَا لَمْ يُعْتَقْ يُحْسَبُ لِأَرْبَابِهِ الَّذِينَ كَاتَبُوهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ‌[3].

"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract for freedom) who died and had wealth. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: 'His wealth should be divided in proportion to what part of him had been freed for his heirs, and the portion that was not yet freed should be calculated for hi

وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ الْمُكَاتَبُ يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى‌[4].

"A mukatab (a slave under a contract for freedom) inherits and is inherited from according to the proportion of what he has paid off."

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَوَّاضٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ‌ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُكَاتَبُ فَيُؤَدِّي بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ‌[1] ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً وَ يَتْرُكُ مَالًا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ قَالَ يُوفَى مَوَالِيهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِوَلَدِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.5744 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated that Muhammad ibn Samaah reported from Abd Al-Hamid ibn Awad from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract for freedom) who had entered into a contract, paid part of it,

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ : "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ اَلْمَجُوسِيَّ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِأُمِّهِ وَ بِأُخْتِهِ وَ بِابْنَتِهِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا أُمُّهُ وَ مِنْ وَجْهِ أَنَّهَا زَوْجَتُهُ".

Hadith.5745 - In the narration of Al-Sakuni: " Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to grant inheritance to a Magian who married his mother, sister, or daughter from two aspects - one being that she was his mother, and the other that she was his wife."

إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَسَيْفُهُ وَ مُصْحَفُهُ وَ خَاتَمُهُ وَ كُتُبُهُ وَ رَحْلُهُ[1] وَ كِسْوَتُهُ لِأَكْبَرِ وُلْدِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَكْبَرُ ابْنَةً فَلِلْأَكْبَرِ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ[2].

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ الْمَيِّتُ إِذَا مَاتَ فَإِنَّ لِابْنِهِ الْأَكْبَرِ السَّيْفَ وَ الرَّحْلَ وَ الثِّيَابَ ثِيَابَ جِلْدِهِ‌[1].

"When a man dies, his eldest son inherits the sword, the saddle, and his personal clothing."

لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ فَأَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهِ‌[3] قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ وَ الرُّبُعُ‌[4] مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِيلٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ هَذَا هَكَذَا- لِئَلَّا تَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةُ ف

"I asked Imam (as) about women and what share they have in inheritance. Imam (as) said: 'They have the value of bricks, buildings, wood, and reeds, but as for land and properties, they have no inheritance in them.' I said: 'What about clothing?' Imam (as) said: 'Clothing is for them.' I said: 'How is this, while they h

وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ‌ عِلَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُ مِنَ الْعَقَارَاتِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا قِيمَةَ الطُّوبِ وَ النِّقْضِ‌[1] لِأَنَّ الْعَقَارَ لَا يُمْكِنُ تَغْيِيرُهُ وَ قَلْبُهُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَهُ مِنَ الْعِصْمَةِ وَ يَجُوزُ تَغْيِيرُهَا وَ تَبْدِيلُهَا وَ لَيْسَ الْوَلَدُ وَ الْوَالِدُ كَذَل

Hadith.5749 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason why a woman does not inherit anything from real estate except for the value of bricks and demolition materials is because real estate cannot be altered or transformed. A woman may experience a severance o

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَرِثْنَ اَلنِّسَاءُ مِنَ اَلْعَقَارِ شَيْئاً وَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ اَلْبِنَاءِ وَ اَلشَّجَرِ وَ اَلنَّخْلِ".

Hadith.5750 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Al-Ahwal from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), he said: "I heard Imam (as) say: 'Women do not inherit anything from real estate, but they are entitled to the value of buildings, trees, and palm trees.'"

"إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ اَلْخَشَبِ وَ اَلطُّوبِ لِئَلاَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَتُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ ".

"The woman was only given the value of wood and bricks so that she does not marry and bring into the family someone who would corrupt their inheritance."

وَ يُقَوَّمُ نِقْضُ الْأَجْذَاعِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ الْأَبْوَابِ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ.

Hadith.5752 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Riʾab and Khaṭṭab Abu Muhammad Al-Hamdani from Ṭirbal from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as), he said: "A woman does not inherit from what her husband leaves behind of villages, houses, weapons, or animals. However, she inherits from money, slaves, clothing,

يَرِثُهَا وَ تَرِثُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ تَرَكَ وَ تَرَكَتْ‌[1].

"I asked Imam (as) about a man - does he inherit his wife's house and land from the soil, or is he like the woman who does not inherit anything from that?" Imam (as) replied: "He inherits from her, and she inherits from him, from everything either of them leaves behind."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ فِي النِّسَاءِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ أُعْطِينَ مِنَ الرِّبَاعِ‌[2].

Hadith.5754 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhayna: "In the case of women, if they have a child, they are given from the inheritance of property."

وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ‌ عِلَّةُ إِعْطَاءِ النِّسَاءِ نِصْفَ مَا يُعْطَى الرِّجَالَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَخَذَتْ وَ الرَّجُلُ يُعْطِي فَلِذَلِكَ وُفِّرَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ. وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي إِعْطَاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَيْ مَا تُعْطَى الْأُنْثَى لِأَنَّ الْأُنْثَى فِي عِيَالِ الذَّكَرِ إِنِ احْتَاجَتْ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ

Hadith.5755 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason women are given half of what men receive from inheritance is because when a woman marries, she receives, whereas a man gives. Therefore, more has been allocated to men." Imam (as) continued: "Another reas

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ قَالَ لِمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهَا مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ.

Hadith.5756 - In the narration of Hamdan ibn Al-Husayn from Al-Husayn ibn Al-Walid from Ibn Bukayr from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'For what reason is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because Allah (swt) has allocated the dowry (ṣadaq) fo

-: لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ مَا بَالُ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلضَّعِيفَةِ لَهَا سَهْمٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلْقَوِيِّ اَلْمُوسِرِ سَهْمَانِ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عَاقِلَةٌ وَ لاَ عَلَيْهَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لاَ جِهَادٌ" وَ عَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ هَذَا "وَ هَذَا عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ فَلِذَلِكَ جُعِلَ لَهُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لَهَا سَ

Hadith.5757 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hisham that Ibn Abi Al-Awjaʾ said to Muhammad ibn Al-Nuʿman Al-Ahwal: "Why does the weak woman have one share while the strong and wealthy man has two shares?" He said: "I mentioned this to Abu Abdullah (as), and Imam (as) said: 'A woman has no obligation to pay blood money (Aq

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الْحَبَّاتِ الَّتِي أَكَلَهَا آدَمُ ع وَ حَوَّاءُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَانَتْ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ حَبَّةً أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنْهَا اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ حَبَّةً وَ أَكَلَتْ حَوَّاءُ سِتّاً فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌[2].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'Why is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because the grains that Adam (as) and Hawwaʾ ate in Paradise were eighteen grains. Adam ate twelve of them, and Hawwaʾ ate six. For this reason, the inheritance is for the male equal to the share of

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِلْوَارِثِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْناً أَوْ ضَيَاعاً فَإِلَيَّ وَ عَلَيَ‌[3].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) narrated that the Prophet of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to say: "I have a greater claim over every believer than his own self. Whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs, and whoever leaves behind debt or dependents in need, then it is upon me and

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلَا تَكْتُمُوا مَوْتَهُ أَهْلَهُ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ لِعِدَّةِ امْرَأَتِهِ تَعْتَدُّ وَ مِيرَاثُهُ يُقْسَمُ‌ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الْمَيِّتُ مِنْهُمْ فَيَذْهَبَ نَصِيبُهُ‌[1].

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) say: 'When a person dies during a journey, do not conceal his death from his family, for it is a trust concerning the waiting period (ʿiddah) of his wife so that she may observe it, and his inheritance can be distributed among his fa

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى آخَى بَيْنَ الْأَرْوَاحِ فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْأَجْسَادَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ[2] فَلَوْ قَدْ قَامَ قَائِمُنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَرَّثَ الْأَخَ الَّذِي آخَى بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ وَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثِ الْأَخَ فِي الْوِلَادَةِ

لَهُ‌ يَا عَلِيُّ أُوصِيكَ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا فَلَا تَزَالُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا حَفِظْتَ وَصِيَّتِي يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ كَظَمَ غَيْظاً وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى إِمْضَائِهِ أَعْقَبَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمْناً وَ إِيمَاناً يَجِدُ طَعْمَهُ يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ وَصِيَّتَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ كَانَ نَقْصاً فِي مُرُوءَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكِ‌ الشَّفَاعَةَ[1] يَا عَلِيُّ أَفْضَلُ الْجِهَادِ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ لَا يَهُم

الْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى‌[1].

Hadith.5763 - The Prophet (sw) said; "The upper hand is better than the lower hand."

مَا قَلَّ وَ كَفَى خَيْرٌ مِمَّا كَثُرَ وَ أَلْهَى.

Hadith.5764 - The Prophet (sw) said; "That which is little but sufficient is better than that which is abundant and distracts."

خَيْرُ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى.

رَأْسُ الْحِكْمَةِ مَخَافَةُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌[2].

Hadith.5766 - The Prophet (sw) said; "The foundation of wisdom is the fear of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."

خَيْرُ مَا أُلْقِيَ فِي الْقَلْبِ الْيَقِينُ‌[3].

Hadith.5767 - The Prophet (sw) said; "The best of things that can be placed in the heart is certainty.

الِارْتِيَابُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ.

Hadith.5768 - The Prophet (sw) said; "Doubt (in religion) is part of disbelief."