فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لَهُ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لَهَا.
Hadith.5613 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Aban ibn Uthman from Abu Basir who reported from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) regarding a woman who passed away and left behind her husband. Imam (as) said: "All the wealth belongs to him." I asked: "What if a man dies and leaves behind his wife?"
وَ قَرَأْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَبَاهُ لِلْبِنْتِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةً فَهُوَ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ سَهْماً فَلِلْأَبِ[5] وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ ابْناً وَ ابْنَةً أَوْ بَنِينَ وَ بَنَاتٍ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْبَنِينَ وَ الْبَنَاتِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ اب
Hadith.5614 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Umar ibn Udhayna from Muhammad ibn Muslim that Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) had him read the "Scroll of Inheritance Shares," which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and written by Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as
لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَعْيَانُ بَنِي الْأُمِّ أَحَقُّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْعَلَّاتِ[3]. فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنِ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِنَّ لِأَنَّهُنَّ أَقْرَبُ الْأَرْحَامِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ بِبَطْ
Hadith.5621 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The full siblings from the same mother are more entitled to inheritance than the paternal half-siblings." [AL SADUQ] If a person leaves behind full sisters (from the same father and mother), paternal sisters (from the same father only), a
لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ سَهْمٌ[3] فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ زَيْدٍ[1] وَ فَرَائِضَ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ تَعُولُ إِلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ لِمَ قَالُوا هَذَا فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلّ
Hadith.5623 - A man came to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and asked him about a woman who passed away, leaving behind her husband, maternal brothers, and a paternal sister. Imam (as) said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive two shares, and
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ فَقَالَ يُعْطَى الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ الْبَاقِيَ[2].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who passed away leaving only his maternal brother as an heir and no other inheritor. Imam (as) said: "The entire estate belongs to him." I then asked: "What if there is also a grandfather along with the maternal brother?" Imam (as) replied: "The maternal brother is given one-sixth,
الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ[4].
I asked Imam (as) about a paternal brother and a grandfather (in matters of inheritance). Imam (as) replied: "The inheritance is divided equally between them."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَخَوَيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ مِائَةً فَالْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ[3].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who died and left behind his full brother (from the same father and mother) and his grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided among them as if they were two brothers or even a hundred. The grandfather is considered as one of them; he receives a share equal to that of
الْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ.
I asked Imam (as) about a man who passed away and left behind brothers and sisters from both his father and mother, along with a grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The grandfather is considered as one of the brothers, and the inheritance is divided among them with the male receiving the share equal to that of two females."
الْمَالُ لِلْجَدِّ[2].
Hadith.5646 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Abu Ubaydah from Abu Jafar (as) who was asked about a paternal cousin and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (as) said: "The entire inheritance belongs to the grandfather."
لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ[3].
I asked Imam (as) about a paternal nephew and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided equally between them, half and half."
وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع أَعْطَى الْجَدَّةَ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ[1].
Hadith.5649 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Al-Nuʿman narrated from Abdullah ibn Numayr from Al-Aʿmash from Salim ibn Abi Al-Jaʿd that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) granted the entire inheritance to the grandmother.
فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ خَالَتَيْهِ وَ مَوَالِيَهُ قَالَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ الْمَالُ بَيْنَ الْخَالَتَيْنِ[3].
الْمَالُ لِأُخْتِهِ[5]. وَ مَتَى تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَنْ كَانَ ذَكَراً كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى ابْنَةَ أُخْتٍ أَوِ ابْنَةَ ابْنَةٍ أَوِ ابْنَةَ خَالٍ أَوِ ابْنَةَ خَالَةٍ أَوِ ابْنَةَ عَمٍّ أَوِ ابْنَةَ عَمَّةٍ أَوْ أَبْعَدَ مِنْهُمْ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ إِنْ سَفَلُوا وَ لَا يَرِثُ الْمَوَالِي مَعَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ شَيْئاً لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ ذَكَرَهُمْ وَ فَرَضَ لَهُمْ وَ أَ
Hadith.5653 - Ali ibn Yaqteen asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who dies and leaves behind his sister and his freed slaves. Imam (as) said: "The wealth belongs to his sister."
يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قُلْتُ إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا قَالَ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا قُلْتُ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَ الْآخَرُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ وَ كَانَا فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَغَرِقَا وَ لَمْ يُدْرَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ أَوَّلًا كَانَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِوَرَثَةِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِوَرَثَةِ الَّذِي لَهُ الْمَالُ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ
I asked Imam (as) about a house that collapsed on a group of people gathered together, and it was not known who among them died first. Imam (as) said: "They inherit from one another." I said: "Abu Hanifah has given a different ruling regarding this." Imam (as) asked: "And what did he say?" I replied: "He said that if t
لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي بَيْتٍ سَقَطَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ فَبَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا حُرٌّ وَ الْآخَرُ مَمْلُوكٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفِ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ لَكِنَّهُ يُقْرَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَمَنْ أَصَابَتْهُ الْقُرْعَةُ فَهُوَ الْح
Abu Hanifah entered upon Abu Abdullah (as), and Abu Abdullah (as) asked him: "What do you say about a house that collapsed on a group of people, leaving behind two boys - one of them is free and the other is a slave belonging to the free one - but it is not known which is the free one and which is the slave?" Abu Hanif
فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ الْقِتَالَ وَ الْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ ابْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا الْغُلَامِ الْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَ
'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam
إِنِّي ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنَ لِي جَارِيَةً كُنْتُ أَطَأُهَا فَوَطِئْتُهَا يَوْماً وَ خَرَجْتُ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي بَعْدَ مَا اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ نَسِيتُ نَفَقَةً لِي فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ لآِخُذَهَا فَوَجَدْتُ غُلَامِي عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ لَهَا مِنْ يَوْمِي ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَوَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَقْرَبَهَا وَ لَا أَنْ تَبِيعَهَا وَ لَكِنْ أَنْفِقْ عَلَي
"A man from the Ansar came to my father (as) and said: 'I have been afflicted with a great matter. I had a maid whom I used to have relations with. One day, after being intimate with her, I went out for some of my needs after performing ghusl. I later realized I had forgotten some of my provisions, so I returned home t
يَبِيعُ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يُوَرِّثُهُ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِهِ[3].
I asked Imam (as) about a man who had a maid with whom he had intimate relations, and she would go out to fulfill his needs. She became pregnant, and he feared that the pregnancy might not be from him. What should he do? Should he sell the maid and the child? Imam (as) replied: "He may sell the maid, but he must not se
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قُلْ لَهُ إِذَا وَلَدَتْ فَأَمْسِكِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا تَبِعْهُ وَ اجْعَلْ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِكَ قَالَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ كَانَ يَطَأُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبْعَثُهَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ اتَّهَمَهَا وَ حَبِلَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ وَ مَالِهِ لَيْسَ هَذِهِ مِثْلَ تِلْكَ[5].
Hadith.5679 - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad narrated from Sulaym, the servant of Tirbal, from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who used to have intimate relations with his maid and would also send her out to fulfill his needs. She became pregnant, and he heard rumors of her misconduct. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Te
لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَمْ دِيَةُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا قَالَ يُعْطَى الَّذِي أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَمَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ[4]. وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ دِيَةَ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا ثَمَانُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ مِيرَاثُهُ كَمِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ[1].
I asked Imam (as): "May I be your ransom, what is the blood money (diyyah) for a child born out of fornication?" Imam (as) replied: "The one who spent on him is to be given what he spent on him." I asked: "If the child dies and has wealth, who inherits it?" He (as) said: "The Imam." It has also been narrated: "The bloo
لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْقَاتِلِ ابْنٌ وَرِثَ الْجَدَّ الْمَقْتُولَ.
Hadith.5683 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil, from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who killed his father. Imam (as) said: "He does not inherit from him. However, if the killer has a son, the son inherits from the murdered grandfather."
وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ خَطَأً وَرِثَهَا وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهَا عَمْداً لَمْ يَرِثْهَا[1].
"If a man kills his mother by mistake, he inherits from her. However, if he kills her intentionally, he does not inherit from her."
وَ رَوَى النَّضْرُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ دِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ[2].
"A woman is entitled to a share of the blood money (diyyah) of her husband, and a man is entitled to a share of the blood money of his wife, as long as neither of them has killed the other."
وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنَّهَا تَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ سِهَامِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى الْمَقْتُولِ دَيْنٌ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَهُ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ شَيْئاً[3].
"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding the blood money (diyyah) of a murdered person that it is to be inherited by the heirs according to the Book of Allah (swt), the Exalted, and according to their prescribed shares, provided the murdered person has no outstanding debt. However, the maternal brothers and
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ قُتِلَ وَ لَهُ أَخٌ فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ أَخٌ آخَرُ فِي دَارِ الْبَدْوِ وَ لَمْ يُهَاجِرْ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ عَفَا الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ وَ أَرَادَ الْبَدَوِيُّ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْبَدَوِيِّ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُهَاجِراً حَتَّى يُهَاجِرَ وَ إِنْ عَفَا الْمُهَاجِرُ فَإِنَّ عَفْوَهُ جَائِزٌ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَلِلْبَدَوِيِّ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ وَ أَمَّا الْمِيرَاثُ
I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and he had one brother residing in the land of migration (Dar Al-Hijrah) and another brother in the land of the Bedouins (Dar Al-Badw), who had not migrated. I asked: "If the migrant (Muhajir) brother pardons the killer, but the Bedouin brother wants to execute reta
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً عَمْداً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ تُعْلِمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجَهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ فَعَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِنْ دِيَتِهِ مَعَ أَبِ
I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a woman who intentionally drank medicine while she was pregnant without informing her husband, causing her to miscarry his child. Imam (as) said: "If the fetus had developed bones upon which flesh had grown, she must pay the full diyyah (blood money) to the fa
يَجُوزُ لِأَبِيهَا مَا وَهَبَتْ لَهُ[2].
I asked Imam (as) about a man who struck his pregnant daughter, causing her to miscarry a stillborn child. The woman's husband sought justice against her father. The woman then said to her husband: "If this miscarriage has a diyyah (blood money) and I have a share of inheritance in it, then I give my share to my father
جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع- عَنْ طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِحْدَاهُمَا بَاغِيَةٌ وَ الْأُخْرَى عَادِلَةٌ اقْتَتَلُوا فَقَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ أَبَاهُ أَوْ ابْنَهُ أَوْ أَخَاهُ أَوْ حَمِيمَهُ وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ وَ هُوَ وَارِثُهُ هَلْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ لِأَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ بِحَقٍ[3].
I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about two groups of believers - one of them being rebellious (baghiyah) and the other just (Adilah) - who fought each other. A man from the people of Iraq, belonging to the rebellious group, killed his father, son, brother, or close relative during the battle and was also h
"كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "إِذَا مَاتَ اِبْنُ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ" ".
"Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: 'If the son of the cursed woman dies and he has brothers, his wealth is divided according to the shares ordained by Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic.'"
الْخُنْثَى يُوَرَّثُ مِنْ حَيْثُ يَبُولُ فَإِنْ بَالَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعاً فَمِنْ أَيِّهِمَا سَبَقَ الْبَوْلُ وُرِّثَ مِنْهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَبُلْ فَنِصْفُ عَقْلِ الرَّجُلِ وَ نِصْفُ عَقْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ[3].
قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع فِي الْمَفْقُودِ يُتَرَبَّصُ بِمَالِهِ أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يُقْسَمُ[3].
Hadith.5707 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Ishaq ibn Ammar who said that Abu Al-Hasan (as) said: "In the case of a missing person (mafqud), his wealth is withheld for four years, and then it is divided."
سَأَلَ حَفْصٌ الْأَعْوَرُ[5] أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ كَانَ لِأَبِي أَجِيرٌ وَ كَانَ
Hafs Al-Awar asked Abu Abdullah (as) while I was present, saying: "My father had a hired worker who had something with him. The worker died, leaving behind no heirs or relatives. I am distressed about this matter; what should I do?" Abu Abdullah (as) replied: "The needy are more deserving of it, the needy are more dese
مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ مِنْ قَرَابَةٍ وَ لَا مَوْلَى عَتَاقَةٍ[1] قَدْ ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ[2] فَمَالُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْفَالِ.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ : "أَنَّ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ فَمَالُهُ لِهَمْشَهْرِيجِهِ " يَعْنِي أَهْلَ بَلَدِهِ.
Hadith.5715 - It has also been narrated in another report: "Whoever dies and has no heir, his wealth belongs to his Hamshahrij," meaning the people of his town.
تُؤْخَذُ فَتُجْعَلُ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[5].
Hadith.5716 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah from Sulayman ibn Khalid from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a Muslim man who was killed and had a Christian father. Imam (as) was asked: "To whom does his blood money (diyyah) go?" Imam (as) said: "It is taken and placed in the treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) of th
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ قَرَابَتُهُ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِ
I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Muslim man who died and had a Christian mother, along with a Muslim wife and Muslim children. Imam (as) said: "If his mother accepts Islam before the inheritance is divided, she is given one-sixth." I asked: "What if he has no wife, no children, and no heir
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرَّثُ[2].
Hadith.5731 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said that Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say regarding a free man who dies while his mother is a slave: "She should be purchased from the wealth of her son, then freed, and then she will inherit from him."
انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ ابْنَتَيْنِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَيْنِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمِيرَاثِ.
"A servant of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) passed away. Imam Ali (as) said: 'Look and see if he has any heirs.' It was said to Him (as): 'He has two daughters in Yamamah who are enslaved.' So, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) purchased them using the deceased's wealth and then gave them the remainder of the inheritance."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً مَمْلُوكاً قَالَ يُشْتَرَى ابْنُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ وَ يُوَرَّثُ مَا بَقِيَ.
I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is enslaved. Imam (as) said: "His son should be purchased from his wealth, then freed, and he will inherit whatever remains."
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَ
Hadith.5734 - In the narration of Ibn Muskan from Sulayman ibn Khalid, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When a man died and had a slave woman as his wife, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would purchase her from his wealth, free her, and then grant her inheritance."
وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنِ ادَّعَى عَبْدَ إِنْسَانٍ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ[2] أَنَّهُ يُعْتَقُ مِنْ مَالِ الَّذِي ادَّعَاهُ[3] فَإِنْ تُوُفِّيَ الْمُدَّعِي وَ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ الْمَالُ وَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مَالُهُ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ
"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who claimed that a slave belonged to him and asserted that he was his son. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that the slave should be freed from the wealth of the one who made the claim. If the claimant died and his wealth was divided before the slave was freed,
لَا يَطَؤُهَا حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ قُلْتُ فَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ مَالًا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ- فَأُعْتِقَ وَ وُرِّثَ[1] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ مَالًا قَالَ فَهُوَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ كَهَيْأَتِهَا.
I asked him about a man who had a slave woman (umm walad) and her child from him died. He then married her to another man, and she bore him a child. Later, that man died, and she returned to her original master. I asked: "Does he have the right to be intimate with her before marrying her?" Imam (as) said: "He cannot be
لَهُ مُكَاتَبٌ اشْتَرَى نَفْسَهُ وَ خَلَّفَ مَالًا قِيمَتُهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ فَقَالَ يَرِثُهُ مَنْ يَلِي جَرِيرَتَهُ قُلْتُ وَ مَنِ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرِيرَتِهِ قَالَ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[1].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a mukatab (a slave who had entered into a contract for his freedom) who purchased his freedom and left behind wealth valued at one hundred thousand dirhams, with no heir to inherit from him. Imam (as) said: "The one who is responsible for his liability (jarirah) inherits from him." I ask
يُحْسَبُ مَالُهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ وَ بِقَدْرِ مَا لَمْ يُعْتَقْ يُحْسَبُ لِأَرْبَابِهِ الَّذِينَ كَاتَبُوهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ[3].
"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract for freedom) who died and had wealth. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: 'His wealth should be divided in proportion to what part of him had been freed for his heirs, and the portion that was not yet freed should be calculated for hi
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَوَّاضٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يُكَاتَبُ فَيُؤَدِّي بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ[1] ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً وَ يَتْرُكُ مَالًا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ قَالَ يُوفَى مَوَالِيهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِوَلَدِهِ[2].
Hadith.5744 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated that Muhammad ibn Samaah reported from Abd Al-Hamid ibn Awad from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract for freedom) who had entered into a contract, paid part of it,
وَ يُقَوَّمُ نِقْضُ الْأَجْذَاعِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ الْأَبْوَابِ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ.
Hadith.5752 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Riʾab and Khaṭṭab Abu Muhammad Al-Hamdani from Ṭirbal from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as), he said: "A woman does not inherit from what her husband leaves behind of villages, houses, weapons, or animals. However, she inherits from money, slaves, clothing,
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ فِي النِّسَاءِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ أُعْطِينَ مِنَ الرِّبَاعِ[2].
Hadith.5754 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhayna: "In the case of women, if they have a child, they are given from the inheritance of property."
وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ عِلَّةُ إِعْطَاءِ النِّسَاءِ نِصْفَ مَا يُعْطَى الرِّجَالَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَخَذَتْ وَ الرَّجُلُ يُعْطِي فَلِذَلِكَ وُفِّرَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ. وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي إِعْطَاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَيْ مَا تُعْطَى الْأُنْثَى لِأَنَّ الْأُنْثَى فِي عِيَالِ الذَّكَرِ إِنِ احْتَاجَتْ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ
Hadith.5755 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason women are given half of what men receive from inheritance is because when a woman marries, she receives, whereas a man gives. Therefore, more has been allocated to men." Imam (as) continued: "Another reas
-: لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ مَا بَالُ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلضَّعِيفَةِ لَهَا سَهْمٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلْقَوِيِّ اَلْمُوسِرِ سَهْمَانِ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عَاقِلَةٌ وَ لاَ عَلَيْهَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لاَ جِهَادٌ" وَ عَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ هَذَا "وَ هَذَا عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ فَلِذَلِكَ جُعِلَ لَهُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لَهَا سَ
Hadith.5757 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hisham that Ibn Abi Al-Awjaʾ said to Muhammad ibn Al-Nuʿman Al-Ahwal: "Why does the weak woman have one share while the strong and wealthy man has two shares?" He said: "I mentioned this to Abu Abdullah (as), and Imam (as) said: 'A woman has no obligation to pay blood money (Aq
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِلْوَارِثِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْناً أَوْ ضَيَاعاً فَإِلَيَّ وَ عَلَيَ[3].
I heard Abu Abdullah (as) narrated that the Prophet of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to say: "I have a greater claim over every believer than his own self. Whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs, and whoever leaves behind debt or dependents in need, then it is upon me and