إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ وَ إِلَّا أُخِذَ مِنَ الْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ[2].
Hadith.5379 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal narrated from Zharif ibn Nasih, from Aban ibn Uthman, from Abu Basir, who narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who intentionally killed another man and then fled, and he could not be captured until he died. Imam (as) said: "If he had wealt
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَجَّ رَجُلًا مُوضِحَةً وَ شَجَّهُ آخَرُ دَامِيَةً فِي مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ[1] فَمَاتَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِمَا الدِّيَةُ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمَا نِصْفَيْنِ[2].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who was struck by one person with a muḍihah wound (a wound that exposes the bone) and by another person with a damiyah wound (a bleeding wound) in the same instance, and the man died. Imam (as) said: "The blood money is upon both of them, divided equally between their wealth."
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي جَارِيَةٍ رَكِبَتْ جَارِيَةً فَنَخَسَتْهَا جَارِيَةٌ أُخْرَى فَقَمَصَتِ الْمَرْكُوبَةُ فَصَرَعَتِ الرَّاكِبَةَ فَمَاتَتْ[1] فَقَضَى بِدِيَتِهَا نِصْفَيْنِ بَيْنَ النَّاخِسَةِ وَ الْمَنْخُوسَةِ[2].
Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), ruled in a case where a slave girl was riding on another slave girl. A third slave girl prodded the one being ridden, causing her to buck, which led to the rider falling and dying. He ruled that the diyah (blood money) for the deceased should be divided equally bet
رُفِعَ إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ رَجُلٌ دَفَعَ رَجُلًا فِي بِئْرٍ فَمَاتَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي مَنْزِلِي فَسَمِعْتُ الْغَوْثَ فَخَرَجْتُ مُسْرِعاً وَ مَعِي سَيْفِي فَمَرَرْتُ عَلَى هَذَا وَ هُوَ عَلَى شَفِيرِ بِئْرٍ فَدَفَعْتُهُ فَوَقَعَ فِي الْبِئْرِ فَسَأَلَ الْمَأْمُونُ الْفُقَهَاءَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يُقَادُ بِهِ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يُفْعَلُ بِهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَسَأ
Hadith.5400 - In the narration of Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya through his chain of transmission, it is reported that a man was brought before Al-Ma'mun for having pushed another man into a well, resulting in his death. Al-Ma'mun ordered that the man be executed. The man said: "I was in my house when I heard cries for
أَنْتَ قَاتِلُ أَخِي وَ لِيَ أَنْ أَقْتُلَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَدْ قَتَلْتَنِي مَرَّةً فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ فَخَرَجَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَ اللَّهِ قَدْ قَتَلَنِي مَرَّةً فَمَرُّوا بِهِ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ص فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِخَبَرِهِ فَقَالَ لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ إِلَيْكَ فَدَخَلَ ع عَلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ الْحُكْمُ فِيهِ هَكَذَا فَقَالَ مَا هُ
Hadith.5401 - In the narration of Aban ibn Uthman, it is reported that Umar ibn Al-Khattab was presented with a man who had killed another man's brother. Umar handed him over to the victim's brother and ordered him to kill him. The man struck him until he thought he had killed him. He was carried to his home, and they
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ تَحْضُرُهُ الْوَفَاةُ إِلَّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سَمْعِهِ وَ بَصَرِهِ وَ عَقْلِهِ لِلْوَصِيَّةِ أَخَذَ الْوَصِيَّةَ أَوْ تَرَكَ وَ هِيَ الرَّاحَةُ الَّتِي يُقَالُ لَهَا رَاحَةُ الْمَوْتِ فَهِيَ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ[2].
Hadith.5409 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hammad ibn Uthman who said that Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "There is no dying person approaching death except that Allah (swt) restores to him his hearing, sight, and intellect for the purpose of making a will - whether he chooses to make
ابْنَ آدَمَ تَطَوَّلْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِثَلَاثٍ سَتَرْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَا لَوْ يَعْلَمُ بِهِ أَهْلُكَ مَا وَارَوْكَ[2] وَ أَوْسَعْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَاسْتَقْرَضْتُ مِنْكَ[3] فَلَمْ تُقَدِّمْ خَيْراً وَ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ نَظِرَةً[4] عِنْدَ مَوْتِكَ فِي ثُلُثِكَ فَلَمْ تُقَدِّمْ خَيْراً.
"Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, says: 'O' son of Adam, I have favored you with three things: I concealed from others matters about you that, had your family known, they would not have buried you. I expanded your sustenance, yet when I asked you to lend (in charity), you did not offer any good. And I gran
مَنْ لَمْ يُوصِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ[1] فَقَدْ خَتَمَ عَمَلَهُ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ[2].
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَوْصَى إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ع وَ أَوْصَى عَلِيٌّ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ وَ أَوْصَى الْحَسَنُ ع إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ وَ أَوْصَى الْحُسَيْنُ ع إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ أَوْصَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ ع.
"Whoever does not make a proper will at the time of death, it is a deficiency in his dignity and intellect." Imam (as) also said: "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) made a will to Ali (as), and Ali (as) made a will to Al-Hasan (as), and Al-Hasan (as) made a will to Al-Hussain (as),
إِنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ تُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ وَ يُتْرَكُ لِأَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ[1].
"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who passed away and had bequeathed all of his wealth or most of it. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: 'The will is to be adjusted to what is customary, and the rightful inheritance must be left for the heirs.'"
فَإِنْ تَعَدَّى فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا الثُّلُثُ.
"The deceased has the most right over his wealth as long as his soul remains in him and he can express himself." Imam (as) then said: "But if he exceeds (in his bequest), he is entitled only to one-third."
مَا صَنَعْتُمْ بِصَاحِبِكُمْ قَالُوا دَفَنَّاهُ قَالَ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ مَا دَفَنَّاهُ مَعَ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ تَرَكَ وُلْدَهُ يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ[4].
"A man from the Ansar passed away, leaving behind young children. He had six slaves and no wealth other than them. At the time of his death, he freed all of them. When the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was informed of this, He (sw) said: 'What did you do with your companion?' They replied: 'We buried him.'
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ كَانَ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِمَكَّةَ وَ إِنَّهُ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَأَوْصَى الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ وَجْهُهُ[1] إِلَى تِلْقَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ص إِلَى الْقِ
"Al-Bara' ibn Marur Al-Ansari was in Medina while the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) was in Mecca. When death approached him (Al-Bara'), and while the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and the Muslims were still praying towards Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), Al-Bara'
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع أَنَّ دُرَّةَ بِنْتَ مُقَاتِلٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ ضَيْعَةً أَشْقَاصاً[3] فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ أَوْصَتْ لِسَيِّدِنَا فِي أَشْقَاصِهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَ نَحْنُ أَوْصِيَاؤُهَا فَأَحْبَبْنَا إِنْهَاءَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى سَيِّدِنَا فَإِنْ أَمَرَنَا بِإِمْضَاءِ الْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا أَمْ
Hadith.5429 - It is narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ahmad ibn Ishaq that he wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as), informing him: "Durrah bint Muqatil has passed away and left behind an estate consisting of portions in a certain place. She bequeathed more than one-third of her estate to our master, and we are her ex
إِذَا أَبَانَ بِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ أَوْصَى بِهِ فَمِنَ الثُّلُثِ[6].
Hadith.5430 - Ṣafwan narrated from Murazim from some of our companions regarding a man who gives something from his wealth during his illness. Imam (as) said: "If he gives it explicitly (clearly handing it over), then it is valid. But if he bequeaths it (without handing it over), then it must be from one-third of his e
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ وَصِيَّتَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ كَانَ نَقْصاً فِي مُرُوءَتِهِ وَ عَقْلِهِ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ كَيْفَ يُوصِي الْمَيِّتُ قَالَ إِذَا حَضَرَتْهُ وَفَاتُهُ وَ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ- اللَّهُمَّ فاطِرَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ عالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهادَةِ الرَّحْمَنَ الرَّحِيمَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْهَدُ إِلَيْكَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا[1] أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ
The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever does not make a proper will at the time of death, it is a deficiency in his dignity and intellect." It was asked: "O' Messenger of Allah (swt), how does a dying person make a will?" Prophet (sw) replied: "When his death approaches and people
ع يَا بُنَيَّ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ أُوصِيَ إِلَيْكَ وَ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَيْكَ كُتُبِي وَ سِلَاحِي كَمَا أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ كُتُبَهُ وَ سِلَاحَهُ وَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ آمُرَكَ إِذَا حَضَرَكَ الْمَوْتُ أَنْ تَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى أَخِيكَ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى ابْنِهِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقَالَ وَ أَمَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ تَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى ابْنِكَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَ
"I witnessed the will of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) when he appointed his son Imam Hasan ibn Ali (as) as his successor and made Imam Hussain ibn Ali (as), Muhammad (Hanafiya), all of his children, the prominent members of his household, and his followers (Shi'a) witnesses to his will. Then Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as)
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ هُمَا كَافِرَانِ[2] قُلْتُ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ مُسْلِمَانِ.
I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "O' you who believe! Witnesses between you when death approaches one of you, at the time of bequest, are two just men from among you, or two others from outside of you." (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:106) Imam (as
اللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَمِنَ الْمَجُوسِ لِأَنَّ فِي الْمَجُوسِ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِي الْجِزْيَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ مُسْلِمَانِ أُشْهِدَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يُحْبَسَانِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَيُقْسِمانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ
I asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "O' you who believe! Witnesses between you when death approaches one of you, at the time of bequest, are two just men from among you, or two others from outside of you." (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:106) Imam (as) said: "The two from among you are Musli
أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ يُبْدَأُ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ الْكَفَنُ ثُمَّ الدَّيْنُ ثُمَّ الْوَصِيَّةُ ثُمَّ الْمِيرَاثُ[2].
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِنَّ الدَّيْنَ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ ثُمَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ عَلَى أَثَرِ الدَّيْنِ ثُمَّ الْمِيرَاثَ بَعْدَ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَإِنَّ أَوْلَى الْقَضَاءِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ[3].
Hadith.5438 - Aṣim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that the Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Indeed, the debt takes precedence over the will, then the will follows after the debt, and then the inheritance comes after the will. Verily, fulfilli
وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ الْكَفَنُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ[4].
"The shroud (for burial) is to be provided from the entirety of the wealth (of the deceased)."
وَ قَالَ ع كَفَنُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا مَاتَتْ[5].
Hadith.5440 - And Imam (as) said: "The shroud of a woman is the responsibility of her husband if she passes away." [CHAPER=CHAPTER 88 - CHAPTER ON A MAN WHO DIES WHILE OWING A DEBT EQUAL TO PRICE OF HIS SHROUD] بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ بِقَدْرِ ثَمَنِ كَفَنِهِ
يُجْعَلُ مَا تَرَكَ فِي ثَمَنِ كَفَنِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَّجِرَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ[1] فَيُكَفِّنُونَهُ وَ يُقْضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ.
I asked Imam (as) about a man who died while owing a debt equal to the price of his shroud. Imam (as) said: "What he left behind should be used for the price of his shroud unless some people choose to contribute and provide his shroud. In that case, his debt should be paid off from what he left behind."
تَجُوزُ ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوالِدَيْنِ وَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ.
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَوْصَى وَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ لِذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ لَمْ تَجُزْ لِلْغُرَبَاءِ.
I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "If a boy is on his deathbed and makes a will before reaching maturity, his will is valid if it is for his close relatives, but it is not valid for strangers."
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَ وَرَثَتُهُ شُهُودٌ فَأَجَازُوا ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ نَقَضُوا اَلْوَصِيَّةَ هَلْ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَرُدُّوا مَا أَقَرُّوا بِهِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ اَلْوَصِيَّةُ جَائِزَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا أَقَرُّوا بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ".
Hadith.5461 - Hammad ibn ʿIsa narrated from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who made a will in the presence of his heirs, and they approved it. However, after the man's death, they attempted to revoke the will. Imam (as) said: "They do not have the right to revoke it. The will rema
لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَضَعَ مَالَهُ فِي يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ لَوَضَعْتُهُ فِيهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ ما سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّما إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى مَنْ يَخْرُجُ فِي هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ يَعْنِي الثُّغُورَ فَابْعَثُوا بِهِ إِلَيْهِ.
Hadith.5463 - Sahl ibn Ziyad narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Walid from Yunus ibn Yaʿqub: A man in Hamadhan mentioned that his father had passed away. His father was unaware of this matter (the teachings of the Ahl Al-Bayt), and before his death, he made a will instructing that something be given in the way of Allah (swt
لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ يَسَعُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ لِقَرَابَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ مَالُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ.
I asked Imam (as), "A man who has children, is it permissible for him to give his wealth to his relatives?" Imam (as) replied: "It is his wealth; he may do with it as he wishes until death comes to him."
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ مُتَعَمِّداً فَهُوَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِداً فِيها قِيلَ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ مُتَعَمِّداً مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ تُنْفَذُ وَصِيَّتُهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْصَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ حَدَثاً فِي نَفْسِهِ مِنْ جِرَاحَةٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ أُجِيزَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ فِي ثُلُثِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَ قَدْ أَحْدَ
I heard Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) say: "Whoever intentionally kills himself will be in the Fire of Hell, abiding therein forever." Imam (as) was asked: "What if he had made a will (waṣiyyah) and then deliberately killed himself immediately after? Will his will be carried out?" Imam (as) replied
كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلَيْنِ أَ يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ بِنِصْفِ اَلتَّرِكَةِ وَ اَلْآخَرِ بِالنِّصْفِ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُمَا أَنْ يُخَالِفَا اَلْمَيِّتَ وَ يَعْمَلاَنِ عَلَى حَسَبِ مَا أَمَرَهُمَا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".
Hadith.5471 - Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Ṣaffar (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as) asking: "A man appointed two individuals as executors of his will. Is it permissible for one of them to independently handle half of the inheritance and the other to manage the oth
يَغْرَمُهَا وَصِيُّهُ وَ يَجْعَلُهَا فِي حَجَّةٍ كَمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ ما سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّما إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ.
Hadith.5480 - Muhammad bin Sinan narrated from Ibn Maskan from Abu Sa'id from Abu Abdullah (as) who was asked about a man who made a will for a Hajj and designated it as a will in favor of a person. Imam (as) said: "His executor must fulfill it and ensure it is carried out as a Hajj, just as he had bequeathed. For Alla
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ عَنْهُ نَسَمَةً بِسِتِّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ فَانْطَلَقَ الْوَصِيُّ فَأَعْطَى السِّتَّمِائَةِ رَجُلًا يَحُجُّ بِهَا عَنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَرَى أَنْ يَغْرَمَ الْوَصِيُّ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَ يَجْعَلَهَا فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ الْمَيِّتُ فِي نَسَمَةٍ[2].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who made a will to another man, instructing him to free a soul (a slave) for six hundred dirhams from his one-third share of the inheritance. However, the executor instead gave the six hundred dirhams to a man to perform Hajj on behalf of the deceased. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "I be
أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ فَقَالُوا تَصَدَّقْ بِهَا عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا لَقِيتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ فِي الطَّوَافِ سَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ مَوَالِيكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى بِتَرِكَتِهِ إِلَيَّ وَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَحُجَّ بِهَا عَنْهُ فَنَظَرْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يَكْفِ لِلْحَجِّ فَسَأَلْتُ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ فَقَالُوا تَصَدَّقْ بِهَا عَنْهُ فَ
A man entrusted me with his estate and instructed me to perform Hajj on his behalf. When I examined the amount, I found it to be very little and insufficient for Hajj. I asked Abu Hanifa and the jurists of Kufa, and they said: 'Give it in charity on his behalf'. Later, when I met Abdullah ibn Al-Hasan during Tawaf, I a
وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ[2] رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فِي مَوَالِيهِ وَ مَوْلَيَاتِهِ[3] الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ أَوْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَوَقَّعَ ع جَائِزٌ لِلْمَيِّتِ مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ عَلَى مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى[4].
Hadith.5485 - Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Abu Muhammad Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as) regarding a man who bequeathed one-third of his wealth to his male and female servants, either equally or with the instruction that "the male should receive the share of two female
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ وَ أَشْرَكَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ مَعَهَا صَبِيّاً فَقَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ وَ تُمْضِي الْمَرْأَةُ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَ لَا تَنْتَظِرُ بُلُوغَ الصَّبِيِّ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الصَّبِيُّ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ لَا يَرْضَى إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ تَبْدِيلٍ أَوْ تَغْيِيرٍ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ إِلَى مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ الْمَيِّتُ[5].
I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who appointed a woman as his executor and included a child with her in the will. Imam (as) said: "This is permissible. The woman should carry out the will and does not need to wait for the child to reach maturity. However, when the child grows up, he has no right to object unless t
وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى إِلَى وَلَدِهِ وَ فِيهِمْ كِبَارٌ قَدْ أَدْرَكُوا[6] وَ فِيهِمْ صِغَارٌ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْكِبَارِ أَنْ يُنْفِذُوا الْوَصِيَّةَ وَ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ لِمَنْ صَحَّحَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِشُهُودٍ عُدُولٍ[1] قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ الصِّغَارُ فَوَقَّعَ ع عَلَى الْأَكَابِرِ مِنَ الْوُلْدِ أَنْ يَقْضُ
Hadith.5487 - Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Abu Muhammad Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as) about a man who made his children the executors of his will, among them adults who are mature and minors who are not mature yet. He asked if it was permissible for the adults to ex
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَعْنِي الثَّانِيَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ وَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعْطِيَ عَمّاً لَهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ شَيْئاً فَمَاتَ الْعَمُّ فَكَتَبَ ع أَعْطِ وَرَثَتَهُ[3].
I asked Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as), (the second (as)), about a man who had appointed me as his executor and instructed to give something to his uncle every year. The uncle then passed away. Abu Jafar (as) wrote in response: "Give it to his heirs."
الْوَصِيَّةُ لِوَارِثِ الَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ وَ قَالَ ع مَنْ أَوْصَى لِأَحَدٍ شَاهِدٍ أَوْ غَائِبٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ الْمُوصَى لَهُ قَبْلَ الْمُوصِي فَالْوَصِيَّةُ لِوَارِثِ الَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ[4].
"Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled concerning a man who made a bequest to another, but the person to whom the bequest was made was absent and died before the one who made the bequest. Imam (as) said: 'The bequest is for the heir of the one to whom it was made.' Imam (as) also said: 'Whoever makes a bequest to someon
اطْلُبْ لَهُ وَارِثاً أَوْ مَوْلًى فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ لَهُ وَلِيُّ قَالَ اجْهَدْ أَنْ تَقْدِرَ لَهُ عَلَى وَلِيٍّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْهُ وَ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْكَ الْجَهْدَ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهَا[2].
I asked Imam (as) about a man for whom a bequest was made, but he died before receiving it and left no offspring. Imam (as) said: "Seek an heir or his mawla (guardian) and give it to him." I asked: "What if no heir is known?" Imam (as) replied: "Exert yourself in searching for an heir for him, and if you cannot find on
يُمْضَى عِتْقُ الْغُلَامِ وَ يَكُونُ النُّقْصَانُ فِيمَا بَقِيَ[4].
I asked Imam (as) about a man who, when death approached him, freed his slave and made a will, but the total of his bequests exceeded one-third of his estate. Imam (as) replied: "The emancipation of the slave is to be carried out, and any reduction should be applied to what remains (of the bequests beyond the one-third
يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ فَيُنْفَذُ[5].
Hadith.5495 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Abu Hammam Ismail ibn Hammam from Abu Al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who, at the time of his death, made a will bequeathing wealth to his relatives and also freed a slave. However, the total of what he bequeathed exceeded one-third of his estate. He was asked how th
إِنْ كَانَ صَرُورَةً حُجَّ عَنْهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ[4] وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ صَرُورَةٍ فَمِنَ الثُّلُثِ[5].
I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and had instructed that Hajj be performed on his behalf. Imam (as) replied: "If he had never performed Hajj (was a ṣarurah), then Hajj should be performed on his behalf from the middle of his wealth. But if he was not a ṣarurah, then it should be performed from one-third of his we
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى أَنْ يُعْتَقَ عَنْهُ نَسَمَةٌ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَاشْتَرَى الْوَصِيُّ نَسَمَةً بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ فَضَلَتْ فَضْلَةٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي الْفَضْلَةِ قَالَ تُدْفَعُ إِلَى النَّسَمَةِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُعْتَقَ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ[4].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had made a will that a soul be freed on his behalf from one-third of his wealth with five hundred dirhams. The executor of the will bought a soul for less than five hundred, and some amount remained. What do you say about the remaining amount? Imam (as) said: "It should be giv
أَهْلُ الْمِيرَاثِ لَا تَجُوزُ وَصِيَّتُهَا لَهُ إِنَّهُ مُكَاتَبٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ فَقَضَى ع أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ وَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِنَ الْوَصِيَّةِ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ وَ قَضَى ع فِي مُكَاتَبٍ أُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَ قَدْ قَضَى نِصْفَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ نِصْفَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَ قَضَى فِي مُكَاتَبٍ قَضَى رُبُعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ رُبُعَ الْ
"The Commander of the Faithful (as), peace be upon him, ruled concerning a contracted slave (mukatab) who was married to a free woman. She made a bequest for him at the time of her death. Imam (as) said: 'The people entitled to inheritance cannot have her will executed for him because he is a mukatab who has not been f
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا غُلَامٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوهَا فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَيِّتِ وَ تُعْطَى مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ[2].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had a slave woman with whom he had a son. When death approached him, he bequeathed for her two thousand dirhams or more and instructed his heirs to enslave her. Imam (as) said: "No, rather she should be freed from one-third of the deceased's estate and given what he had bequea
إِنْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ ثِقَةٌ قَاسَمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ[3].
I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and left behind sons and daughters, both young and old, without leaving a will. He also had servants, slaves, and jewelry. How should the heirs divide that inheritance? Imam (as) said: "If a trustworthy man undertakes the division of all that among them, then there is no harm in i
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَوْلَاداً صِغَاراً وَ تَرَكَ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ غِلْمَاناً وَ جَوَارِيَ وَ لَمْ يُوصِ فَمَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمُ الْجَارِيَةَ فَيَتَّخِذُهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ وَ مَا تَرَى فِي بَيْعِهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُمْ وَلِيٌّ يَقُومُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ بَاعَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ نَظَرَ لَهُمْ كَانَ مَأْجُوراً فِيهِمْ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَشْ
I asked Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as), about a man related to me who died and left behind young children and male and female slaves. He did not leave a will. What is your opinion regarding someone who buys a female slave from them and takes her as an umm walad (a concubine who bears a child)? And what
مَعَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى هَلْ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ إِذَا بِيعَ فِيمَنْ زَادَ يَزِيدُ[2] وَ يَأْخُذُ لِنَفْسِهِ فَقَالَ يَجُوزُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى صَحِيحاً[3].
I wrote along with Muhammad ibn Yahya asking whether the executor of a will is permitted to purchase something from the deceased's estate when it is sold to the highest bidder and take it for himself. Imam (as) replied: "It is permissible if he purchases it properly."
لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيَّ مَالِي لِأَتَزَوَّجَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَذَهَبَ حَتَّى زَنَى قَالَ يُلْزَمُ ثُلُثَيْ إِثْمِ زِنَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ- ذَلِكَ الْوَصِيُّ الَّذِي مَنَعَهُ الْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ فَكَانَ يَتَزَوَّجُ.
Hadith.5526 - Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Al-Kulayni, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Qays from someone who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said regarding a man who died and appointed someone as the guardian of his affairs while leaving be